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New Orleans was not founded until 1718, but in the 1600s, France began exploring and claiming land in the Mississippi River region. These early French explorations set the stage for New Orleans to become an important port and trade center later on.

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Long Island was explored by Europeans in the early 1600s and was originally home to Native American groups. The Dutch and later the English settled there, using it for farming, trade, and as part of their growing colonies.

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Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607. The settlers wanted to find gold and new resources, but they struggled with disease, hunger, and conflicts with Native Americans.

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Charleston, South Carolina, was founded in 1670 as an important port city for trade. Europeans settled there to grow crops like rice and tobacco, often relying on enslaved Native Americans and Africans to work the land.

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UNIT 2 AMERICAN REVOLUTION: Lexington, MA 

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UNIT 2 AMERICAN REVOLUTION: Lexington, MA 

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The Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775 marked the official start of the American Revolution, as colonial militias clashed with British troops. These confrontations showed that colonists were willing to fight for their rights, sparking the war for independence.

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The Battle of Yorktown in Virginia (1781) was the last major battle of the American Revolution, where American and French forces trapped the British army. The British surrender there forced Britain to begin peace negotiations, leading to American independence.

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The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was a turning point in the American Revolution, as the American victory convinced France to officially ally with the colonies. This support provided crucial military aid and boosted morale for the fight for independence.

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Missouri played a pivotal role in the early republic as the center of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which aimed to balance the interests of slave and free states during a period of rapid expansion. This compromise highlighted the growing sectional tensions over slavery, setting the stage for future conflicts that would eventually lead to the Civil War.

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Maine was significant in the early republic as it was part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, admitted as a free state to maintain the balance between slave and free states. This inclusion underscored the ongoing debate over slavery and contributed to the political dynamics of the time, influencing future legislative and sectional conflicts.

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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 established a boundary line at latitude 36°30' that determined the status of slavery in newly admitted states, allowing slavery in territories south of the line and prohibiting it north of the line. This compromise was significant for the early republic as it highlighted the growing sectional tensions between the North and South, setting the stage for future conflicts over slavery that would ultimately lead to the Civil War.

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Missouri played a crucial role in the early republic by becoming a focal point for the national debate over slavery. Its admission as a slave state in 1821, alongside Maine as a free state, marked the first significant legislative effort to balance power between free and slave states, illustrating the deepening sectional divides that would shape U.S. politics and society in the years leading up to the Civil War.

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The Louisiana Territory, acquired through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, covered a vast area that included parts or all of modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Louisiana. This expansive region was crucial for westward expansion and became a focal point for debates over slavery, particularly during the Missouri Compromise, highlighting the growing sectional tensions in the early republic.

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The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, was a transformative infrastructure project that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, facilitating trade and transportation between the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes. It significantly boosted New York's economy, reduced transportation costs, and encouraged westward expansion, playing a key role in the development of the Midwest and the rise of New York City as a commercial hub.

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These states remained loyal to the Union but permitted slavery, playing a crucial role in the Civil War.

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The first battle of the Civil War occurred on April 12, 1861, marking the beginning of open conflict between the North and South.

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Fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, this pivotal battle was a major turning point in the war, resulting in a significant Union victory.

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A series of violent confrontations from 1854 to 1859 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions reflected the intense national conflict over slavery.

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In 1898, a violent coup overthrew the local government, marking a significant moment in the struggle for civil rights and the end of Reconstruction efforts.

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A national historic site commemorating the completion of the first transcontinental railroad, linking the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads.

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A place in the New York Harbor that served as the main point of entry for immigrants to the United States from 1892 to 1954.

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An industrial disaster in the city of New York, causing the death of 146 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths.

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Annexed in 1898, Hawaii became a key strategic military and economic base for the United States in the Pacific, marking its growing influence as an imperial power.

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Acquired from Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American War, the Philippines exemplified American imperialism and the nation’s expansion into Asia.

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Acquired in 1898 during the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico served as a significant territorial acquisition, showcasing America's emergence as a colonial power in the Caribbean.

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Purchased from Russia in 1867, Alaska provided vast natural resources and strategic military advantages, underscoring America's territorial expansion prior to its global rise.

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The attack on this naval base in 1941 by Japan propelled the United States into WWII, solidifying its status as a global military power.

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The D-Day invasion in 1944 marked a pivotal moment in WWII, highlighting America's role as a leading force in the Allied efforts to defeat the Axis powers.

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The 1945 Battle of Okinawa was one of the bloodiest conflicts in the Pacific during WWII, illustrating America’s determination to defeat Japan and paving the way for its post-war dominance.

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The dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945 not only resulted in immense destruction but also established the United States as a superpower in the post-war world.

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Berlin was a focal point of the Cold War, divided into East and West after World War II. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, symbolized the divide between communist and democratic ideologies.

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Vietnam was the site of a major conflict during the Cold War, as the U.S. fought to stop the spread of communism. The Vietnam War (1955-1975) became a significant event in U.S. history, leading to widespread protests.

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Cuba was involved in the Cold War mainly due to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The crisis brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war over Soviet missiles placed on the island.

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Turkey was significant during the Cold War as a NATO member and a buffer against Soviet expansion. The U.S. placed nuclear missiles in Turkey, which heightened tensions with the Soviet Union.

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Inchon was the site of a crucial amphibious invasion during the Korean War in 1950. This location highlighted the U.S. commitment to containing communism in Asia, as North Korea attempted to spread it to the South.

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The terrorist attacks when hijacked airplanes were crashed into the World Trade Center towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., leading to widespread loss of life and initiating the War on Terror.

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An international treaty aimed at protecting the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of substances responsible for ozone depletion, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

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An international agreement establishing targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with the aim of mitigating climate change; it was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005.

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The U.S. naval base in Cuba that gained international attention for its use as a detention facility for individuals captured in the War on Terror, particularly after the September 11 attacks.

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An Islamist militant group that gained control of Afghanistan in the 1990s, enforcing a strict interpretation of Islamic law, and became a focal point in the War on Terror following their association with Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda.