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Pterophyllum scalare !!

🐠 Even non-aquarists are likely to identify this tropical fish. The wild type is silver with dark vertical lines and a red eye. The body form is compressed and nearly triangular, with the dorsal and anal fins becoming gradually taller front to back. There are multiple documented mutations in both colour and finnage, allowing for dozens of different domesticated strains.

Kingdom: | Animalia
Phylum: | Chordata
Class: | Actinopterygii
Order: | Cichliformes
Family: | Cichlidae
Tribe: | Heroini
Genus: | Pterophyllum

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Aquarium cleanup before filter, decorations and fish is added 

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Aquarium cleanup before filter, decorations and fish is added 

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You must be wondering how to identify the common freshwater Angel fish right ? Well let's dive into that ! 😉

The identification is as follows:
🐠 They have a compressed body
🐠 The fish's fins are distinguished by visible thread-like filaments from the top and bottom rays of the tailfin.
🐠 First fin ray of dorsal and ventral fins and also the pectoral fins. The long dorsal anal fins spread gracefully.
🐠 The body coloration is silvery with a hint of blue
🐠 The vertical bar's stripe are evenly spaced whihc the first strip should be through the eyes. The second stripe should b across the caudal peduncle and the third stripe continues into the fins
🐠 Angelfish are egg depositor which mean they deposit their eggs and stick them on to plants, or a spawning substrate such ad breeding cone or a slate. Once the female deposit its egg the male will fertilize the eggs.

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During the breeding season, males court females. The eggs are guarded by both male and female.  Throughout the whole brooding cycle, the original pair of parents' relationship is maintained, replete with each partner's defense against aggression or possible rivals.

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Temperature -: 25°C-28°C
pH -: 6.8 – 7.8
GH -: 54-140 ppm
KH -: 54 to 140 ppm
Ammonia -: 0ppm
Nitrite -: 0ppm
Nitrate -: < 40ppm

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Pterophyllum scalare  has a many strains among them are:

Silver Angelfish

vail Angelfish

Black Lace Angelfish

Half-Black Angelfish

Zebra Angelfish

Gold Angelfish

Gold Marble Angelfish

Platinum Angelfish

Pearl scale Angelfish

Blushing Angelfish

Koi Angelfish

Sunset Angelfish

Albino  Angelfish

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To differentiate a female and male Angelfish is quite a challenge however with some sharp observations and patience, we can tell them apart.

The most obvious difference is that we can observe the bump on the forehead of the fish and its Pelvic Fins.

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difference between male female angel fish

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🐠Prepare a tank an clean and wash the tank with chlorinated water and aquarium salt to disinfect any harmful pathogens.
🐠 Make sure that the tank or aquarium that has been chosen is big enough to hold the angelfish pair. The size that recommended is 1x2x1.
🐠 Any filtration can be added into the tank. For this activity we had selected a sponge filter.
🐠 Once all the equipment has been cleaned and disinfected, clean dechlorinated water can be added into the tank.

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🐠 Brood stock was selected and purchased from local fish store.
🐠 The brood stock that has been chosen are Common Angelfish.

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🐠 The fish must be acclimated to ensure that the temperature of the water in the bag is the same as the temperature in the tank as well as the pH of the water.
🐠 The fish been acclimated for 20 minutes and water in the aquarium is added into the bag every 4 minutes interval.
🐠 After 20 minutes the fish was then released into the tank.
🐠 The fish behavior was then monitored to ensure that no abnormality behavior occurs.

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🐠 After the brood stock is comfortable with the water condition in the tank, a slate has been added with a 45 degree angle.
🐠 when they are ready to spawn they will clean the slate and the female angelfish will place/lay its eggs on the slate. Then the male will then fertilize the eggs.
🐠 In Angelfish breeding, it is critical that the slate must be in a 45 degree angle.

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🐠 Feeding was done 2 times a day
🐠 Fish was given 2 types feed which are small pallet and live feed (daphnia)

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🐠 Fish tank is siphoned regularly to ensure waste and uneaten food is cleaned to prevent ammonia spike.
🐠 Filter was also cleaned.
🐠 Water change was done once every week 50 % of water is changed.

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🐠 Angelfish brood stock was in good condition (active)
🐠 They are responsive and are actively feeding
🐠 Feeding was given twice daily morning and in the evening
🐠 Water parameters a in optimal level  (through out week 1)
Ammonia : 0
Nitrite : 0
Nitrate : 0

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🐠 Feeding was given twice daily morning and evening
🐠 Tank was siphoned every evening
🐠 Water change was done on every Friday 50% of the tank water was changed
🐠 Water parameters a in optimal level  (through out week 2)
Ammonia : 0
Nitrite : 0
Nitrate : 0

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Male brood stock died due to the aggressive behavior of female 

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🐠 Female shows aggression and attacked the male.
🐠 Male started not to feed (feed after female is done feeding)
🐠 A few days later male dies.
🐠 Male was then removed and female was moved and placed into the display tank.

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🐠 A new pair of brood stock has been obtained.
🐠 Broodstock was acclimated and realised into the aquarium.
🐠 To prevent stress to fish the aquarium was wrapped with dark colored plastic.
🐠 Fish was observed closely.
🐠 Daily feeding was maintained 2 times a day.
🐠 Water quality was checked once a week.

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Female agression (1st breeding pair)
🐠 Female shows aggression attacked male and died.

🐠 Male died.

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✔New broodstock is purchased
✔ A black plastic is used to cover the aquarium to prevent stress to the brood stock

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🐠The broodstock paired and are swimming together
🐠 Female abdomen is large which indicates that the female is full of eggs

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✔ The theme of this display tank design is "Simplicity" the tank is decorated with artificial grass and rocks to add texture in the aquarium.
✔ Lighting is added to the aquarium.

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✔ The type of filtration that used in this tank is a Gravel filter. The gravel is consist of sand and small pebbles. The sand and gravel act as filtration and also a place for beneficial bacteria to thrive.
✔The tank will get filter through the sand and gravel and back into the tank through a nozzle which cause by air pressure from the aeration. (Can be seen in figure above)

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Carassius auratus !!

🐟 Carassius auratus or commonly known as Gold fish, is the most popular ornamental fish that is kept or culture in the ornamental fish world.
🐟 Gold fish available in different color, shapes, and sizes. The original form of goldfish is known as the common goldfish. But the strain of goldfish that I have chosen is called the "comet" strain.

Phylum: Chordata
Sub-phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Sub-family: Cyprininae
Genus: Carassius
Species: Carassius auratus

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🐟 They have an elongated body.
🐟 Have a long forked caudle fin, a small caudle peduncle, a soft dorsal fin, long anal fin and a wide pectoral fins.
🐟The body coloration are usually orange with a mixture of white coloration.
🐟 Goldfish are omnivorous. They are crazy eater they tend to eat non stop even though that they are full. Being said, we have to monitor the feeding and ensure to give a sufficient amount of feed for them.
🐟 It takes about 1 year for them to sexually mature
🐟They prefer slow moving water. Female are able to spawn few times. Goldfish are egg scattere which they scatter their eggs on to plants or a spawning substrates.

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🐟To avoid brood stock from consuming the eggs, the brood stock should be removed from the tank after the eggs has been laid.
🐟Eggs will hatch approximately around 48 to 72 hours.
🐟It will take around 4 days to a week for the eggs to hatch. 🐟once they are free swimming, the fry are able to start feeding. Fry can be fed with baby brine shrimp, infusoria or any live feed which is suitable with their mouth. Feeding is recommended to feed 2-3 times daily.

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Ammonia-: <0.1 mg/l
Nitrite-: <0.2 mg/l
Nitrate-: <50 mg/l
Water pH-: 6.0-8.0 (tolerance range: 5.0-9.0)
General Hardness (GH)-: 5-19 dGH
Water Temperature-: 60° to 74° F (18-23 0C)

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🐟Most ornamental fish are hard to sex. Goldfish are no different however there are some ways to identify the sex of male and female.

1. For male, breeding tubercles can be seen on the head, operculum and around the eyes. Only male will produce these breeding tubercles.
2. In female the vent will be more protruded
3. Another method is the male will chase the female around
4. Strip the abdomen of the fish if sperm is visible than its male of eggs is visible then it is a female

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Strains of Goldfish-:

• Bubble Eye Goldfish
• Celestial Goldfish
• Red Cap Oranda Goldfish
• Telescope Goldfish
• Veiltail Goldfish
• Black Moor Goldfish
• Red and white fantail goldfish
• Ryukin Goldfish
• Lionhead Goldfish
• Shubunkin Goldfish

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1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well
5. no signs of spawning yet

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1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well
5. Brood stock shows signs of pairing but no signs of spawning yet
6.Water change

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1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6.Water change

# data[].attributes.body
1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6.Water change

# data[].attributes.body
1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6. weekly water change

# data[].attributes.body
1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6. weekly water change

# data[].attributes.body
1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6. weekly water change

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Type of pallet that was given to the broodstock 

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1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6. weekly water change

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Type of water quality tester API Chemical tester 

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1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6. weekly water change

# data[].attributes.body
1. Daily feeding was given 2 time daily
2. Daily siphoned was done
3. monitoring of brood stock to observe any signs of spawning
4. Brood stock in good condition, active and feeding well no signs of infection, disease
5. no signs of spawning yet
6. weekly water change

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1. Brood stock did not spawn throughout the span of culture. Hence no larvae is produced.