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This model uses an inductive process, in which students seek patterns and use them to identify their broader meanings instead of a deductive process. Working together as a class to recognize objects is a great strategy to help students categorize. In this chapter, it goes into detail about teaching beginning English language learners. Key curriculum and daily instructions are the main discussion in this chapter written by Ferlazzo & Sypnieski on page 51.

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Free Voluntary Reading; Extensive Reading 

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Free Voluntary Reading; Extensive Reading 

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Recreational reading is a fantastic way to elevate student interest in reading while simultaneously increasing literacy skills! Students should be encouraged to read materials of their choice to maximize their interest. Setting goals at the beginning of the school year is an excellent way for students to track their progress, push themselves to improve, and a practice strategy for learners to see how they can individually improve their skills! In this chapter, we discussed the importance of implementing key curriculums and standards which was written by Ferlazzo & Sypnieski on page 165.

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Graphic organizers are an excellent tool for helping English learners organize their thoughts before writing and after reading stories. According to researchers, using materials like Venn diagrams, K-W-L charts, and Word charts stimulates and increases brain activity and encourages a high order of thinking! Implementing these in small groups is an excellent opportunity for higher collaboration with students! Teaching intermediate English language learners was the main topic in this chapter that Ferlazzo & Sypnieski wrote page 208.

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Based on research, four elements were identified that can create an environment where learners' intrinsic motivation thrives! The first element is autonomy, which allows students to feel like they have some control and influence over what they are being taught and how they are learning. Letting students choose between a laptop or pen, different homework options, seating arrangements, topics, or studying chronology. Competence is another element that influences learner's intrinsic motivation, creating a space where students can successfully learn and complete assigned tasks. Relatedness is where learners feel like their work brings them into relationships with people they like and respect. The last element considered in this research was relevance, where students feel that what they are studying is either aligned with their interests or can clearly help them achieve their goals and dreams. This chapter was written by Ferlazzo & Sypnieski, which can be found on pages 270-271.

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Learning by doing is a believed learning method because students will most likely understand by performing and participating in an experience rather than being told about it. Well-structured cooperative learning activities with clear instructions and goals are practical for English language learners. Activities recommended are jigsaws, project-based or problem-based learning, think-pair-share, or partner assignments! This part of the chapter discusses how to support English learners in the classroom with mainstream information written by Ferlazzo & Sypnieski, which can be found on page 272.

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One-pager is an excellent activity for students to demonstrate their understanding of a text or concept. One-pager is a graphic organizer with questions or guides that students can write or draw to demonstrate their understanding of the book. Another way to demonstrate this activity is to have a student read a page and then have them pick out words on the page they found meaningful and why! This chapter focuses on teaching English language learners in particular content areas. Ferlazzo & Sypnieski pg 284.

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Chants and songs that include classroom vocabulary can significantly support English language learners as they learn the English language. Chants and songs are commonly known for tying into units of study or thematic units! This strategy also helps students practice vocabulary, pronunciation, chunks, and even building basic sentences! This chapter focuses on the importance of modeling support and creating opportunities for English language learners. Ferlazzo & Sypnieski pg 353.

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Pulling learners out of mainstream classrooms weekly to help develop their English proficiency! Developing plans daily or weekly for learners can also increase their confidence and sense of belonging since you are creating that individual instruction. This chapter focuses on working with specific groups and creating personal time for English learners. Ferlazzo & Sypnieski pg 343

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Structured conversations are completed with a partner or group of learners. Students are given conversation opportunities that clearly state a purpose and goal. Doing this in class can help students gain confidence and improve their pronunciation of words. Structured conversations are similar to turn and talk, but structured conversations have more clarification on directions for students and deeper conversations! This chapter focuses on creating a space where English language learners are supported and able to improve their language in a classroom, written by Ferlazzo & Sypnieski on page 353.

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Using literature like books or poems to help students understand not every human being will communicate the same way is a great way to implement this in the classroom. Based on people's background, culture, and their experiences, people may communicate in a different form or language. A book I would use as a teacher would be 'I Feel the Music'. This story is about the importance of Music in every human's lives. Music defines all of us based on where we live, our culture, and our experiences. This book helps learners understand that with the influence of those things, we can be different, but at the end of the day, we are all just a bunch of people who all live for music. There are many more books in the African American Literacy; depending on your classroom, you can alter the materials used!

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Ferlazzo, L., & Sypnieski, K. H. (2022). The ESL/ELL teacher’s survival guide ready-to-use strategies, tools, and activities for teaching all levels. John Wiley & Sons.