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Cicero began his public career as an advocate (i.e. arguing cases in court) during a time of civil war: from 88-80 BCE

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Cicero began his public career as an advocate (i.e. arguing cases in court) during a time of civil war: from 88-80 BCE

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In 80 BCE he [successfully] defended Sextius Roscius, bringing him into conflict with members of Sulla’s regime.

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In 80 BCE he [successfully] defended Sextius Roscius, bringing him into conflict with members of Sulla’s regime.

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76 BCE: recently married Terentia, who now gave birth to his daughter Tullia

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76 BCE: recently married Terentia, who now gave birth to his daughter Tullia

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Cicero’s first public office: quaestor (financial official) in 75 BCE

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Cicero’s first public office: quaestor (financial official) in 75 BCE

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Cicero served as quaestor in western Sicily in 75 BC and demonstrated honesty and integrity in his dealings with the inhabitants

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Cicero served as quaestor in western Sicily in 75 BC and demonstrated honesty and integrity in his dealings with the inhabitants

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69: elected aedile, 66: elected praetor (judicial official)

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69: elected aedile, 66: elected praetor (judicial official)

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63 BCE: elected and served as consul (thus earning status of nobility)

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63 BCE: elected and served as consul (thus earning status of nobility)

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Cicero unites the discordant, violently opposed political factions (nobles, popularists) behind his effort to uncover and defeat a serious conspiracy to overthrow the government

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Cicero unites the discordant, violently opposed political factions (nobles, popularists) behind his effort to uncover and defeat a serious conspiracy to overthrow the government

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In 60 BCE, Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Crassus formed a 3-way alliance called “the First Triumvirate"

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In 60 BCE, Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Crassus formed a 3-way alliance called “the First Triumvirate"

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In the 60s and 50s, Cicero faced backlash for his actions from his political enemies

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In the 60s and 50s, Cicero faced backlash for his actions from his political enemies

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58 BCE: his enemy Clodius Pulcher passed a law that got Cicero sent into exile for executing citizens without trial. Clodius razed Cicero’s house and set up a temple to Libertas (liberty) on the site

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58 BCE: his enemy Clodius Pulcher passed a law that got Cicero sent into exile for executing citizens without trial. Clodius razed Cicero’s house and set up a temple to Libertas (liberty) on the site

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In 57 BCE, political conditions changed, and Cicero got recalled from exile

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In 57 BCE, political conditions changed, and Cicero got recalled from exile

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During the 50s, when gang violence and the “First Triumvirate” dominated politics, Cicero was thus respected for his eloquence, but left without real power

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During the 50s, when gang violence and the “First Triumvirate” dominated politics, Cicero was thus respected for his eloquence, but left without real power

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Around 50 BCE, Pompey the Great and Julius Caesar were drifting toward a civil war

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Around 50 BCE, Pompey the Great and Julius Caesar were drifting toward a civil war

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After 49 BCE, Caesar started a civil war that dragged on until about 45 BCE

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After 49 BCE, Caesar started a civil war that dragged on until about 45 BCE

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In the 40s BCE, Cicero divorced his wife Terentia (51 BCE) and then married Publilia, a young women who had been his ward

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In the 40s BCE, Cicero divorced his wife Terentia (51 BCE) and then married Publilia, a young women who had been his ward

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March 15, 44 BCE: Caesar is assassinated. Cicero was not made privy to it, though he was sympathetic to the act.

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March 15, 44 BCE: Caesar is assassinated. Cicero was not made privy to it, though he was sympathetic to the act.

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His last return to the spotlight came, then, in 44-43 BCE as he led the Senate in its support of Brutus and Cassius

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His last return to the spotlight came, then, in 44-43 BCE as he led the Senate in its support of Brutus and Cassius

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Cicero delivered a series of 14 scathing speeches (invectives) against Antony called The Philippics, in 44-43 BCE. Along with his 4 Against Catiline speeches

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Cicero delivered a series of 14 scathing speeches (invectives) against Antony called The Philippics, in 44-43 BCE. Along with his 4 Against Catiline speeches

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In November 43 BCE, Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian formed the “2nd Triumvirate"

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In November 43 BCE, Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian formed the “2nd Triumvirate"

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His head and hands were cut off and placed on the Rostrum (speaker’s platform) in the Forum in Rome at Antony’s behest: a symbol of the ultimate end of free speech, and of the free Roman Republic