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To address these issues we need to raise funding and replace equipment. Healthcare professionals will have mandatory bias training and testing. Free training and information on healthcare policies.

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I learned about unconscious biases, how black people low trust in healthcare comes from history, and structural racism is the root cause of many issues in the healthcare system.

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Unconscious bias affects diagnosis and treatment. Black patients do not receive the same care as their white counterparts. Black patients are misdiagnosed more than any other race in American due to misinformation like “black people have a higher pain tolerance”. Lack of insurance also contributes to this problem because without insurance you are not a priority.

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https://youtu.be/VzyjDR_AWzE?si=QgrcVbJ4c82zaCUH 
It helped me understand better because he explained no matter the bias in healthcare and sometimes it doesn’t matter how successful you are or your money.

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The outcomes of institutionally racist policy choices are being limited to quality health care, healthcare facilities in low income areas have far less funding and access to up to date medical equipment. Low income area are prone to chronic illness due to poor practice and/or no access at all.

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How racism makes us sick | David R. Williams

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.WIkNT4mg
To address these issues we need to raise funding and replace equipment. Healthcare professionals will have mandatory bias training and testing. Free training and information on healthcare policies.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.jfMGOEIE
Unconscious bias affects diagnosis and treatment. Black patients do not receive the same care as their white counterparts. Black patients are misdiagnosed more than any other race in American due to misinformation like “black people have a higher pain tolerance”. Lack of insurance also contributes to this problem because without insurance you are not a priority.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.wQGPZBdk
The outcomes of institutionally racist policy choices are being limited to quality health care, healthcare facilities in low income areas have far less funding and access to up to date medical equipment. Low income area are prone to chronic illness due to poor practice and/or no access at all.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.2vDKCLTU
The Washington Post article about Beyoncé and Serena Williams’ childbirth complications. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WbhSCHDBPdWZ3g7YMhf8MFggXYS1pkPO/view?usp=sharing It makes the issue really real. Seeing two famous Black women almost die in childbirth shows that racism in healthcare affects everyone, not just people with limited access. Their stories help explain how bias and dismissing women’s concerns can become life threatening. especially experienced it myself when having my child.

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Doctors need to listen and respond faster when Black women say something is wrong. Bias training so medical staff recognize and correct the stereotypes they may not even know they have. More Black doctors, midwives, and doulas to help women feel understood and supported. More monitoring for conditions like preeclampsia, since it shows up a lot in Black pregnancies. Better hospital policies, so everyone gets the same level of care every time.

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I was surprised by how even celebrities who have the best doctors still struggle to be taken seriously. It showed me how deep the bias goes in the healthcare system. I also learned how important it is for Black women to be listened to during pregnancy because ignoring symptoms can literally be the difference between life and death.

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Doctors not listening. If symptoms are ignored, problems get way worse.
More pregnancy complications like preeclampsia (which Beyoncé had). If it’s not caught early, it’s dangerous.
Stress from racism which affects the body and can make pregnancy harder.
Unequal access to care, especially high quality hospitals and specialists. Bias in the medical system, which creates delays and poor treatment. Serena Williams had to literally argue with hospital staff to get the tests she needed. That says a lot about the system Black women face.

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Black women’s pain isn’t taken as seriously in hospitals. There are still old stereotypes in the medical field that say Black women can handle more pain, which isn’t true at all. Because of this, doctors sometimes ignore their symptoms or don’t give them medication as quickly.
Both Beyoncé and Serena Williams talked about how their concerns were brushed off even though they were having serious complications. If women as famous and wealthy as them can barely get listened to, it shows how big the problem really is.

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Beyoncé, Serena Williams open up about potentially fatal childbirths, a problem especially for black mothers - The Washington Post.pdf

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12.5 Padlet Discussion: Religion and Spirituality

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12.5 Padlet Discussion: Religion and Spirituality

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Younger African Americans adults tend to not follow traditional, although they still pray millennials are evolving their spiritual beliefs. Millennials see church as a institution and are looking for individuality, they are mixing religion with new knowledge.

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There are 75% of African Americans finds religion to be important and attend church. 79% of African Americans identities as Christian. Most African Americans that aren’t religious 90% believes in God and 54% prays every once in a while. African Americans use religion as an extra shield from reality. When they feel like thy have a guide they feel safer.

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Church has a positive impact by providing social and community support giving a sense of belonging while is good for self esteem. Church also teaches coping skills and confidence which is good for mental health. But it can become an addiction like anything else. 

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Title: Faith and Religion Among Black Americans (Pew Research Center)
Link: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/02/16/faith-among-black-americans/  

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Code switching is when one switch between languages depending on surroundings. Most African Americans use AAVE depending on environment like home, community, school, which is typically taught from a young age as a first language. Society does not see AAVE as a language but as broken English and also might be seen as disrespectful. African Americans are taught in certain environments proper English is to be used like in the workplace, and when speaking to someone with authority. Because AAVE is portrayed as broken English it makes moving through society hard because one would be portrayed in a certain way like ignorant or knowledgeable.

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A great strategy to combat the misconception of code switching is to educate and create safe spaces. Teaching others about the culture and the language and where it originated from and how it made it to this point. Create spaces where people can speak freely and not be judged based upon language and/or the way of speaking.

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One thing that I learned or never thought about until today is that code switching can be used as a coping mechanism and it made me think of myself and I realize I do it without thinking about it anymore.

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Code switching can cause exhaustion from using the second language (proper English) majority of the time, one may have to practice and focus on the way they speak to make sure they are speaking correctly. Code switching can also cause confusion with identity, and cause low self esteem.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dJuRdpeY
Code switching threatens diversity by suppressing original language. Eventually the original language will no longer exist due to one no longer speaking the language majority of the time anymore due to professional standards and environment, one will no longer teach original language to children which would lead to future generations not knowing their cultural language. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.oWUfCgQI
The source is from the show big mouth, it’s funny but it’s definitely a great explanation as to what code switching is. What stuck out to me is him explaining how it can be used as a defense mechanism.

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The stigma against lgbtq comes from history of disapproval. Most black peoples are religious and most religious state that it’s a sin to like or engage with the same sex. Parents and members of the lgbtq community are afraid of judgement and ridiculing.

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This long standing stereotype has a negative effect and it starts from a young age from hearing the song and understanding what they are saying, to watch the video and see this beautiful lady and she looks like she enjoying herself. It brainwashes women into thinking these actions are normal, making women numb to disrespect, and/or insecure. Brainwashed to look for and looking like the image we’ve been shown since a child.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.jtkOiuWU
I learned that majority of black relationships issues come from systematic, cultural and social differences. History, gender roles, and community culture, can determines how black relationships are established. Which helped me understand why we seem to love each other but also feel like we’re in a gender war.

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What’s contributing to the rise is that black women are putting their careers first and seeing marriage and kids as a distraction. There are also more black women than men and women are less likely to date outside their race while black males are more likely too. So black women doesn’t have many options.

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https://www.npr.org/2009/09/04/112550626/black-women-successful-and-still-unmarried helped me understand the disconnect between black men and women and why women are choosing independence or marriage.

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Other issues in this theme that affect African Americans is health care. We can’t trust our physicians because we are always questioning as if we can be trusted for example “ are you sure you’re in a lot of pain?”. African American women alone are less likely to be heard especially during childbirth. African American men mental health isn’t taken seriously and will later be diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia due to behaviors.

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The only way to fix this problem is by teaching. Educating the offender on the problem at hand and teaching them the history of African Americans, culture and background. Teach them them the meaning of biases. While we all relearn empathy.

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I think most African Americans try to not think about it until it’s in their face, but the ones that are in the mist of it or dwelling on feels useless, shameful, doubt because being for centuries African American weren’t allowed to speak or stand up for themselves. Holding on to the negativity behind it could cause so much mental damage.

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The consequences of experiencing subconscious racial slights as a person of color are anxiety, depression, low self esteem and self worth, possibly ptsd, due to the slight differences in treatment from others.

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One thing I have learned from this unit is we all have unconscious biases and that our brain does it on autopilot and it isn’t always intentional.

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I remember being in English class in the 9th grade and I was responding to something my teacher said as she was teaching the class, after I was done speaking she responded to me and said “wow you speak so well, where are you from?”. I was born and raised in Compton where I also attended school. I’ve also been told I’m a pretty black girl and they never found black girls attractive.

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Kimberle Crenshaw Ted talk helped me understand so clearly ( The Urgency of Intersectionality). She showed me how racism can be hid in plain sight when she told the story of the the lady not being hired because she was black and a woman and what was pointed is the only black people that worked there were men and for the position she applied for were all whites women. (Kimberle Crenshaw) https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-the-urgency-of-intersectionality/

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The Urgency of Intersectionality: TED talk by Kimberlé Crenshaw

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The Commons is an online library for the change makers of the world and for those interested in social change, activism, organising, advocacy and justice.

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To improve the workplace for African American women is to teach culture practices and acceptance. African American history should be a training course. Listen to African Americans and try to understand their concerns, try to understand what African American women is going through and have went through and try to improve so the workforce will improve.

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I learned about imposter syndrome, I never knew there was a word for that experience. It brung me back to how I was treated in how school.

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An experience among African Americans that causes them doubt their skills and success, having to work harder than the average person to prove their worth. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.LQmW9DME
Imposter syndrome affects African American women in the workplace by causing low self esteem and self doubt which could lead to different personality traits like over working themselves, becoming a perfectionist, feeling guilty it not hitting goals, and refusing to ask for any help at all.

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Imposter syndrome affects students by causing doubt, uncertainty, and low self esteem. Which would follow into adulthood and career force.

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Race and gender plays into African American women’s experience by discrimination. African American women are at the bottom of the list. They are the most under paid under caucasian male and women, then black males, then black women. It’s almost impossible to move up in your career as an African American woman especially if you have other races and genders in composition with you. Currently in the U.S. 300,000 African American women are out of job right now. “That's one of the factors behind more than 300,000 thousand Black women leaving the workforce between February and April — corporate America's retreat from DEI, or Diversity, Equity and Inclusion.” (Retreat from DEI, CBS NEWS)

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Why are so many Black women losing their jobs? An expert blames three factors.

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An expert points to three main factors and explains why the Black women unemployment rate is a warning sign.

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1. Introduction Paragraph: Definition of Race

1. Introduction Statement: I grew up an African American female in the city of Compton.

2. Is race biological or social?: I believe race is a social construct because despite the color of the skin, facial features, or characteristics, race is taught, with no biological meaning nor is it inherent.

2. Body Paragraph 1: Self-Assessments/Scores/Analysis

1. Main point 1: The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure

1. Supporting Detail: My score is 46 meaning I take pride in the ethnic background and groups.

2. Main point 2:Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale

1. Supporting Detail: My score is 25 which indicates I have high self esteem.

3. Body Paragraph 2: Summary of Stages of Racial Identity Development & Life Examples

1. Main point 1:I am past the PRE-ENCOUNTER, ENCOUNTER, and the IMMERSION/EMERSION faze.

1. Supporting Detail: I believe those are the understandings and getting to know yourself stages.

2. Main point 2: I am currently in my INTERNALIZATION stage.

1. Supporting Detail: Internalization shows confidence and you know who you are.

4. Body Paragraph 3: Post Racial Society Critical Analysis

1. Main point 1:I do not we live in a post racial society.

1. Supporting Detail: I do not feel we live in a post-racial society because racism is built into the system.

2. Main point 2: There are still no equal rights for African Americans.

1. Supporting Detail:As long as African Americans have to continue to fight for rights that are just giving to others and not treating as equal racism will live forever.

5. Conclusion Paragraph

1. Summary statement: Some may say race is defined by where you are, time period, or even who you ask.

2. Closing Statement: race is a social construct and some may even say it’s biological “However, as scientific understandings of biological race progressed, it became clear that these categorizations don’t accurately describe the diversity of our human species. Instead, we now recognize that our societies define the concept of race in humans (i.e., race is socially defined). “  (The difference between biological race and socially defined race https://www.labxchange.org//library/items/lb:LabXchange:0939e512:html:1?t=de305b9f-96b4-4e0c-b28c-9f25f08a8d47)

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Why Is It So Hard To Define Race In Humans?

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What is your definition of race? How do people around you define race? In this text, we present some of the reasons why...

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What I think makes black families unique is how they were purposely mistreated since slavery and instead of giving up as time went on they adjusted to make sure they were safe even if that meant 

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I didn’t know African Americans had a significant role in the great migration. Now I understand why most African Americans are from the south no matter what part of America they are currently in.

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https://www.npr.org/2010/02/11/123608207/slave-marriages-families-were-often-shattered-by-auction-block “ Well, I think they were able to develop that concept in part because of their traditions from West Africa, but also from the importance of the family”( Hunter).   this point validates my thoughts on African Americans adaptation and adjusting. “You know, basically, slavery really complicated family relationships in ways that took many decades for them to recover.” (Hunter) Still today African Americans are being affected from slavery.” Well, I think we need to know that African-Americans actually did value marriage.”( Hunter) This stood out to me because in this day and age it almost seems like no one wants to be married.

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Based on the reading the factors I think impacted black families the most is families during enslavement because African Americans are still affected by it today. A lot of our characteristics unconsciously come from when they were enslaved. For example they used whipping as a way to discipline their children, just like the slave master. Fathers no longer have the fighting need to in their children lives because they were trained when they were being separated from their families.

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Strengths in the black family is resilience, African Americans try hard to stay above water and even harder to get ahead. With the oppression placed upon African Americans families for centuries, each generation gets smarter while learning from past mistakes. The weakness in African American families is not holding each other accountable. There aren’t many positive role models and the time isn’t being taking to teach the younger generation about positive role models that we do know of. We have to teach them that being a product of your environment isn’t the only option 

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It has a positive affect on both parents and children. It gives children a sense of self confidence and they perform better in school. For the parents it also gives them a sense of confidence in their children to know they can handle themselves and understand who they are. “Racial socialization is linked to positive youth development and well-being, includ ing higher competence, connection, and confidence (Evans, Simons, & Simons, 2012). “ “Youth who report more racial socialization have more confidence in academic achieve ment, higher racial identity, and higher self-esteem. Racial socialization provides  youth not only with awareness of racism but also with coping mechanisms for dealing  with racism (Dunbar et al., 2017; Neblett, Rivas-Drake, Umaña-Taylor, 2012). “

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(Warning) David Banner Wisdom "Knowledge is Money & Power"

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I learned that there were multiple names for different types of racism. I didn’t know there were specific titles for different forms of racism.

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Me being apart of the African American community I’ve seen most of these types of racism but the one I’m most familiar with is institutional racism. Based on the definition I believe the best example for institutional racism is when DEI was no longer enforced and targeted took down all of their African American retailers off the shelves (it was soon put back after being boycotted). I’ve seen structural racism and I feel like an example of that is school in minority communities, they rarely have extra curricular activities like swim, sports other than basketball and football. It’s almost like instead of preparing them for the world they are only preparing them for two things job or jail instead of life.

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Race is apart of your identity here in America. I do think race is a social construct because no one should be excluded, included, or just solely judged and categorized by race. However I do believe race is important in certain situations like health and understanding that African Americans health conditions may not be normal for other races.

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 I agree with the video I have linked because race is a social construct that was created to determine where you will be on the ladder, or what side of the redlining will you be on.

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No I do not feel we live in a post-racial society because racism is built into the system. As long as African Americans have to continue to fight for rights that are just giving to others and not treating as equal racism will live forever.

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Race is A Social Construct. Here’s That Really Means.

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3.4 Three Self-Assessments, Racial Identity Development and Identity Resource

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3.4 Three Self-Assessments, Racial Identity Development and Identity Resource

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I identify with behavioral measures because of music, friendships, food, and religious activities. Those have always been my favorite things to enjoy alone and bond with my community. Typically everyone around me listens to the same type of genre of music as me and it resonates because African Americans are so versatile. Food and church brung the community closer which I always got my friends involved. 

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My Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure score is 38.        To me this score means that I love who I am and where I come from.    I think that this means that I have a strong bond with the black community because I love who I am and I’m willing to stand beside the people that look like me and correct them in private if I need to.       What surprised me about this analysis is it showed me how much I actually love my people. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.CHXfUGgA
I believe I am in my encounter stage.          I am in the Emersion stage and I think I been here awhile because in 2012 I lost my friend Travon Martin due to racial injustice and in 2014 I lost my brother in-law to police brutality. No matter how we present ourselves they see us as dangerous.        I know I passed through the previous stages because I don’t believe in everything that is taught in western culture I do not believe men are above women or one race is better. I’m no longer angry about it but I came to terms to except what I can’t change and change what I can’t except and I rather stay with my people and work with them to rise.   I learned there are stages for what I’ve been trying to explain but didn’t have the words for. 

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Real and aspired self-concept, value preferences, role models, own group affiliations is what resonates with me the most when it comes to subject measures because being yourself, confident and valuing who you are as a person is key. That’s why I feel when need more role models that come from where we come from and to pull them from the gang life and build their own group’s teachings young people how to live as adults successfully.

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My score was 27. The highest score level that they have is 25 so it showed me I have high self esteem. I believe my score is what it is because I’m confident. I believe I can do anything I put my mind to and I’m very strong minded.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.fJtuxejc
https://nmaahc.si.edu/sites/default/files/downloads/resources/racial_identity.pdf https://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/2143#:~:text=At%20the%20beginning%20of%20this,prominently%20employed%20by%20Alcoholics%20Anonymous.    The serenity prayer is use a lot in the black community to help keep us going.        

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Situations-contextual stood out to me the most because home-family, education, work, and spirituality. Those are the most important things in life to me. I didn’t realize how important family was until I had a child of my own and nothing is more important than her. Education and work goes hand and hand a great education is needed in order to get a decent job especially in this economy. I personally grew up religious but I’m teaching my daughter spirituality because I want her to make her own choices while understanding that there is always something greater.

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Within the category of Natal Measures, I chose birthplace, siblings, parents and grandparents because they are the most influential to my upbringing and who I am today. My mom and grandmas made sure I had a strong mind as a woman and to never let anyone bully or use me. By them teaching me that I enforce the same with my siblings and when they can’t for themselves I’ll do it for them. My birthplace gave me my surroundings and maid my community my home. 

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The word that resonates with me and have seen in the African American community is Imani. Imani means faith. Faith is major in the African American community especially if you’re religious, the first thing that came to mind is “walk by faith not by sight” 2 Corinthian 5:7. Christianity is huge within the African American community and it’s encouraged to have faith in God which mean to believe without question. This has been practiced for centuries. 

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What does it mean to walk by faith not by sight? | 412teens.org

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THEME 2: 7 Concepts of Afrocentric Psychology

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THEME 2: 7 Concepts of Afrocentric Psychology

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.41n7wwpE
Veneration of the Person: value of all life     I know I pick the same one for both because just as I feel like we value our life’s and over come a lot of obstacles and and force others to respect us etc. we as a community only enforce our beliefs, boundaries, and respect on outsiders. We don’t hold each other accountable but we also don’t respect each other like we should and that goes for all age groups. We still have gangs and conflicting harm on one another while also encouraging the lifestyle on younger generations. We have elders judging and criticizing the younger generation instead of respecting them while also giving them knowledge. We would rather stand on street codes or “that’s your family “ instead of correcting ourselves and enlightening others.

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Veneration of the person- value of all life   I believe veneration of the person is present in the African American community because it may not always seem like it but we do value our life especially when it comes to outsider trying to interrupt that. We have some of the smartest most talented people in the world within our community like Benjamin Banneker which is one of the smartest mathematicians, to Micheal Jackson one of the biggest pop stars if not the biggest to live. We our big on respect not only for ourselves but especially for our elders. We over come a lot of obstacles from a young age until adulthood that most people will never experience, from getting your name pronounced wrong to not getting your dream job because of your name. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.S-pvDDZ4
No it has not changed my worldview because although the Ubuntu spirit is common and enforced with that culture by kids to adults. It’s was once a common practice for African Americans to take care of one another with respect, gratitude, kindness, compassion and integrity. “It takes a village “wasn’t just a phrase back in the day grandma either watched all the kids if she needed to or it was a lady that lived on the block that would watch your kids and feed them for little to nothing. Almost anyone was able to discipline your child due to us trusting each other to do right by one another. As time went on we as African Americans stop trusting each other as much and gravitated away from common tradition even though we still benefit from it we just don’t want to contribute to it. We no longer like helping one another but want to be better than them. There are still a few who contribute to the Ubuntu spirit and that’s how others are still benefiting from it, so I still have hope.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.rXdVedPo
I personally do believe that the spirit of Ubuntu is still alive. Although the spirit doesn’t have as big of an impact and not enforced as often as it was back in the day. The reason I believe that is because we tend to take care of our own. African Americans will give our fellow homeless African American brothers or sisters money and/or support before we would do it for anyone else. Most African American women will give you a plate of food if you just ask. The perfect example of an African American woman and how she loves with no conditions is this woman named Ms. Shirley. Ms. Shirley lost her child and decided she was going to release her anger by giving more love.

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do you think someone who has a negative view of their sense of self can have a positive sense of ethnic identity? My answer is yes, although we’re the same race we all don’t necessarily have the same upbringing, understanding of life, or outside/inside view. One could dislike who they are as a person but love the black community, and a lot of different factors contribute to that, for example mental health can play a part, trauma, and simply not knowing who you are or who you want to be as a person.

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I believe most will have a stronger sense of self because it’ll help us understand who we are and also show that we’re not alone in the experience. On the other hand one that will feel weaker I feel it would be because they had a strong belief or idea and made that belief a characteristic trait, almost like believing in something to all of a sudden hear it’s a lie.

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Theme 2: First Experience With Race Activity

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Honestly my worldview is there’s no other people like my people and we can understand our struggles.

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Still til this day I hate feeling left out or purposely excluded but as an adult I know now that I create my own experiences 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qwgW2h1I
My first experience with race was in elementary school, all my friends at the time was Hispanic. This one girl in particular walked to me and simply said I don’t want to be your friend because you’re black and told everyone else not to be friend and they listened.

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Yes multiple times to multiple people just to see if anyone has had the same experience as me.

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Who am I

Shamina Tatum, I’m 31 years old. I’m from Compton CA. I have a 7 year old daughter and 6 siblings from both my mom and daddy side. I’m the oldest and I’m also the first child and grandchild.

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People think I’m the person I pretend to be. They think I’m strong resilient, happy, social butterfly. They think I have unlimited money and I don’t have serious issues of my own.

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I pretend to be a mentally, emotionally, and physically stable. I cope, adjust, and mend to any situation. I hide behind a smile at all times so no one would even think to ask am I okay. I pretend to be extremely happy all the time. You’ll never hear me complain about any situation because I hate the thought of someone seeing me as a victim at any capacity. I pretend to be an extrovert so I don’t make others feel uncomfortable around me

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It plays a role with feeling like I have to keep up with my community and culture and in my generation having money and the nicest things in life because it’s frowned upon to be broke or less fortunate or even just enough money to live isn’t enough.