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I am taking this class, because it is a needed pre req that I have to complete in order to apply for a dental hygiene program that I plan on pursuing.

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The first thing I remember buying would be a luxury perfume bottle that I had been wanting for a very long time. I remember I had gotten my first paycheck from a retail job I was working in the mall at the age of 17. Once I cashed out my check I remember going to the store and being so excited. I felt a sense of growing up knowing I can finally buy the things that I desire. Especially because I wasn't used to it. The perfume bottle lasted me a good year and I sprayed it every day before going to work. I think social pressure did have a role to play in this purchase. It was a Chanel perfume, which is a known designer brand, that everyone my age was talking about either at work, school, or even withing my family. It was at the time a trendy item, that everyone wanted but I believe social pressure was also applied to everyone else my age. These types of items stem from celebrities or famous people having them and seeing them posting about it on social media, influences everyone else to also want it .

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Coming from someone who works at a dental office I found this chapter really interesting regarding they're "Holy Mouth Men" that is basically a dentist. It mentions that they go to this doctor once or twice a year. These practitioners have unbelievable instruments they use to enlarge the holes that cavities may have created, along with torturing the patient with pain. I found it strange that they do the opposite of what we do to patients at work. We close, medicate, and treat the decay all while trying to minimize any type of pain for them.

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This chapter talks about how we can communicate without even having to speak or say a word. All you need to do is read and understand body language. An example in my life would be when I go to the public gym down the street from my house. Everyone is blasting they're own music in their headphones, in their own world. Since the gym is public, the equipment needs to be shared. I have learned that going to the gym, people out of respect use body language to communicate with you to not interrupt your workout. For example, I would get a 20lb dumbbell do an exercise with it and realize I can go a little heavier, so I put the 20lb weight to the side of me and go grab a 30lb dumbbell. Someone that wants to use that 20lb but is unsure if I'm still using it will then make eye contact with me, point to the weight, and put up a thumbs up and nod. Indicating that they are asking if it's okay to take. You can also see they're face expressions as well. This is all body language we don't even say a word, but I know exactly what they were asking. This kind of communication happens daily in our lives, and we don't even realize it .

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A food that serves as a totem in my life would be corn. It holds a lot of meaning in Hispanic culture, because corn is used to make many of our traditional foods such as pozole, tortillas, and tamales. Viewing this food through the lens of commodity fetishism makes me think about the migrant farmworkers who often work in rough environmental conditions and often lack labor right protection. I believe looking at it from this perspective shows that its low economic value can hide all the human labor that goes into producing this food. It really goes unnoticed.

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In this chapter, Clark explores the concept and meaning of sympathy. He states that within our society, sympathy operates through two main roles: the sympathizer and the sympathize. One thing I did agree with in this chapter was Clark's input on how sympathy has its limits and boundaries. No one wants to receive insincere sympathy. In my opinion I feel like many people use sympathy selfishly and use it to their advantage to almost manipulate others. Despite this, it's always important to recognize and return genuine sympathy.

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I've always loved going to coffee shops to hang out with friends, do homework, or to just order an iced coffee and relax. I'm a super observant person. Sometimes when I go alone it can be intimidating at first. A coffee shop is filled with good refreshing energy. Stanger's do talk to each other. I've noticed it's a place that almost everyone is nice to everyone. People make conversations with you, or at least smile at you. Some coffee shops that I use to go to but no longer do seem that they welcomed and catered more to the middle-aged white men and women more than anyone else. It was very obvious from the way they would talk to them versus someone else who is not they're typical customer. The environment did not feel as friendly and welcoming.

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I completely agree with this chapter stating how pervasive advertising really is. Being forced to watch an ad before being able to access a webpage or before a movie start is the fault of capitalism and consumer society. My favorite thing to do on my free time is watch YouTube videos of a wide range of different types of people. I also love listening and watching podcasts whether its comedy, affirmations, or motivation. With these things being my favorite to do, I will say the advertisements over time gets really annoying. It's gotten to the point where I get interrupted by a 2-minute ad that I can't even skip over. There is always at least 2 in the biggening before you can access the videos and a few in the middle. Some youtubers even admit to putting a lot of advertisements in their videos because the more views they get with them the more money they make. I even came across people that advertise a certain product in their videos and will try they're absolute hardest to sell it to you to make a commission from the brand they are sponsored by. They give they're promotion code at least 5 times in the video. Brands go to famous youtubers to promote and influence they're products for their watchers to buy the items and with this being done, it allows an emotional connection with the seller to the buyer. Some people will simply buy an item just because they're favorite youtuber, or celebrity owns it.

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Pager's research shows that people with criminal records face big challenges finding jobs. This makes us think about how society sees giving second chances to people who have been in jail, and how it affects how we see and treat them. Everyone has their own opinion as to if those that have been incarcerated deserve a second chance at getting a job to turn they're self around. Personally, I do believe that criminal records are not the best look when having it on your resume when trying to get a job , but some employers of society give those people a chance. I think that if they already went and did time, and they were allowed to be set free, they should be treated just like any one of us. They were treated the way they deserved to be in jail, but this isn't jail anymore this is the outside. At the end of day, they still need to provide for themselves now that they're free . If places denied every person with a criminal record, where would they end up? how would they survive? That would affect how everyone sees them and treats them. It would feed into this stereotype ,and they don't deserve to be treated any less than a human.

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 Branding/The Self and Social Interaction 

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 Branding/The Self and Social Interaction 

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The story of your stuff:

I've decided to do this exercise at the end of this chapter, and it required to dump out the contents of my everyday purse. The items included hand sanitizer, coffee receipts, my work id, nail polish, masks, lip gloss, and perfume. I could see 2 identities reflected in my stuff. One being the working side of me, I am a dental assistant for my 9-5. I am constantly using my masks and hand sanitizer. The other side would be me outside of work. I love getting dressed up, applying a nice perfume and doing my makeup. I hang out with my friends over the weekends. So, my bag holds my everyday items throughout the week. I compared my bag with my older sisters. Our stuff reflects similarities with our makeup and feminine products like small perfumes, and lip gloss. We both share to hobby of going out on the weekends. The biggest difference with our items reflects our different career paths. She has an office job so her purse consisted of sticky notes, a lot of pens, a phone charger, and snacks. A person's everyday bag can tell you a lot about that person, they're items can reflect and share what they do and what they like.

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135-146: Goffman, The Presentation of the Self in Everyday Life

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135-146: Goffman, The Presentation of the Self in Everyday Life

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This chapter is about individuals engaging in conscious efforts to control how others perceive them in social interactions. Goffman uses a metaphor of individuals as actors on a stage, where they perform different roles and manage their impressions to create specific impressions on others. Everyone uses impression management whether they are aware of it or not. Especially in today's society with everything being digital and online. Almost everyone with a phone has social media platforms that can convey a persona or a certain image they want to be perceived as by others. I like to think back at the quote, "Don't believe everything you see on social media". It's so easy to compare our lives to other peoples that we follow, but are they only showing the good? and are they fanaticizing this life that they don't even live? People can truly live two different lives on social media and outside of social media. If you think about it, why would anyone want to post negative aspects of their lives for hundreds of people to see? They would want to do the opposite, which is influence people and put on this persona that they life a perfect stress-free life.

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  (JCB)  Chapter 5:  Shopping/Social Order

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  (JCB)  Chapter 5:  Shopping/Social Order

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Anomie or social solidarity?

I believe shopping can be viewed through both outlooks of anomie and social solidarity. Consumerism often reflects anomie for instance or instance, excessive shopping for materialistic items can lead to a disconnect from meaningful social ties and personal values. Some people may shop compulsively to deal with feelings of emptiness. On the other hand, it can also be seen through the lens of social solidarity because shopping can provide shared experiences and rituals. For example, shopping during holidays or for birthday often involves gathering with loved ones, exchanging gifts, and participating in cultural traditions that strengthen social bonds. Both views provide important insights into shopping in today's societies, but the idea that shopping can strengthen social bonds seems more convincing. After reflecting I see shopping more as a social solidarity.

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Thinking back to when I was younger , I played softball for about 7 years of my life growing up. I remember being around the age of 10 years old and practicing with older softball players who ranged around 16-17years old . Being young and playing sports you look up to other players and want to be just as good as them. In my eyes these 16-17years olds were the best softball players at the time. I remember seeing they're equipment, they're nice gloves, and bags but the one thing I wanted really bad was this softball bat that everyone on the team had. It was really popular because of the brand and because of how good it worked. I remember wanting it because all of them had it and I thought if I had it maybe I would be just as good and look good. My dad was my coach at the time, so I had told him that I wanted this certain bat. A few weeks later he had gotten it for me, with a promise that I would use it and take care of it. I felt like I not only fitted in, but I blended in. At the time this purchase 100% satisfied my desire for belonging, but if I could go back into time, I would definitely not ask to the extent that I did. I believe it came down to the fear of being perceived as not good because of the things I didn't have. I believe I would have been just as good without the item that I felt like I needed.

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 (JCB)   Chapter 3:  Fast Food/Work and Economy

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 (JCB)   Chapter 3:  Fast Food/Work and Economy

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Fast food labor :

I've decided to interview my cousin for this section, he currently works at McDonalds. The factors that lead him to this job was simply because no their jobs were hiring in the area . Mcdonalds was the quickest one that had reached back out to his resume. His typical workdays consists of Monday - Friday. He typically works 6-8 hours a day . My cousin strongly states that he dislikes the job . He feels as though management does not treat they're workers with respect , and the costumers are plain out rude every time. My cousin stated that he basically feels like he's being walked all over . Most of what my cousin said connects with what we've learned and read about in this chapter. The rules and routines they make him follow for they're company to run good , but they don't stop and think about them and how they're being treated as labor workers . The lack of respect is not worth the pay they get working at these companies

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 411-424: Ehrenreich, Nickeled and Dimed

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 411-424: Ehrenreich, Nickeled and Dimed

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This chapter explores the reality low-waged workers face. The physical demands, long hours, and low pay can be extremely tough to wake up every day and repeat. While reading this chapter, all I truly could think about is my culture, or more exact my partners family. So, while reflecting about how hard it must have been to live through these conditions, I think about how my partners family came to the United States from Mexico years ago. They didn't understand English at the time and the only job they were able to get was picking fruit all day long. This is very common with Hispanics coming from Mexico . They would spend 12 hours a day in the hot sun, or even rain, just to only make $10 a day. I couldn't imagine how hard it must have been to afford housing, and healthcare. It truly shows the inequality with disparities in income, education, and opportunities.

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The main idea of Leidner's study is about how social order works in fast-food restaurants. She looks at how McDonald’s organizes itself using rules, routines, and standard ways of doing things to be efficient and consistent. She shows how big companies like McDonald’s use structured systems to manage large tasks and keep things predictable. Thinking about the workplaces I've worked at in the past. I reflect on all the rules and routines they had us practice keeping everything running smoothly. One example would be when I worked in retail, a routine we practiced daily was when the costumers wanted a fitting room we would count their items, write it on the mirror with an expo marker, and when they finished, we would then count them again, making sure both numbers remained the same. This routine kept our store from getting robbed by shoplifters. They tend to always go to the fitting rooms and take of the censors, to then putting them in their bags. They knew the fitting rooms are the only place with no cameras. Routines and practices like this help businesses and companies run smoothly and give less of a chance for something to go bad.

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Wishard talks about how globalization and rapid technological progress are changing our world and affecting us as people. I connect this with everyday life by reflecting on how technological advancements have changed how people communicate, work, and interact. One example in my everyday life would be smartphones and the use of social media. In my generation all I've ever known was to communicate with others far away through phone. On the other hand, my mother would say that they use to write each other letters or emails. These changes can alter how we maintain those relationships around us and how we stay informed on other people lives. With the change of technology , it can allow people to perceive the world around you differently . Having smartphones and social media all the time affects how people show themselves online. On social media, people usually share only the best parts of their lives, making a digital image that might not be how they are in real life. This can make people feel different about themselves and affect how they see themselves, especially when comparing to what others post.

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A corporate brand that connects with my lives and those around me would be Apple. The corporations serve as a cultural pedagogue by many reasons. Apple promotes a specific aesthetic and lifestyle associated with creativity, innovation, and modernity. Apples buyers often identify they're products as a lifestyle symbol along with personal identity. Apple's messages about how it pays its workers can be considered ideological in several ways especially in regard to how they pay their workers. Apple presents itself as a company that values hard work and innovation, promoting the idea that employees can achieve success and fair compensation through their contributions, reflecting capitalist principles of meritocracy. Many people see Apple as a top innovator in technology and a company that is trustworthy. This view makes Apple even stronger, affecting how people buy things and what they expect from other tech companies.

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After reading the campaign for the fight for $15, I agree and believe that the fight they put up was more than a number. It is simply a fight for respect, dignity, racial justice, improved living conditions and a say in their own lives. They wanted to rewrite the rules and change the way workers all over the world and being treated. They believed there was inequality present with the way they were treated and payed so they unionized. I believe they had every right to unionize, like said in the campaign it's a pathway to lasting power and the end of living paycheck to paycheck. Its powerful what people can do and the changes they can make when coming together to end the way the system has them working and living. They didn't just do this for themselves, but for their families. They wanted to secure that they're were going to be okay , and they were going to have enough money , and food every day .

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Sociology can be used in everyday elements like coffee. People that drink coffee can easily display their social status For instance, taking frequent coffee breaks during work hours can show a busy and professional lifestyle, whereas relaxed coffee breaks at upscale establishments might imply a calmer and easy-going lifestyle. After watching the clip, "$7 for a coffee?" at the end of the chapter, I believe the people drinking the coffee on display show their social status as they experience the coffee, by first even stopping to do an interview about coffee. Those that are usually busy and, in a rush, to be somewhere at a specific time would have said no, but these people sat there and did the interview. I think another reason was how they were describing the coffee, some showed they drink more than others. Implying that one taste richer and stronger than the other, regardless of if they were true or not. The ending of the clip did come by surprise , because I feel everyone tends to fall into this placebo effect , where nothing is true, but they want to believe whatever they want.

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This chapter offers several connections to everyday life, one being how poverty contributes to social inequality. In everyday life Individuals and families living in poverty often face problems with education, healthcare, housing, and employment, impacting their daily experiences. They tend to have fewer resources and opportunities. In example in this inequality, would be children living in poverty . It would not be fair that children have limited access to education due to money or lack of support at home. This then will affect their learning outcomes and future opportunities. The saddest part about it is that they have to say in anything. They didn't choose to be brought into a family in poverty and they didn't choose to have no educational background, but they will have to grow up and live with these consequences.

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In this chapter, the authors discuss the challenges faced by individuals from a working-class background when rising to the upper class. Those striving to climb the social ladder encounter significant difficulties navigating the norms and expectations of their new socioeconomic status. An example I can connect this topic to would be my myself. I would be a first generation to finish and graduate college. Personally, I can feel the pressure on meeting my families' high expectations. I believe it's because they want me to move up in the social class, they expect me to finish and be successful, because being successful gives you a new way of living which isn't the way my parents are living. Parents want their children to do the things they never had a chance to do, like going to school to get an education. Thats why first-generation children carry all the pressure of doing good, because at the end of the day our families immigrated here for us to create a better life, not to fail at attempting. Going back to the classes, I feel like some people can have a strange way of feeling like they're in the middle of these two statues, by not fully adapting to the new class they are entering, because they no longer belong to the working class and feel like strangers in the middle class. They could feel out of place, because they're simply not use to being a part of a higher class.

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Understanding how social class works in society helps us see how it affects our own goals, chances to succeed, and how we relate to others. It allows us to think deeply about equality and how laws can make society fairer for everyone. Typically, the upper-class has more privilege and advantages than others. Sometimes you can notice these differences with education, healthcare, and housing, but does the media and public have anything to do with this perception? When you go on social media you are walking right into people's pages filled with, they're opinions and beliefs. How some people see the upper class can affect how another sees wealth and power. It can start up stereotypes and shape the way we talk about fairness and equality. Media influence can be dangerous if you allow it to persuade your beliefs, because then that will shape the way you think about everything .

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"Wealth Inequality in the United States"

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"Wealth Inequality in the United States"

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After watching the video, my thoughts about including everything I've learned in this chapter is that wealth inequality is obviously present in America. The wealth in America is not all what we think it is. The more labored workers, who actually work for their money, go to college and get an education, are barely visible on the chart. Almost blended in with the poorest Americans. The top 1% in America has 40% of all Americas wealth. This is the inequality that America holds. We have doctors, lawyers, nurses, and dentist who work to help others here in America, but one CEO that owns 40% of Americas wealth does not work, he has workers working for him . Like mentioned in the video an average worker would have to work more than a month, to get payed what the CEO would get payed in 1 hour. So why are people that actually benefit and helping others getting payed so less than the 1%? Why are they blended in with the middle class on the chart? Our ideal thoughts is that we think these workers are getting so much money but the reality that no one knows is that compared to the 1% they get nowhere near what they deserve. These people work very hard for their money. Like said in the video we need to wake up and realize the reality in this country, is not at all what we think it is .

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How has your social class affected your life and choices?

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How has your social class affected your life and choices?

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I believe my social class affects multiple aspects in my life. One being the opportunities. I'd say family and I fall in the lower middle-class bracket. We've always had access to education, but comparing my education route to higher class individuals who are offered schooling to be done at private schools, or even being homeschooled is something my family and I never got the opportunity to experience, due to our financial situations and living situations. Another aspect that plays a role would be social networking. I strongly believe that social class shapes social networks, friendships, and relationships. Individuals usually tend to associate with others from similar social backgrounds, which gives access to information we would not know anything about . These individuals of an upper class tend to have way more opportunities for advancement, and support systems than someone, like me, in a lower class doesn't have to much access to. It always seems like upper class always attract the same class bracket of themselves. Wealthy attracts wealthy. You never hear about a wealthy person being extremely close friends with someone who falls under middle class. Looking back at my childhood now, I never was friends with any one in an upper class, and neither was my mother or father. They usually hung around like minded people, that also happen to fall in the same social class as us. There's so many experiences that can affect your life growing up in a lower/middle class surrounded by upper class families. Of course, I never thought of it when I was a kid , but its really obvious now that there's always kind of been a divider within each social class.

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After recording all my answers , I believe race refers to how people are grouped based on physical traits like skin color and facial features. When people say race is socially constructed, they mean that these groupings are not purely biological , meaning they are largely shaped by society's beliefs and customs. Some examples as to why race is socially constructed include Cultural Influence , which is the meanings we attach to race such as the stereotypes, prejudices, and advantages that are created by our societies and cultures. For example, ideas about who is seen as "better" or "worse" based on race are shaped by what our society believes. Another example would be Power Dynamics which is the way we categorize race , and how it often reflects power dynamics within a society. In the past, racial categories have been used to justify things like taking over other countries, slavery, segregation, and treating people unfairly. The group with more power often decides and reinforces racial groups. While race can have important effects on our lives, like who gets what and how they get treated, how we see races comes from our society and what it says, not just from what we look like. Knowing race is socially constructed helps us see how these groups change people's lives and allows us to think hard about how they can treat people.

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 (JCB)  Chapter 6:  Sports/Race (Omit Section 4, 164-169)

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 (JCB)  Chapter 6:  Sports/Race (Omit Section 4, 164-169)

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Reflecting back to when I was in high school, the school I attended emphasized football a lot. Just like every other high school, people loved the energy that came from the Friday night football games. Being at school at night, surrounded with your classmates and being able to hang out with no actual schoolwork was what my classmates and myself loved. Football was the only sport everyone would actually attend and go all out in our school colors to support. At my school sports were 100% optional, no one was forcing anybody to play a sport they didn't want to, but our football team was the one sport every male wanted to be on. In my opinion, some players seemed like they only wanted to be on the team to look "cool" or to be socially accepted. There were obvious social boundaries between athletes and those who were not into sports. Its common at most school that athletes tend to be a part of the more "popular" groups compared to those who don't play any kind of sport. Maybe this is because high school emphasizes football a lot that when someone makes the team, they're automatically viewed as "cool" or "talented". This social boundary was almost getting worse each year because every try out seemed to have more and more students coming out , and giving they're all trying to get a spot on the team. Try outs consisted of students who have played sports before or even had played football in the past and there were even more students whose first time ever would be that year, if they made it of course.

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(JCB)  Chapter 12: Music/Racism and Cultural Appropriation

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(JCB)  Chapter 12: Music/Racism and Cultural Appropriation

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In high school, music often plays a significant role in forming social identities and creating social groups. Some common music subcultures that are often defined by taste in music is hip hop and R&B fans . This group gravitates towards rap, hip-hop, and R&B genres, which are often associated with urban culture and themes such as social justice, identity, and expression. Another example would be Electronic Dance Music Fans: Students who enjoy electronic dance music often participate in EDM events and festivals. This subculture is defined by the enjoyment for electronic beats, DJ culture, and most times a vibrant nightlife scene.These music subcultures can overlap with elements of social location such as race, class, and gender. For race , I believe the different types of music and genres often reflect who we are and how we fit in socially. For instance, hip-hop and R&B are closely tied to African American culture, while country music is often linked with white, rural communities. Girls and boys often have different tastes in music, too. Some types of music are seen as more "masculine" or "feminine" because of what society thinks boys and girls should like. Even though these ideas exist, everyone is different, so people might not always fit into these categories perfectly. Even though music can show who we are and where we belong, everyone has their own likes and dislikes and preference . Music lets us find friends who are like us and helps us figure out how we fit into our school and the world around us.

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In this chapter Page recounts his childhood in the racially segregated 1950s, where public facilities like parks, drinking fountains, and schools were strictly divided between "whites" and "colored" people. Growing up as a black child during this era, he had a white friend who lived a completely different life, which was known as white privilege. Page recalls how his parents cautioned him with phrases like "Don’t be showin’ yo’ color" when he was with his white friends, a disheartening reminder that even within his own family, there was an acknowledgment of racial hierarchy. This upbringing deeply affected Page's sense of identity. Feeling caught between two worlds, he struggled with self-acceptance and at one point considered himself transracial, feeling neither fully accepted by his black peers nor by his white friends. Now he is an adult with children of his own, Page reflects on the impact of the color-blind ideology and discusses how pop culture has evolved in challenging racial stereotypes. As a latino , myself nor my family will never know the feeling of the overt racism that Page endured. While discrimination does exist within all races , it is not all the same scale of racism he endured. Reading his first hand experiences has enhanced my comprehension of the profound impact of racism. His narrative holds value as it provides insights into the psychological impact of racism, stemming directly from personal experience rather than opinions, analysis, or conclusions from an outsider's viewpoint.

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Ezekiel, a Jewish professor at the University of Michigan, conducted interviews with members of a militant white racist group to understand their mindset. He visited their meeting place where they were planning a rally and spoke with several members.Most of these members came from working-class families, and their leaders were only twenty years old. During the gathering, they raised Nazi flags and played music with racist and offensive lyrics.One man, aware of Ezekiel's Jewish background, told him, "I have no use for a Jew. Keep Hitler’s dream alive: kill a Jew." Ezekiel encountered more instances of racism and felt stripped of his identity when they called him "Jewboy," leaving him deeply alienated. Ezekiel concluded that these racists feel cheated and lonely. I agree with this because it seems they only join these groups to fill a void and belong somewhere, similar to how gang members seek companionship and acceptance. I see these white supremacists like gang members as in they seem to lack a meaningful purpose beyond expressing anger towards those who appear different. Even if everyone were white, these individuals might find another way to separate themselves from others due to their underlying hatred that may stem from a deeper emotional emptiness or dissatisfaction. This resonates with me because , I'm not saying they're in the right , but I can understand that their actions are driven by a need to direct their negative feelings towards those they perceive as different. It's like the saying,"Hurt people , hurt people". Which I truly believe in , if you're happy and at peace within yourself , you have no energy to hurt or bring down others . But , if you are filled with negativity and hurtfulness , you would want to bring down everyone around you to feel the same way you do .

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(JCB)  Chapter 7: Toys/Gender, Sex and Sexuality

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(JCB)  Chapter 7: Toys/Gender, Sex and Sexuality

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There is a link between the gender segregation of toys and gender inequality. The way toys are being marketed and categorized can reinforce societal norms and expectations about gender roles from an early age. For instance with gender , toys marketed towards girls usually focus on nurturing, household tasks, and appearance, while those for boys often emphasize action, competition, and technical skills. This can suggest to children that certain interests and abilities are more suitable for one gender than another. It draws a line so early on in their childhood . For example if a little boy wanted to play with barbies and their parents told them " No , don't play with those , theyre only for girls" that can influence how they feel in the future . They can feel unaccepted for the things they truly like . The way toys are marketed can also affect how children see themselves and their identities. If girls are consistently exposed to dolls and princess-themed toys, they might pick up the idea that their worth is tied to appearance and domestic roles. On the other hand, boys who play with action figures and sports toys might learn that aggression and physical strength are important traits for males. I believe that toys are more than just objects for play. They truly can shape children's ideas about gender roles and expectations. By promoting toys that are inclusive of all genders and encouraging children to explore a wide range of interests and activities, it can help reduce the impact of gender inequalities for children's futures.

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(JCB)   Chapter 11: Beauty/Ideology and Intersectionality

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(JCB)   Chapter 11: Beauty/Ideology and Intersectionality

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Body pressures affect men and women differently, but they also share some similarities. If we start with the differences with body pressures , there's more of an ideal body standard when it comes to women . Women often can feel pressured to match thin and toned body types , especially due to the medias expectations of beauty standards . Men, on the other hand, may face pressure to become more muscular and lean, which are mostly promoted through images of muscular actors ,celebrities, and athletes. I also believe there is a difference within the body parts . Women can face insecurity over specific body parts like breasts, waist, and hips. In contrast, men might feel pressured differently to develop muscles in areas such as chest, arms, or abs. Applying this to the gym , as someone who goes at least 3-4x a week . When I pay attention to the males and females , it's very obvious to see almost all the males are training and lifting heavy weight to build more muscle in their arms and chest . On the other hand if you take a look at the females , more than half are usually doing heavy cardio on the treadmills or stair masters . There's a pressure between both genders , but the pressure lies differently . Overall, while men and women face different pressures regarding body image, they both experience challenges related to societal expectations and media influences on appearance.

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Masculinity and femininity are not traits we're born with biologically , instead, they're concepts we absorb from society. Henslin explores how boys are taught to embrace masculinity from a young age. Using the examples of toys , little boys receive toys like action figures, toy guns, and cars, all encouraging them towards a masculine identity in the future. Boys tend to be rougher, less polite, and less concerned with cleanliness compared to girls, who are often taught to prioritize tidiness and being well-groomed. Boys also tend to enjoy more freedom, such as roaming further in the neighborhood and bending rules set by parents. When caught breaking these rules, boys often learn to lie to preserve their freedom rather than face punishment or being grounded. As boys grow older they internalize the idea that being male is superior, leading them to mock boys who display feminine traits . Puberty accentuates the differences between boys and girls, with boys experiencing deeper voices and increased testosterone levels. This biological change further reinforces they're gender identity.

Around girls, boys learn to present themselves as gentlemen to meet social expectations. By meeting these expectations, they often manipulate situations to achieve desired outcomes, effectively learning how to navigate social interactions for personal gain. These behaviors become normalized over time, shaping interactions and reinforcing societal norms that dictate masculine and feminine roles from infancy onwards. Having a brother, you can really see everything we read about unfold . I grew up with 3 sisters and 1 brother . My parents still do this day see him as they're, "little baby" (He's 16). My sisters and I always talk about how different my parents raised us compared to him. We were never allowed to hangout with friends or even have sleepovers , but my brother got to do it all. In a Hispanic household especially , it is normalized for the female to do all the cooking and cleaning . I remember having to wake up early on the weekends to help my mom clean , all while my brother got to sleep in . One more example, and the very obvious , would be my mom only platting my brothers food at dinner time instead of all of ours . The difference in genders and what we perceive as normal , all stems from growing up and what we learn from our families due to they're beliefs .

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growing up as a little girl to now an adult , there has been countless encounters ive dealt with . Most being mentioned in this chapter , but resonates with me the most is the pressure on appearance. Society expects girls to fit a certain image: tall, thin, and extremely girly or feminine. Not everyone fits this beauty standard though , including me. I'm shorter and in my opinion, a little bit overweight. I use to constantly criticize my weight, saying things like, "I need to lose weight to be pretty ." It's heartbreaking now thinking back because I believe self-love and confidence are more important than anything on the outside . To this day , I still struggle with body image , but ive learned to be gentle with myself and remind my self that Im not 15 anymore . Im not going to have the same petite body that I had when I was a teenager . Im a women now and changes are suppose to happen and that's okay . I will say it's truly difficult for girls all ages , but specially teens , because of the beauty standard social media forces us to believe . We need to look perfect , put together , clean , and girly 24/7 which is unhuman! Gossip is another issue that resonates with me. I personally find gossip pointless, but it's been a significant part of my life ( when I was way younger). It's even affected my friendships at school . People dismiss "girl fights" as trivial, but to those involved, they're hurtful and demeaning. Terms like "cat fights" and mocking how girls would look fighting only reinforce stereotypes that girls are weak and petty. Both boys and girls face tough societal pressures and stereotypes. I'm not comparing who has it worse because both sides deal with unrealistic expectations. Gender roles heavily influence how we're expected to behave and look, when really, we should be able to define ourselves based on what feels right for us.

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(H)  180-191: Thorne & Luria, Sexuality and Gender....

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(H)  180-191: Thorne & Luria, Sexuality and Gender....

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Thorne and Luria conducted a study to explore how gender and sexuality are viewed by middle school children. They found that separation between boys and girls is very common from a young age. Boys and girls not only behave differently from each other but also learn different social behaviors.Boys tend to engage in more aggressive and risky play, often in larger, more intense groups. On the other hand, girls are more likely to form smaller, intimate groups or pairs, often with close friends. Physical expressions of intimacy like hugging are more common among girls as a way of greeting each other, which is less typical among boys. Applying this information to my own middle school experiences I can say that I do agree with Thorne and Lurias outcomes. In PE for example I remember whenever we would be given free time or a "Fun Friday" we were all able to do our own things , like hangout with our friends in that period. I remember sitting under a tree with all my friends that were girls . We would just sit criss crossed and talk about anything . On the other hand the boys were playing basketball , football , and even tether ball . This gender separation teaches boys and girls distinct ways of interacting with others. Also, in middle school, it's common for both genders to engage in teasing related to heterosexual attraction, like teasing someone for "liking" another person. These interactions can escalate into playful, flirtatious behaviors such as chasing or teasing each other with personal belongings.Overall, the study reveals that boys and girls exhibit different patterns of behavior when interacting with each other or within their own gender groups. Boys may emphasize intensity while girls prioritize intimacy. Both genders have unique ways of expressing themselves and meeting their social needs.

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 (H) 192-198: Tannen, But What Do You Mean?

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 (H) 192-198: Tannen, But What Do You Mean?

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In this chapter, Tannen highlights that conversation is like a ritual, and she explores how men and women communicate differently, each attaching different meanings to communication. Women often apologize frequently, which I notice because I find myself saying "sorry" a lot. They also tend to say "thank you" more often. In my personal experience, women seem to apologize more than men for various things. Criticism is another aspect where women face scrutiny from others. Women often soften their language in conversations; for example, if a classmate asks for their opinion on their work, they might lean towards giving a compliment rather than being brutally honest. I think women also pay more attention to details compared to men.For many women, saying "thank you" is almost automatic in conversations. Every day, whether I'm at school or a store, I hear "thank you" more frequently from women, which suggests we may be more patient than men. When conflicts arise, men are expected to confront the issue more aggressively with harsher words, whereas women tend to approach problems in a more relaxed manner. Praise is also important for women; we appreciate receiving compliments for our work. I believe it's crucial to grasp the context of our conversations. Men and women communicate differently, and this can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. However, we should strive to give equal attention and compliments to each other in conversations.

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  (H) 341-348: Katz, The importance of being Beautiful

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  (H) 341-348: Katz, The importance of being Beautiful

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Katz emphasizes in this chapter the significance of beauty. She suggests that the preference for cuteness and attractiveness begins from birth. Some infants are naturally charming and receive more attention, such as being carried, cuddled, and kissed on the cheeks. Conversely, less attractive babies may experience neglect and rejection, which can adversely affect their health and personality development. Unattractive children often endure social stigma and may be perceived as needing more help academically. Teachers, sociologists have found, tend to show more interest in attractive students, assuming they have higher intelligence, better chances for education, and more engaged parents. This bias in attention toward attractive individuals continues into adulthood, shaping opportunities and outcomes in education, career, and personal life. During college years, beauty can influence academic success and social dynamics. It appears that attractive students are more likely to achieve higher grades and have larger social circles. However, while society places significant emphasis on appearance, it's important to recognize that true success should be based on intelligence, character, and sincerity rather than physical appearance alone. In marriage and relationships, attractiveness can impact happiness and opportunities. Beautiful women often lead busier lives and are perceived to have more fulfilling relationships. They may also be more experienced in matters of sexuality. Similarly, attractive men, particularly those who are tall, tend to have greater career prospects and are more likely to be hired for various positions.Even in old age, beauty continues to influence how individuals are treated, with doctors often paying more attention to attractive elderly patients. Overall, beauty plays a significant role in shaping social interactions and opportunities. However, it is crucial to shift societal focus towards valuing knowledge, intelligence, and contributions to the world rather than superficial attributes like appearance. Acceptance and recognition should be based on meaningful achievements and capabilities rather than mere physical beauty.

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(H)      518-534: Miller, Women in the Military

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(H)      518-534: Miller, Women in the Military

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Miller describes the lives of women and men in the military and the activities they engage in. Traditionally, the military has been seen as a male-dominated sphere due to its physical and mental demands, which are often associated with strength and toughness. However, over the years, there has been a shift towards inclusivity, with more women now serving actively in the military. The inclusion of women in active duty has brought challenges, particularly in how men perceive and interact with women in this environment. Some men still consider the military to be primarily their domain and may undermine women's authority and capabilities, leading to gender harassment. Interestingly, many women in the military report experiencing more gender harassment than sexual harassment, highlighting the pervasive nature of this issue.Women in the military face additional challenges such as being subjected to rumors and gossip about their personal lives, which can be damaging and unfair. This gossiping is exacerbated by societal norms where rumors are commonplace, whether someone is a public figure or not. In the military context, this has become a significant issue affecting morale and trust among colleagues.

There are also perceptions of unequal treatment and resentment among men towards women who may receive certain advantages or opportunities. This can lead to friction when men feel women are given preferential treatment or when they resist working alongside women in the same roles.Overall, gender differences continue to influence dynamics within the military. Women often encounter obstacles and prejudices that men may not face, which affects their experiences and opportunities. Despite these challenges, both men and women are capable of performing any job or assignment in the military, and their abilities should determine their roles rather than their gender.

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After visiting my local toy store that I actually use to go to when I was little , I took note of a lot of things by observing how they have the toys orangized . I noticed that the toys were mostly organized by gender and age groups . For example, while walking around I came across sections for action figures and dolls, then there was a section for the board games and puzzles, This was organized by the type of toy it was. Within each section, the toys were then categorized by the brand, gender, and theme. Many toy stores do categorize toys based on gender . This store was one that also did , toys targeted towards little girls included dolls, kitchen sets, and anything princess theme. On the other hand toys targeted towards little boys included action figures, toy cars, legos , and more sports theme . It's very obviously to tell them apart . Stores make it very clear what toys are meant for which gender . In the store Its obvious by seeing all the pink down the girls aisle , and all the blue down the boys. As far as gender neutral toys , I couldn't find any other than the arts and crafts section , but that's common for any little kid regarding what gender they are or their age group . It seemed like this toy store had it very organized and clear that each section was meant for a specific audience of kids.

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After conducting a mini content analysis to develop a systematic account of beauty and going through and identifying at least 50 discrete images of people, Ive noticed that on fashion magazines more than 60% of the models being used were females . As far as race , most of the magazines were all diverse , but what caught my attention was mostly all of the covers were petite black women. Hardly any magazines consisted of women with visible body fat . From all Images I seen , they all looked petite , and I didn't see to many models within the Indian culture . Moving over to health magazines , more than half of these covers consisted of males . They were all tall and really buff . Diversity seemed larger than women's fashion magazines , but I think I noticed a little more white men on the covers . Again , no pictures consisted of any visible body fat ( which I was kind of expecting since its fitness) accept for a guys weight loss transformation that was included to show or motivate the audience . In conclusion , Magazines definitey cater to many different audiences , and I think using a certain type of model on the cover , is the same thing as a book title , You look and decide if it caters to you . Which can be the reason certain companies look for certain models .

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 (JCB) Chapter 8: White Wedding/Marriage and the Family

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 (JCB) Chapter 8: White Wedding/Marriage and the Family

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The authors explore how our idea of "family" often centers around a traditional image: a mother, father, kids, and sometimes a pet. This standard view affects societal norms, including laws and access to government help. Yet, many people have different family situations ,like those with gay parents, single moms, or who grew up in foster care. These families may face discrimination for not fitting the typical mold. Today, I believe that romantic love still remains a key reason for getting married, and the desire to start a family stays very strong. While society is becoming more open to diverse family types, full acceptance is still a goal we're working toward. A "white wedding" usually includes things like a bride in a fancy white dress, a formal ceremony, flowers, a big party, and a honeymoon. Many dream of having a white wedding, but not everyone can afford it. These weddings also use traditional gender roles. For example, bridal showers often prepare women for household duties, dads usually walk brides down the aisle, and there's usually more focus on the bride's looks than the groom's. These promote ideas about men's and women's roles in marriage. I believe that even though many still dream of a perfect wedding and family, society's views on marriage and family are changing. These shifts show how norms and expectations are evolving, and trying for more acceptance and understanding of different family setups in our communities.

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  (H)  425-431: Coontz, The American Family

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  (H)  425-431: Coontz, The American Family

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Coontz’s article "The American Family" talks about the idea that families in the past, like those from the 1950s, were better than today’s families. According to Coontz, this belief is mistaken because modern families are actually considered to be better than those of the past.The article argues that people often have a romanticized view of families from a hundred years ago, but in reality, many aspects of family life were harder back then compared to now. Today, we think families are worse off because we have higher expectations for how parents should raise children and how marriages should function. However, today's families have several improvements such as fathers being able to spend more time with their kids, mothers can work outside the house , and children are not expected to work from a young age. In my view, present day families tend to be happier and have stronger bonds than families of the past. It’s a positive trend that families continue to evolve and improve over time. When my generation starts families, I hope things will be even better, but it is hard to predict. I hope changes will bring positive outcomes for families rather than making things worse. At the end of the day , the way my generation decides to raise their kids , can affect that generation of kids . Meaning if they raise mean kids and I do not plan on raising kids like that , my kids will still be affected . I hope people continue wanting positivity through the years for they're families and kids.

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I have definitely fantasized about the day I would have my own wedding in the future. I believe this fantasy began , honestly when I was little . Which can sound strange because what little kid knows anything about marriage? and why was that something I was fantasizing over? Reflecting back to when I first started fantasying a wedding , I believe every part of it had to deal with the type of toys my parents provided me with . I clearly remember going to my mom's best friends house and playing with her kids , and one of the little girls had this white dress costume with a little tiara . I remember playing and pretending like we were "getting married" which is funny now that I'm older but maybe it stemmed from the barbies as well. Being a little girl and having both parents at the time together, they were able to provide my sister and I with any toys we wished to have . So we loved having our barbies . Almost everyone knows that barbies come with so many accessories and little objects that you can purshase separate . One actually being barbie and ken ( the male barbie) dressed up like they were married . They had a white dress and tuxedo, and I just remember having it and playing with it . The toys I was provided with definitely influenced my small mind into fantasizing my own wedding one day. Now that I'm older I do still fantizise it , I'm just more educated on the topic of marriage and what big commitments come with it , and of course having a good partner .

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(H) 277-286: Henslin, Eating Your Friends is the Hardest

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(H) 277-286: Henslin, Eating Your Friends is the Hardest

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James M. Henslin tells a story about a group of friends who survived a plane crash in the mountains of Uruguay. Even after the crash, some people survived. Two months later, the Air Force stopped looking for survivors because they were running out of food, and only sixteen people were still alive.During this difficult time, a medical student named Canessa suggested that they should eat the flesh of the deceased passengers. He argued that since they were dead, they were no longer living people, but just bodies without souls. Canessa believed that eating their flesh would not be morally wrong because the bodies had been preserved in the snow. He compared it to eating any other animal meat. Personally, I would never eat human flesh. Even the thought of it makes me sick . We are taught that it is morally wrong to eat other humans, it could make us sick, and it’s just disgusting. However, if it was the only way to survive and return to my family, I might change my mind. I think most people would if it meant living . Initially, it would be extremely upsetting and traumatic, but over time, I might convince myself that it's acceptable, similar to eating any other type of meat, without feeling sympathy for the deceased. It is normalized to eat animals , but some may question , like Canessa , why isn't it normalized to eat humans ? deceased of course . This story makes you think about moral questions and really challenges beliefs about what is acceptable in extreme situations. It especially puts you in a position to really think about how far we would go to survive under circumstances such as this one .

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       (H) 315-321: Zimbardo, The Pathology of Imprisonment

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       (H) 315-321: Zimbardo, The Pathology of Imprisonment

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In this chapter , it talks about how Philip Zimbardo received a disturbing letter from a prisoner detailing brutal treatment, making him question why such inhumane acts had to occur. To investigate further, he decided to conduct an experiment where he would create a simulated prison environment. Seventy volunteers signed up, and the experiment began by setting up a makeshift prison. Participants were assigned roles as either guards or inmates and were to stay in the simulated prison for two weeks.

However, the experiment had to be stopped after just six days due to alarming results. The volunteers started losing their grasp on reality, struggling to separate their roles from their actual identities. The guards began treating the inmates harshly, like animals, while the inmates became submissive and robotic, fixated only on escaping.

Zimbardo noted similarities between the inmate's letter and the experiment's outcomes. The guards became fascinated with their power to control others, leading to cruel behavior. Zimbardo concluded that people often underestimate how much situational factors can influence behavior, as these controls can be subtle and not easily recognized. He also pointed out that those who find themselves in such situations may be unfairly labeled as weak if they do not behave as expected.This environment led both prisoners and guards to exhibit pathological behaviors, causing lowered self-esteem and reduced humanity. Zimbardo emphasized the need for those in positions of power to show compassion, as even inmates desire care and empathy. This is crucial to preventing such destructive behaviors in institutional settings. The main message I got from this was that while we may be labeled or judged based on our appearance or other external factors, but it's crucial not to let these external opinions affect or control our actions and behaviors. We cannot control how others perceive us or the situations we encounter, but we can control our own responses and behaviors. By being mindful of this, we empower ourselves to navigate social dynamics without being overly influenced by labels or stereotypes.

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(H) 322-334: Rosenhan, On Being Sane in Insane Places

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(H) 322-334: Rosenhan, On Being Sane in Insane Places

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Rosenhan’s study, “On Being Sane in Insane Places,” taught me something important. Once you receive a psychiatric diagnosis, that label tends to stick with you indefinitely. It’s rare for these diagnoses to be corrected, which is unsettling because if you’re mistakenly labeled as insane, that label could follow you for the rest of your life. This situation relates to a theory known as the labeling theory. A clear example is being diagnosed as insane. When this happens, you get tagged with that label. You might be sent to a hospital to treat your supposed insanity. Even after you leave the hospital, people who knew about your diagnosis might interpret everything you do through the lens of that label. Your actions could always be seen as insane. Once you’re labeled insane, that stigma can stick with you forever. Moreover, everything you did before the diagnosis might also be judged as crazy, simply because of that label.

This theory can make people feel very vulnerable. It’s sad and frightening to think that once you’re labeled, even if it’s wrong, it’s hard to get rid of. What’s more, when you’re labeled, there’s a risk of something called a self-fulfilling prophecy. This means that when others see you in a certain way, you might start to act like that label, even if it’s not who you really are. This is scary because it can make you become someone you don’t want to be. It can kind of mess with your head or trick your brain into thinking your something your not . Only because people see you as it , so you then feed into it .

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(H) 470-480: Hunt, Police Accounts of Normal Force       

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(H) 470-480: Hunt, Police Accounts of Normal Force       

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Police officers across the country frequently are constantly dealing with many challenging and sometimes extreme situations that can lead them to use what’s called "normal force." This refers to force that officers may perceive as appropriate in the moment, even if it exceeds what is legally allowed .There's a saying within police, "It's not done on the street the way it's taught at the academy," which reveals an important issue in police operations. Officers are trained one way in the academy , that is legally and correctly , but in practice, they often resort to methods that contradict their training. This behavior is reinforced by police culture, which normalizes these actions. For example , rookie officers are advised to equip themselves with powerful weapons and to quickly neutralize suspects, even if it means using more force than necessary, which goes against academy teachings to avoid certain tactics to prevent harm to suspects. Female officers, often seen as physically weaker, may use more physical force to establish themselves among their co workers . This kind of behavior is actually encouraged within the police culture, leading to a normalization of rule-breaking. In one instance, a female rookie officer faced criticism for handling a standoff without firing her weapon. Despite thinking she handled the situation well, her colleagues saw her actions as a risk and a failure to assert authority. This criticism led her to regret not using lethal force, believing it would have earned her acceptance as a “real cop.” This mindset is bad because people expect police to protect them, not to resort to violence or lethal force to prove themselves. Police also justify their use of force against certain groups of offenders, such as child abusers or drug addicts. While some might sympathize with this view, it still is illegal to use unnecessary force under any circumstances. Personally, the most disturbing aspect is the tendency of police to stereotype and justify their actions based on race, which often leads to racial bias and incidents of brutality, mostly towards people of color. This racism is obvious in cases where unarmed black men are being treated with excessive force or violence. This shows the urgent need for a shift in police culture and accountability. There should be stricter penalties for officers who misuse their authority. Until these changes occur, the cycle of police brutality and injustice will continue , which the will weaken the trust and equality in law enforcement.

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Required entry: (Adapted from an assignment by Joyce Johnson)

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Required entry: (Adapted from an assignment by Joyce Johnson)

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One encounter I had last week where I found myself thinking someone was being weird or crazy was while I was walking my dog , I noticed this guy who was blasting inappropriate music on a really big boombox and just walking around the park . He acted as if he was the only one they're , and I took it as being inconsiderate because it was extremely loud and they're was kids around . Social norms in public parks typically involve maintaining a peaceful and family-friendly environment. This includes being mindful of others, avoiding disruptive behavior, and respecting the presence of children and families. These norms are usually understood by others . Playing music loudly might appear rational in situations where someone is exercising alone in a less crowded area of the park or during a permitted event like a concert. However, in a family-oriented park setting, this behavior may disrupt others' enjoyment and peace. If someone is attending a party or outdoor gathering where loud music is expected and accepted, they might not perceive blasting music as unusual or negative. Context and social expectations play a big role in how behaviors are perceived. Labels like "weird" or "crazy" can create a negative perception of the person and their behaviors. In this scenario, people like myself , may view the man as inconsiderate or disruptive, leading to disapproval from others in the park. It may also affect the understanding towards the reasons behind his behavior, such as his own enjoyment of music in a public space. The perception of appropriateness in public behavior can vary based on factors like age due to expectations of maturity , which in this case he seemed like a little teenage boy who lacked maturity .

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(H)  446-460: Gracey,  Kindergarten as Academic Boot Camp

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(H)  446-460: Gracey,  Kindergarten as Academic Boot Camp

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I've always believed that the hidden lessons in school are effective but sometimes unfair. I understand why it's important to teach rules and discipline, but I think it's also crucial to recognize how kids learn differently. Calling them "bad" or "disobedient" isn't always right. Using words like "active" or "energetic" might be better. It would be good to find out how children learn and then put them in classes that fit their way of learning. Teachers often called me "disobedient" or "not paying attention," which I found confusing because I was one of the top students. I just liked to move around a lot. I was most focused during arts and crafts and it was very hard for me to focus and sit still when It came down to reading .. I also did well in classes where we talked or moved a lot. For example, in elementary school, I did really well in music theory when we learned to play recorders , and of course when it came down to PE . This class allowed me to use my hands and engage with the teacher, which suited my learning style , but very students is different . Learning styles range from being hands on , listening , or being visual . It's important for teachers and schools to actually know what kind of student is in their class , and what type of learning style best suits them . This will benefit the students academics for their future , which is exactly what schools are meant for right? I believe they just need to put in that effort .