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Learning focus

Understand the causes and events of the Holocaust.

Analyze survivor testimonies and their impact on historical memory.

Reflect on the importance of human rights and genocide prevention.

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They were taken from their homes by force.

Families were often separated.

Many had to sleep in cold, crowded barracks.

They were given very little food.

Many became weak or sick.

They had to do hard work all day.

They were beaten or punished for small things.

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Bruno is an eight-year-old boy whose father is a Nazi officer. His family moves near a concentration camp. Bruno is lonely and explores the area. He meets a boy named Shmuel on the other side of a fence. Shmuel is Jewish and lives inside the camp. The two boys become friends. One day, Bruno sneaks into the camp to help Shmuel find his missing father. Sadly, both boys die in a gas chamber. The story shows the innocence of children and the horrors of the Holocaust.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website

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The Museum's collections database contains more than 270,000 records, including:

Photos and albums -Images of life before, during, and after the Holocaust

Personal stories -Interviews, home movies, memoirs, and diaries

Films -Historical footage and contemporary films about the Holocaust

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A living memorial to the Holocaust, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum inspires citizens and leaders worldwide to confront hatred, prevent genocide, and promote human dignity.

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Video clip: Short clip from the documentary The Holocaust:

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Video clip: Short clip from the documentary The Holocaust:

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What Was the Holocaust? | 5-Minute Videos

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How can personal stories help us see and understand the larger history and effects of the Holocaust from the firsthand stories of children like Anne Frank?

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The Nazis believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, thought to be "inferior“, were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community

“The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.” (Intro to Holocaust)

Methods of death:

Disease

Starvation

Neglect

Maltreatment

Incarceration

Extermination Camps

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1. Introduce the Scenario:

Briefly explain that during the Holocaust, many children lived in very difficult conditions.

Mention The Boy in the Striped Pajamas as a story about two boys—one inside a camp, one outside—who became friends across a fence.

2. Writing Prompt:

Imagine you are a child who finds a friend on the other side of a fence, like Bruno and Shmuel. What do you talk about? What do you feel? What do you wish you could do?

Students should write a short letter, diary entry, or story (about 1–2 paragraphs).