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Uncredited circa 1857 Description: A photograph of Dred Scott, taken around the time of his court case in 1857

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I choose the Dred Scott decision because it was politically, and socially significant to the cause of the Civil War. Socially, it created more tensions between the north and the south. Politically, slavery was technically accepted in northern states. Which meant the north's decisions were taken away, making slavery legal everywhere. This was a victory for the south, but outraged the north.

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Uncredited in 1859 Description: John Brown was tried in the Circuit Court of Jefferson County for treason, for planning with slaves to produce uprising, and for murder.

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October 16, 1859, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry 

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October 16, 1859, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry 

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I choose the John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry because it was politically, religiously, and socially significant to the cause of the Civil War. Socially southerners feared the north would plan another attack. Religiously many northerner's viewed John Brown as a hero or a martyr. Which politically, led to both sides causing violence, and southern militias began to unify. This only created a rise of tensions between the two sides.

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Photographed by S. Davis on 1858. Description: Republican Rally in front of the Lincoln Home, August 1860

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I choose the Election of 1860 because it was politically, socially, and intellectually, significant to the cause of the Civil War. Socially, Lincoln's victory caused Southern states to feel threatened about the future of Slavery. Politically, it deepened divisions between the North and the South, as many Southerners feared losing their way of life. Intellectually, Lincoln's ideas about limiting slavery's expansion gave hope to abolitionists. This election directly led to the secession and was one of the main causes of the Civil War.

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Published by Kean Collection on 1863 Description: Photograph shows the "Gen. Haupt" locomotive and five men posed inside the car and outside near the railroad tracks.

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I choose the Railroad because it was a technological, economical, and a political advantage during the Civil War. Technologically, it allowed faster transportation of soldiers and supplies. Economically, the Union used its lager railroad network to move goods and troops efficiently, helping them win the war. Politically, the control of rail lines often determined which side controlled key regions. Railroads became a symbol of industrial power and showed how technology could shape the outcome of the war.

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Engraved by W. Roberts on 1864 Description: Shows the Emancipation Proclamation that was written and explains the ideas that Lincoln has for African Americans after the Civil War. 

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January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation

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January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation

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I choose the Emancipation Proclamation because it was politically, socially, and intellectually important. Socially, it changed the purpose of the Civil War from just preserving the Union to ending slavery. Politically, it gave hope to enslaved people and encouraged many African Americans to join the Union army. Intellectually, it showed Lincoln's leadership and moral vision in redefining freedom. It was a major turning point that weakened the Confederacy and strengthened the Union's cause.

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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Painted by John Startain in 1870. Description: Print showing artist's interpretation of the clash between Union and Confederate troops, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

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I choose the Battle of Gettysburg because it was politically, socially, and economically, significant to the turning point of the Civil War. Politically, the Battle of Gettysburg stopped the Confederacy's attempt to invade the North and gave the Union new confidence. Socially, the Union victory weakened Southern hopes of gaining foreign support and showed that the North could win major battles. Economically, it hurt the South by draining resources and soldiers they could not replace. It affected the turning point by shifting the Civil War toward the Union.

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Uncredited in 1865 Description: Amendment talks about the abolishing of slavery, which finally ends slavery in the U.S. 

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I choose 13th amendment because it was politically, socially, and economically significant to the consequences of the Civil War. Politically, it officially ended slavery in the United States. Socially, it began the long struggle for equality and freedom for African Americans. Economically, it changed the Southern labor system by ending plantation slavery. This amendment marked one of the greatest consequences of the Civil War and permanently reshaped the nation.

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Sketched by Jas. E. Taylor on 1866. Description: Shows African Americans gathered outside the Freedmen's Bureau in Richmond, Virginia. A woman is handing a slip of paper through a window to a man seated inside.

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I choose the Freedmen's Bureau because it was socially and politically significant to consequences of the Civil War. It helped newly freed, African Americans adjust to life after slavery. Socially, it provided food, education, and medical care to millions of people in the South. Politically, it represented the government's first major effort to support the civil rights. The Bureau's work showed both progress and the challenges of Reconstruction.

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Photographed by Jack Delano on May 1965. Description: A cafe near the tobacco market, Durham, North Carolina.

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I choose the Black Codes because it was politically, socially and economically significant to the consequences of the Civil War. It made the lives of African Americans much harder by limiting their rights. Politically, they tried to keep white control over the government and economy. Socially, and economically, they forced many Black people into unfair labor contracts similar to slavery. These laws showed that even after the war, equality was still far from reality.

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Photographed by Hart in Watertown, NY in 1865. Description: Photograph shows ten men posed seated and standing, wearing hats with "KKK" in large letters, and with a skull and bones arranged on the floor in front of them.

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I choose the Ku Klux Klan because it was politically, and socially significant to the consequences of the Civil War. The KKK formed during Reconstruction and used violence and fear to stop African Americans from gaining rights. Politically, they tired to destroy Republican power and keep white supremacy in the South. Socially, it caused terror and division among communities. The rise of the Klan showed the backlash against freedom and equality after the Civil War.