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Is there an end of the world?

Eschatology - the part of theology concerned with death, judgement, and the final destiny of the soul and of humankind (Oxford Languages).

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Saṁsāra: In Sanskrit can be interpreted as cyclic change.

Depicts an endless cycle of birth and death of people, the world, and the universe, with no defined beginning or end (King, 1986).

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Karma, also understood as "action", is a fundamental concept that can be used to gain insight into the rise and fall of kingdoms, the occurrence of natural disasters, and deadly plagues.

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Actions - Thoughts, speech, physical action

Good karma - accumulated through virtuous actions

Bad karma - accumulated through vicious or ill-intended actions

The state of the universe, including the earth and the heavens is determined by the conduct of living beings (King, 1986).

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The Dark Ages, which followed the fall of the Roman Empire

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Application: The Rise and Fall of Civilizations

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Application: The Rise and Fall of Civilizations

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The Byzantine Empire, in a period of prosperity

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Application: The Rise and Fall of Civilizations

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Application: The Rise and Fall of Civilizations

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It is believed that the universe exists in the context of endless cycles of destruction (non-manifestation) and renewal (manifestation).

Progress (Walls, 2007):

Long lifespans (up to 80,000 years).

Periods of prosperity, peace, abundance.

Decline (Walls, 2007):

Shortened lifespans (up to 10 years).

Social conflict, plagues, natural disasters, inequality.

Amendments made due to sinfulness.

Question: Are we currently in a period of progress or decline?

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Jerry L. Walls. (2007). The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology.

https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170498.001.0001

Winston L. King. (1986). Eschatology: Christian and Buddhist

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-721X(86)80005-7