# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Heinz Jakob ‘Coco’ Schumann, German jazz musician, dies aged 93

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Heinz Jakob “Coco” Schumann survived the Holocaust to become a star of jazz and swing.

# data[].attributes.headline
Quote from Hans-Jürgen Massaquoi (Swing Kid)

# data[].attributes.subject
Quote from Hans-Jürgen Massaquoi (Swing Kid)

# data[].attributes.body
"The Nazis hated our guts. Any chance they had, they would kick us in the pants or make life miserable for us. There was nothing ideological about us. We were nonpolitical, just anti Nazi regimentation. It was just a total turnoff. We didn’t want to be bothered by this nonsense." -Hans-Jürgen Massaquoi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Coco Schumann (Swing Legend) at Badenscher Hof

# data[].attributes.body
In 1935 Germany, it was illegal to listen to radio stations that were not German. Swing dancing and dances were prohibited in some places, and orchestras also had to adhere to stringent regulations, such as limiting their repertoire to no more than 20% jazz. In many places, Jazz was outright banned.

# data[].attributes.body
Swing Kids were a young organization that would dance to American jazz music, hold private meetings, and use their attire and demeanor to protest the harsh realities of Nazi life. They rejected the National Socialist ideology, they were notably the League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel) and the Hitler Youth. The Swing Kids were strongly opposed to Hitler's requirement that Germany's youth participate in youth-oriented programs, which was referenced in their name. They viewed life through the prism of their love of jazz music and swing dancing, and they appreciated the American and British way of life.  Because jazz music was prohibited in Germany, the focus of this group became a political matter.

# data[].attributes.body
Heinrich Himmler ordered in a letter that the Swingjugend 'ringleaders' needed to be sent away to concentration camps for two to three years.

# data[].attributes.body
The Gestapo raided a Swingjugend dance. The Gestapo were able to identify 408. These people were placed on a record of enemies of the Nazi Party. Using that record, 63 Swingjugend members were arrested.

# data[].attributes.body
The swing kids had an impact on society because they questioned the ideology and authority of the Nazi regime. Despite not being a recognized political organization, they showed resistance and self-expression by rejecting Nazi uniformity and embracing American jazz. The movement's influence extended beyond young people; it also sparked debate over the extent to which the dictatorship would impose its ideology and control over culture.

# data[].attributes.body
In Hamburg alone, 383 swing kids were detained, with 90% of them being under 21. The Gestapo frequently subjected them to harsh interrogations and weeks in jail. At one time or another, the majority had their hair chopped off and their jazz recordings confiscated before being returned home. Not everyone was treated so 'well'. Suspected leaders were taken as political prisoners to concentration camps, some were transported to the front lines, and Jewish swing kids like Coco Schuman had to deal with the Holocaust.

# data[].attributes.body
They rebelled without resorting to violence by using dance and song. This represented their love of life, independence and freedom, liberalism, internationalism, self-determination, and nonconformism. They also protested against the Nazi regime by disobeying curfews at night and dancing while listening to "enemy" radio stations.

# data[].attributes.body
Adults and Jewish swing members were deported to Theresienstadt or concentration camps in Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald, Harzungen, Dora-Mittelbau, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück, Sachsenhausen, or Auschwitz.