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Aiyanna Elie

Period: 4

Table of Contents:

1. Literary Elements

2. Informational Elements

3. Vocabulary

4. Writing

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The feeling a reader gets from a story.

Example: A spooky mood in a haunted house story.

https://literarydevices.net/mood

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Main idea or message in a story.

Example: Never give up, even when things get hard.

https://literarydevices.net/theme

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what the text is mostly about or the main point the author wants to get across.

Example: Recycling helps the planet.

https://www.readingrockets.org/article/main-idea

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Techniques used to persuade the audience.

Ethos: using credibility or trust to convince the reader or audience.

Example: A doctor recommending a medicine.

Pathos: Appeal to emotions.

Example: A commercial showing sad animals to get donations.

Logos: Appeal to logic and facts.

Example: Studies show students who sleep 8 hours score 15% higher on tests.

Resource Link: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-are-rhetorical-appeals-definition/

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The author’s attitude toward the subject.

Example: Sarcastic tone in a comedy.

https://literarydevices.net/tone

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Definition: is the way information is organized in a nonfiction text.

Example:uses chronological order to list steps in the order they happen.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUn3muP0cNY

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Hints in the text that show meaning.

Example: "He felt gloomy, sitting alone with his head down and no smile on his face.”

"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nd4QjHGt2JI

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Denotation: The dictionary meaning of a word.

Connotation: The feeling a word gives (positive or negative).

Example: Cheap (negative connotation), Inexpensive (neutral).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tTzHY7pEDU

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Definition: Writing that uses logic and evidence to prove a point.

Example: School should start later because teens need more sleep.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gGz0o17pEw

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Definition: Your main point or opinion.

Example: Fast food is unhealthy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWW1R9exw7U

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Definition: The opposite view of your claim.

Example: Some people think fast food is okay if you don’t eat it every day.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6skT9c5Qf8

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Definition: Your response to the counterclaim

Example: But even eating it sometimes can lead to health problems like high blood pressure.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwRlX2hhWNg

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Rhetorical Devices

Rhetorical devices are special ways of using language to make people feel something or think a certain way.

Here are some common ones:

1. Antithesis – Two opposite ideas put together in the same structure.
Example: "She’s sweet but deadly."

2. Rhetorical Question – A question asked to make a point, not to get an answer.
Example: "Is the sky blue?"

3. Allusion – A quick reference to something well known.
Example: "He acted like Superman all day."

4. Anaphora - Repeating the same words at the start of phrases or sentences.
Example: "We fight for justice. We fight for peace. We fight for change."

5. Analogy – A long comparison to help explain something.
Example: "Learning to dance is like learning a new language both need practice and patience."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZk2QdRlD18

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Literary Elements

Diction = Word Choice

Diction means the words someone chooses when they speak or write. It shows their style and how they want to sound.

Focus on how the words feel (connotation), not just what they literally mean (denotation).

Here are four main types of diction you might hear or use:

1. Formal – Proper and serious language with correct grammar.
Example: "I appreciate your assistance."

2. Informal – Chill and relaxed speech that sounds like how you talk with friends.
Example: "Catch you later."

3. Colloquial – A type of informal language with everyday sayings, slang, and accents from certain places.
Example: "Y’all coming or what?"

4. Slang – Fun and trendy words or phrases used by specific groups or generations.
Example: "That fit is fire."

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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Figurative language makes writing or speech more interesting by adding extra style and meaning.

It’s when words mean more than just their basic definitions.

There are lots of types, and you’ve probably heard of some already.

Here are a few examples:

Simile – Compares two things using "like" or "as."
Example: "He ran like a cheetah."

Metaphor – Says something is something else without using "like" or "as."
Example: "My brother is a volcano when he’s mad."

Personification – Gives human actions or feelings to objects.
Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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Informative Essay

An informative essay gives facts and details to help the reader understand a topic.

The writer doesn’t pick a side or argue it’s all about staying clear.

It has five parts: an introduction, a thesis statement, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Each body paragraph starts with a topic sentence and shares info in a way that makes sense.

The conclusion repeats the thesis and main points to wrap it up.

Unlike an argument essay, it has no counterclaim or opinions — just straight facts.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?