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Currently, the Dutch and Indonesians still maintain a positive relationship and some ongoing cooperation despite the past. While the past colonization does influences the relationship of the two countries. They now mainly focusing on building their relationship and strengthening the diplomatic and defense. The relations between the two countries is now seen as vital in addressing regional and global security challenges. This shows that the both countries are on better terms despite the past so this means there are less likely to be in a conflict in the near future.

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While not entirely successful in achieving complete independence from Dutch colonial rule, guerrilla war fare was a key strategy for the Indonesians during the Dutch colonization. Specifically during the Indonesian Revolution (1945-1949). It was a tool for resistance, causing significant challenges for the Dutch, recognition of Indonesian independence. Guerrilla warfare has many advantages. Guerrilla warfare allowed smaller, less experienced, and poorly supplied troops to defeat or severely damage large, experienced, and well supplied enemy troops. This is one of the main reasons why the the Indonesians used this method to win back their independence. Indonesia also isn't the only country using this method to win back their independence. Countries like : Cuba, Vietnam, China, US, Algeria, Zimbabwe and Afghanistan used this method, and has successfully win back their independence and bring peace back to their homeland.

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One of the strategies the Indonesians used to resolve conflict and win back their independence was 'Guerrilla Warfare.' This was used as a crucial tactic to fight back their independence from the Netherlands following WW2. After the Japanese surrendered in 1945, Indonesia declared independence, but the Dutch refused to recognize it leading to a 4 year long conflict. The Indonesians that time were lacking military, and had to rely on 'guerilla' tactics and support the local population to refuse the Dutch forces. They

The first police action that happened in July - August 1947 had succeeded in conquering large parts of Java and Sumatra. The second police action in December 1948 and January 1949 saw the Dutch win still more territory and even captured Yogyakarta, the capital of the Republic.

Guerrilla Warfare is a form of unconventional warfare characterized by small irregular forces using unconventional tactics like ambushes, raids, and hit-and-run attacks against larger, more conventional military forces. The goal is often to disrupt the enemy, inflict casualities, and ultimately wear them down rather than engaging in direct, large-scale battles.

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A resource war is a type of war caused by conflict over resources. In a resource war, there is typically a nation or group that controls the resource and an aggressor that wishes to seize control over said resource. This power dynamic between nations has been a significant underlying factor in conflicts since the late 19th century. Following the rise of industrialization, the amount of raw materials an industrialized nation uses to sustain its activities is heightened.

Illustration of the Chincha Islands of Peru, circa 1859

One of the most prolific examples of resource war in history is the conflict over Chincha Island guano in the late 19th century. The Chincha Islands of Peru are situated off of the southern coast of Peru, where many seabirds were known to roost and prey on fish brought there by the currents of the Pacific Ocean. The guano of these seabirds is incredibly dense in nutrients and became a sought-after resource as a fertilizer. Soil that was nutrient rich allowed for higher crop yields, which subsequently translated to better sustenance of the population and overall improved economic performance. Known colloquially as "white gold", guano from the Chincha Islands began to catch the interest of Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other industrial powers at the time.

The international interest for that resource resulting in a number of conflicts including the Chincha Islands War between Spain and Peru and the War of the Pacific between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Although the primary inciting force of the conflict originated over possession of the nutrient-rich guano, Spain also attempted to exercise prior colonial control over Peru during its aggressions during this conflict. The Chincha Islands guano became a resource of imperialism with foreign nations inciting conflict and establishing dominion over it. In 1856, United States President Franklin Pierce passed the Guano Islands Act with the exclusive purpose of addressing American scarcity over guano. Under the Guano Islands Act, any piece of uninhabited land that harbors a guano deposit could be claimed as a territory of the United States to extract the resource. The legislation acted as a workaround for the United States to access Peruvian seabird guano since direct trade was not an option because of a treaty between Peru and the United Kingdom.

Under the geopolitical lens for interpreting resource wars, the main rationale behind resource conflict is strategic. It assumes that control over the resource provides a particular advantage to that nation and interprets hostile attempts to take over the resource as a means to acquire that advantage for themselves. Resources that are deemed strategic shift over time and pertain to what is required for economic expansion or success at the time. Examples of this include timber during the seventeenth century for naval development or oil during the twentieth century onward for enabling military technology and transportation.

Dr. Thomas Homer-Dixon at an NDP convention in British Columbia, circa 2007

Also known as the environmental scarcity or political economy, the environmental security perspective interprets resource conflict as a response to resource scarcity. A notable proponent of the environmental security perspective is Dr. Thomas Homer-Dixon, a Canadian political scientist and professor at the University of Waterloo. The work of Homer-Dixon focuses on two different phenomena regarding the effect of resources on violent conflict: resource scarcity and resource abundance. Under the environmental security perspective, resource scarcity perpetuates conflict by inciting pressures on a society that is dealing with resource deprivation. According to Homer-Dixon, populations struggling with resource scarcity are also impacted by overpopulation and inequitable resource allocation. Overpopulation and inequitable resource allocation can make resource scarcity even more pronounced, creating a cyclical instability in the society.

Conversely, countries with natural resource abundance are impacted in a different way. Countries that are wealthy in resources have been shown to have disproportionate economic growth, less democracy, and overall insufficient development outcomes. This permeates from an overdependence on their resource from an economic standpoint, where authoritarian traits may begin to take effect. This creates pressure on the citizens as a whole due to undermined governance of the nation and volatile economic state if the resource fluctuates heavily in price. This phenomenon is known as the resource curse.

Conflict resources are natural resources extracted in a conflict zone and sold to perpetuate the fighting. There is both statistical and anecdotal evidence that the presence of precious commodities can prolong conflicts (a " resource curse"). An unfortunate irony is that many countries rich in minerals are impoverished in terms of their capacity for governance. Conflict, corruption and bribery may be seen as the typical costs of doing business. The extraction and sale of blood diamonds, also known as "conflict diamonds", is a better-known phenomenon which occurs under virtually identical conditions. Petroleum can also be a conflict resource. Other commodities are also involved in financing conflict.

The concept of "conflict resource", or "conflict commodity" emerged in the late 1990s, initially in relation to the " blood diamonds" that were financing rebellions in Angola and Sierra Leone. Then "conflict timber" financed hostilities in Cambodia and Liberia.

The concept was first officially discussed by the UN General Assembly in the context of 'conflict diamonds': The UN Security Council has since referred to conflict resources in several resolutions, particularly resolutions 1533 and I698.97.

Since 1996 the Bonn International Center for Conversion has tracked resource governance and conflict intensity by country. Aside from fossil fuels, metals, diamonds, and timber it tracks the governance of other primary goods that might fund conflicts, including: poppy seeds and talc (Afghanistan), rubber (Côte d'Ivoire), cotton (Zambia), and cocoa (Indonesia).

Several countries and organizations, including the United States, European Union, and OECD have designated tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold connected to conflict in the DRC as conflict minerals and legally require companies to report trade or use of conflict minerals as a way to reduce incentives for armed groups to extract and fight over the minerals.

In the 2020s, the concept of conflict minerals was extended to those mined to support conflicts in parts of the world other than where the mining takes place. The Wagner Group has been granted mining rights in the Central African Republic in return for securing the continuity of the government. This "blood gold" is then sold to support Russia in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Wagner also has gold-related operations in Mali and Sudan.

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A resource war is a type of war caused by conflict over resources. In a resource war, there is typically a nation or group that controls the resource and an aggressor that wishes to seize control over said resource. This power dynamic between nations has been a significant underlying factor in conflicts since the late 19th century.

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During the Dutch Colonization of Indonesia, spices like cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon were normally used for trading and profit by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Beyond trade, spices were also used for flavoring, preservation, and medicinal purposes in Europe. Spices added flavors on food, and people believed that spices heal sickness.

During Dutch colonization, rubber in Indonesia was normally used for industrial purposes. In particular, the production of tires and other rubber-based products like shoes and glue. The request for rubber rose with the development of the automobile industry, which was an impactful tool for exporting. Rubber was also used in different mechanical parts and consumer goods, which helped the industrial economy over time.

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The primary source of the conflict was the driving conflict was the control over the valuable resources, such as natural resources, spices, rubber and oil.

Spice was valuable back then because during the early stages of Dutch colonization, spices like nutmeg, cloves, and mace were very valuable in Europe and were a big source of wealth for the VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds). The Dutch fought over to control the trade of these spices, often by force and violence.

Rubber was also valuable back then since rubber became an increasingly valuable commodity as the European industrialization advanced, and the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) became a significant source of rubber plantations.

Oil was also valuable to the Dutch because oil fields were discovered and exploited in Indonesia, especially in the Outer Islands. This resource was important for powering European industry and military, making the Dutch East Indies a strategic target.

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The Dutch colonized Indonesia to control the spice trade, especially in the Maluku Islands, also known as the Spice Islands. The conflict happened because of the desire to colonize the production and trade of spices like nutmeg, cloves, and mace, which were highly valuable in Europe back then. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) used military force and political guiding to begin a monopoly over the spice trade.

Dutch colonialism led to economic exploitation through the removal of resources, forced labor, and the start of trade monopolies. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) played a key role in this, controlling trade routes and exploiting resources in its colonies, primarily in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). This exploitation importantly impacted the economies of the colonized territories, leading to economic hardship and dependence on the Dutch.

During the Dutch Colonization of Indonesia, conflicts over oil included resistance from native groups who was the opposite of Dutch taking an advantage of resources, as well as international competitions, especially with Japan, who wanted Indonesia's oil for their war machine.

During the Dutch Colonization, conflicts were mainly over removing the resources, specifically rubber, where conflicts existed between large colonial farms and smallholder rubber farming. The Dutch focused on making a large, modern estates, while smallholders often worked on existing land, and provided a different model that went over the estate production in certain areas. This made differences in techniques, organization, and environmental impact, contributing to a complex social and economic landscape.