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Describe: There are age-friendly and barrier-free transport systems that enable elderly and PWDs to move around and access opportunities independently.

Examples: In trains stations, there are lifts and in streets there are tactile indicators.

Impact: less accidents involving the elderly, ensure the safety of the elderly, improve their mobility

lift -> prevents elderly from being tired

priority seats -> ensure the safety of the elderly

ramps -> allows wheelchair to easily be pushed up into the bus

special carriages for wheelchairs -> allows easy access for wheelchair users to take public transport

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Describe: Mobility helps one to move from place to place, and facilitate social interactions that are necessary for our emotional well-being. Physical capabilities and health related conditions can limit the mobility of different groups of people, in particular, the elderlies and persons with disabilities.

Example: An example of how elderly are impacted is the Silver Zones. In the Silver Zones , there are gateways marked with bright fluorescent signs and yellow painted road strips to indicate the start of a Silver Zone. In the Silver Zone, the speed limit is reduced to 40km/h and lanes are reduced at some road sections to shorten the crossing distance and reduce the time taken to cross roads.

Impact: With Silver Zones, elderly can cross the roads more safely.

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Describe: With development of transport system, it would cause physical changes to the environment such as clearance of natural vegetation to build roads > cause forests size to be smaller, wildlife habitats might lose their homes

Example: The construction of BKE [Bukit Timah Expressway] --> in order to provide direct route for commuters from Bukit Timah to north of Singapore --> BKE divided Bukit Timah Nature Reserve from the Central Catchment Nature Reserve --> affect biodiversity, threatened survival of some of endangered forest species

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Describe:

When more vehicles are used for transport systems, it result to greater transport activities carried out > transport activities consume energy (electricity, biofuel, petroleum) > petrol burnt to provide energy > produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases > contributes to carbon footprint.

With transport systems are to expand, more people rely on transport for their daily commute and travels > more carbon footprint.

Example:

By plane - total amount of carbon footprint produced 11, 160kg

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Traffic congestion (Kayla, Tessa, Nichel, Ashley, Kaelyn)

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Traffic congestion (Kayla, Tessa, Nichel, Ashley, Kaelyn)

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Describe: High traffic volume, coupled with slow speed means longer travelling times for all road users. More carbon dioxide will then be emitted since travelling times are longer.

Example: Roads that are congested during peak hours are usually those leading to and from the Central Business District (CBD).

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traffic congestion - Michelle, Rachel, Claryse, Jayna, Kylie Kok

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traffic congestion - Michelle, Rachel, Claryse, Jayna, Kylie Kok

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Traffic congestion causes longer queues of slow-moving vehicles and high traffic volume, causing longer travelling. This causes people to be fatigue and tired, thus being more frustrated, lose concentration and decreasing their productivity level. Therefore, increasing the risk of traffic accidents. For example, in Delhi, India's economic growth has resulted in a massive increase in the number of private vehicles on its roads overwhelming the transport infrastructure. This was due to heavy vehicular volume, pedestrian movement and illegal parking by vehicles. At two points, Begumpur Chowk and Kanjhawala Chowk, construction activity was an impediment to smooth flow of traffic.

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health risk (Mahathi, faith, kate, esther)

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health risk (Mahathi, faith, kate, esther)

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A type of air pollution produced by vehicle exhaust, power plants and factories causes respiratory problems such as breathing difficulty, asthma, eye irritation, lung infection and a higher risk of lung cancer. Example studies have found that vehicle emissions have caused nearly 5000 premature deaths in UK, and over 53000 premature deaths in the US annually.

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Joyann, Anjana, Chloe, Isabelle (health risks)

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Joyann, Anjana, Chloe, Isabelle (health risks)

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Transport systems releases harmful air pollutants that causes smog and air pollution (description), reducing the amount of oxygen available in the atmosphere, which then causes respiratory problems such as breathing difficulties, asthma, eye irritation and more (effect and example).

Another impact of transport systems on people is the noise pollution caused by the traffic and construction of roads. (description) Excessive exposure to noises louder than 55 decibels (dB) can disturb sleep cycles, reduce work performance, provoke annoyance, increases the amount of mental health issues and results in hearing loss and may even trigger heart-related diseases. (effect and example)

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Safety risks: Sheryl, Shirlyn, Allison and Noelle

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Safety risks: Sheryl, Shirlyn, Allison and Noelle

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Transport such as cars and trains cause transport accidents which have implications on healthcare, insurance, damage to property and life

Therefore, measures must be regulated for the safety of everyone. For example, speed cameras on the roads help the traffic police to deter and detect speeding. These speed cameras catch motorists who speed to run red lights have helped to reduce the number of related road accidents.

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zi shan, krenie, kylie tan, emma goh (safety risks)

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zi shan, krenie, kylie tan, emma goh (safety risks)

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higher traffic volume transport causes an increase in people --> overcrowded (peak periods)

crimes may occur due to high influx of people ( eg theft, outrage of modesty ) --> ppl think train unsafe

to solve this problem: some countries have female only trains/gender-segregated transport --> feel safer

popular terminals are targets of terrorism due to high amounts of people as well

to solve problem: tighten security checks, baggage checks etc to ensure no bombs or terrorists