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I believe that migration is where the chain of link begins.

When an individual migrates, they not only come into contact with those from the same or a similar background to them - but also others from different backgrounds/cultures. This can provide a real sense of belonging and maybe comfort, but in the same sense, there can be feelings of alienation and/or distress.

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Identity and Belonging happens when a group of people bond and form a community based on a shared similarity. It could be skin colour, nationality, tastes in music or film etc. In the case of shared traits like race these groups did eventually become nations. The 'Home' is where they congregate and through migration can said people connect in a space that is far from their previous home.

Social justice will always be an important part of this discussion because more often than not these smaller migrated communities face unfair treatment. This makes connectedness and community even more important.

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Grenfell Tower Fire: Criminological View

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Grenfell Tower Fire: Criminological View

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People living in Grenfell (under one of the richest boroughs in London) were not listened to, and ignored for years. Big firms and other people with high status have been able to get away with being prosecuted/held responsible for failures in judgment not doing their job.

In a recent enquiry, some firms did not turn up to 'face the music'.

The positive was that the community all came together, to help one another - Émile Durkheim!

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One of the main safety disciplines that can be of concern is of the lack of safety features implemented into an aging building. For example, a lack of fire extinguishers or lack of resistance that the building had to be able to take control of the fire as well as a lack or fire-proof emergency exits such as stairwells or emergency rooms could of easily of caused for a small electric malfunction turn into a catastrophic massacre.

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Essentially, there was a faulty fridge that exploded and caused a fire in the Grenfell Tower. People on the floors above were told to stay in their apartments and that the issue will be dealt with, however the entire building caught on fire.

From a sociological perspective, there was a culture harm from this event. The people who survived or the families of those who lost their lives were psychologically and physically impacted by it. Therefore causing them to stop seeing people they used to, or they need to relocate. They loose a sense of identity and social capital.

There were also a lot of complaints about the building, and so if it were dealt with and taken more seriously then it could've have been prevented or more lives could have been saved. There might have also been a power difference between the lower class and higher class that lived there.

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Sociology:

Trying to make the poorer building look nicer for the rich area, but not fulfilling the standards like health and safety.

The richer people didn't help the poor after the disaster.

Criminology:

The people who built the building should be prosecuted because the health and safety standards weren't met.

Lack of care for health and safety from the council.

Politics:

John McDonnell chancellor - 'Money over human life' - the council didn't want to pay money to make the building safe for the poor.

Residents raised concerns so were threatened to be thrown out, and no further action was taken.

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From a sociological aspect you can consider weather the inequalities between the rich and the poor played a part in the neglect for concerns that were reported and weather the building would have been in such terrible condition if it had been one of the neighbouring properties. its almost as if it is intentional. And policies are there only to protect those with influence or power. and things are done only considering the interests of those who benefit. The negligence in its self not only puts into question the morals and values of those responsible but also the lack of acknowledgment for what the residents or Grenfell were legally entitled to in order to ensure their safety.

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https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/21/grenfell-resident-who-raised-fire-concerns-labelled-troublemaker-inquiry-told

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A Grenfell Tower resident raised multiple complaints about fire safety in the years before an inferno killed 72 people but the council landlord "stamped on and marginalised" residents' worries, the inquiry into the disaster has been told.

Ed Daffarn, 57, who escaped from the 16th floor eight months after warning on his blog of the risk of a "serious fire in a tower block", said he had raised the need for an evacuation plan, problems with a faulty fire door and changes to floor numbers ordered in the refurbishment, all of which the inquiry has already found led to increased loss of life. However, he said he had been "stigmatised as a troublemaker".

Daffarn was giving evidence in person at the inquiry for the first time, after becoming well known for predicting the disaster on the Grenfell Action blog, which he co-founded to raise resident concerns about the conduct of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (RBKC) and its tenant management organisation (TMO).

It said: "Only an incident that results in serious loss of life of KCTMO residents will allow the external scrutiny to occur that will shine a light on the practices that characterise the malign governance of this non-functioning organisation."

In a 127-page statement, he claimed RBKC and the TMO had treated residents with "hostility", "neglect" and "contempt" and allowed the tower to deteriorate into a "slum-like condition".

He said: "This local authority had a third of a billion pounds in reserves, yet its senior officers appeared to prioritise value for money over respect for the wellbeing of residents and their safety."

The TMO last month told the inquiry it never "adopted a dismissive attitude towards residents or indeed towards their complaints and concerns". It claimed Daffarn advanced "a highly personalised narrative" which only represented a handful of people.

Daffarn's evidence included seven complaints relating to fire safety made before the fire. These included a complaint about a defective door closer on a neighbouring flat about which Daffarn said he had been in effect accused of lying about by Peter Maddison, the TMO's director of assets. The complaint was not upheld and the door remained unfixed. The inquiry has already concluded defective fire doors led to the spread of toxic smoke and gases on the night of the fire.

He raised concerns about the adequacy of "stay put" advice with both the TMO and the London fire brigade (LFB) and eight months before the fire he wrote on his blog: "Anyone who witnessed the recent tower block at Shepherds Court, in nearby Shepherd's Bush, will know that the advice to remain in our properties would have led to certain fatalities and we are calling on our landlord to reconsider the advice that they have so badly circulated."

In a previously unseen email to the LFB in March 2014, raising concerns about fire safety at the block following a major power surge, Daffarn wrote: "Do the TMO officers not realise the danger they are placing themselves and their future liberty in if a serious outbreak of fire should ever occur in Grenfell Tower?"

He also asked where people should muster in the event of a building evacuation but was informed by the LFB there was a stay put policy. This didn't comfort him.

"I had always thought about if there was a gas explosion or something quite catastrophic happening and there was a need to get people out of the building in a quick way," he said. "The stay put policy was never a satisfactory policy for Grenfell Tower. It was a very convenient policy for the TMO because it meant they didn't have to do anything."

The inquiry has already found the failure to scrap the stay put policy earlier on the night of the fire cost numerous lives.

Under cross-examination by counsel to the inquiry, Richard Millett QC, Daffarn said: "Pretty much doing anything with the TMO was a waste of time. They weren't dealing with our concerns ... we didn't have faith in this organisation to respond to our needs."

When asked why he had sometimes used a blog to raise issues rather than always address the landlord bodies, he said he had found that the TMO was more likely to respond to blogposts than private correspondence. "When we blogged, they acted," Daffarn said. "If we didn't blog about it they didn't act."

The inquiry continues.

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Grenfell resident who raised fire concerns labelled troublemaker, inquiry told

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Ed Daffarn complained before the disaster about fire safety flaws but was treated with 'contempt'

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criminology:

the right to adequate housing - Grenfell was not held up to health and safety standards regarding the combustible materials used in the building despite this being acknowledged by the council which not only affected the victims in the fire but also the firefighters who all fell ill due to the inhalation of contaminants. the building and surrounding area were mostly occupied by marginalized groups who suffered due to the council's negligence and suffered after the fire as many were prosecuted for 'everyday' crimes such as having the equipment in their flat to make cannabis oil, whilst no progress was made in the court case of Grenfell towers. this can be seen as state crime and social harm due to how the residents were treated shortly after the fire.

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The crimes that were committed by the government/council that contributed to the cause of the fire. The residents had reported to the council that there were multiple fire risks, that were ignored.

The majority of residents of Grenfell Tower were of ethnic minority backgrounds and working class, which can explain the lack of attention and care for the residents. The residents who did complain were met with threats, lies and negligence.

The fire, which was a result of a faulty fridge, spread from the 4th floor to the 24th floor in less that 30 mins, but the fire was left ablaze for more than 24 hours.

From a criminological view, it was social and state harm that was caused to the residents, as well as mental or physical violence. The responsibility is believed to be on the council, who ignored the complaints. There is also blame on the government who would allocate the funds to the council, but not enough to fix the issues. The more affluent areas of Chelsea/Kensington Borough, where Grenfell Tower was located would not have experienced these same issues

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On the 14th June, 2017 a fire break out in Grenfell tower a 24 storey block of flats in North Kensington London. 72 casualties.

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On the 14th June, 2017 a fire break out in Grenfell tower a 24 storey block of flats in North Kensington London. 72 casualties.

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For some sociologist addressing the incident they looked at how the incident affected individuals living in the community and how it had negative impact in the society.

However, they scrutinise that the incident impact on social factors such as housing policies and procedures, because the policies and procedures has a major impact on housing by the availability, affordability on housing in the society in some areas.

Therefore, linking the housing policies to sociological perspectives ( theory ) on Functionalist theory : it illustrates that society was made of interconnected and to maintain stability which might contribute to function the society.

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From a criminological point of view, the Grenfell Tower incident can be viewed with the idea that the government were at fault. This is due to their gross negligence towards the residents of this estate, for example the building was designed poorly, including: flammable cladding, lack of sprinklers, inadequate smoke ventilation system and broken fire doors. Therefore, the government, more specifically the local council in that area, can be seen as legally liable for the harm caused and the deaths of the 72 residents due to their breach of duty and carelessness towards the upkeep of the building and the lack of care for the people who lived there.

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Political: Immigrants are not supported unless they're useful to the State. The prices for both citizenships and VISAs have increased during the years, especially since BREXIT.

Sociological: Immigration processes are highly biased, especially against non-white people and make it harder to access the State and live normally.

Criminological: Harsh immigration laws force people to violate them and keep the standards of life for immigrants, such as students under VISAs, low (e.g. students under a 3-year student VISA cannot work more than 20 hours a week, or else they'll either be fined or persecuted).