# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary refers to the words we use to communicate effectively and that give our oral and written communication meaning.

(ReadingRockets 2022)

# data[].attributes.body
Oral language is one of the primary ways we communicate as humans, and oral language goes far above just orating the words. Emotions, information, and ideas are all such key parts of speech that babies mimic them from an early age. important parts of oral language include:

-Vocabulary: the body of words that comprise a language
-Syntax: the way that sentences are structured and the way words are arranged into sentences.
-Morphology: how words are structured and formed in different languages
-Pragmatics: how people use oral language to communicate with each other
-Phonology: the sound of speech

(National Geographic, 2022)
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/oral-language

# data[].attributes.body
Speeches are just one way of having students interact with each other. By having students participate in presentations and speeches, students must listen to gather comprehension.

Similarly, Reading and hearing the note are different because you know when the note is right if you hear it (especially if you know the song). Students should willing and able to play in front of their peers, regardless of what instrument or skill level. Musicality can only really shine through when an instrumentalist puts their own interpretation into the music, so it is important to listen to different interpretations of music to see different perspectives.

# data[].attributes.body
One of the foundations of reading is phonological awareness, a set of skills that relate words and their parts to each other.
- Rhyming
- Syllables
-Phonemic awareness- using sounds to find words, sounding out words, and blending sounds into words.

# data[].attributes.body
Rhythm is a foundation for all music, much like the sounds we hear in language
Foundations of rhythm should always be the biggest thing in the music classroom.

# data[].attributes.body
It's important for students to be aware of how parts of words should sound so that students can expand the language they use. Learning how to say written words is part of understanding their form and function, and similarly, timbres of different instruments and how they are used to achieve form and function of the musical work is important to all of the musicians in my classroom

# data[].attributes.body
The importance of having songs and composers that represent your students allows them to connect in another way with music. The composer could have made a different choice of what instrument plays what part for a completely different effect. Being aware of how these musicians and composers made those choices is a way to include everyone in the classroom.

# data[].attributes.body
Comprehension is the understanding of what the text is communicating to the reader. the information from the text, now known to the reader, can be applied in the reader's own thoughts and experiences in new ways
"Comprehension is the reason for reading. If readers can read the words but do not understand or connect to what they are reading, they are not really reading" (Reading Rockets 2022)

# data[].attributes.body
Phonics are a logical, predictable, and organized arrangement of letters that represent certain sounds. As students learn about the relationships between written words and sound, phonics can be applied to familiar and unfamiliar words. Phonics can apply to speaking, writing, and reading.
(ReadingRockets 2022)

# data[].attributes.body
Fluent reading is defined as reading words without the need to decode them. Because the student can focus on the word rather than the parts of the word, they are able to read out loud as if they were speaking. Fluent readers can recognize words and comprehend at the same time

# data[].attributes.body
Writing is a skill of taking thoughts and translating them onto paper, ad is overall a complex process. There are approximately four main parts of writing
- Basic writing skills- Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and sentence structure
- Text Generation- the "content", word choice, and expression of writing
- Writing Processes- planning, revising , and editing work.
- Writing Knowledge- understandings of genre, organization, and audience.
(ReadingRockets 2022)

# data[].attributes.body
Oral language is a form of expression that can be very personal, and therefore it is important to make a inviting space for this expression. Even applied to the music classroom is true. Student must be encouraged to use their language appropriately and at appropriate times as well, as that is part of learning the language.

# data[].attributes.body
As stated in the above post, Oral language can be very personal and very powerful for students, and it is important that every student can feel like their voice is heard by their peers. Some students may have difficulties with oral language expression because of language barriers and others may have too much anxiety to participate. Oral language should not be an exclusionary activity for these students, and should be encouraged for them to express themselves in a safe environment.

# data[].attributes.body
Writing is as important in music as it is in any other subject. Popular and classical music both have their fair share of composers and lyricists, and that gives us two ways we can apply writing in the music discipline.

Songwriting is something students can easily approach and get experience with and also applies concepts of language writing such as word choice and the writing process. The songwriting process will also have students thinking about a melody, chords, and rhythm, and how those can be used to change the feel or meaning of the song outside of words.
(Hawkins 2020)

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary is essential to deepen knowledge in any discipline. In a reading context, vocabulary is important for students so that the phonics they have learned to use can be assembled into words. Vocabulary enables comprehension, as readers must understand what they're reading to get the most out of the text. (ReadingRockets 2022)

In music, the vocabulary is different. The 12 notes used in most western scales are common in music, but the relationship between the notes is also important like vocabulary, and gives the notes meaning as well. Motives and melodies use these relationships between notes as a vocabulary.

# data[].attributes.body
Applications of comprehension in the music classroom is related to reading many pieces quickly and effectively. Sight reading music as practice is a form of this comprehension, and knowledge of tricky rhythms and melodies can be applied to other pieces.

# data[].attributes.body
Applied phonics can be used to break down words into their sounds in a process called decoding. Phonics should be taught as systematic, and make sense to students.

Phonics can be used in the music classroom to make words to a rhythm. Certain articulations are created on wind instruments using sounds replicated by phonics sounds, and mouth and tongue placement could be described through phonics
(Lindsey 2015)

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency in music could be thought of in a few ways, rhythmic fluency, pitch fluency, and fingering fluency.

- Rhythmic fluency-  the student can read the note values on a piece of music, and properly clap or count them
-Pitch fluency-  the student can read what pitch is written on the music, and properly read the note in the right clef and right octave.
-Fingering fluency- notes on the instrument are normally defined by the fingering on particular instruments to play the correct note, which needs to be known by the player.

All three parts can be considered instrument fluency, as it is very difficult to play music effectively without a basic understanding of these concepts.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary is the beginning of disciplinary literacy. With the knowledge of vocabulary, students can command language within their discipline competently. Knowing how musicians currently and in the past have used musical ideas, motifs, keys, chords, and instrument timbres becomes the composers vocabulary. There is also vocabulary associated with these aspects in a very literal sense as well (e.g. repeated rhythmic pattern that is played beneath the melody: Ostinato - very important in the mood of pieces of music).

Vocabulary is also important when writing songs with lyrics because lyrics ARE vocabulary. Having the lyrics of your song make sense and tell the story the student wants to tell is aided by a excellent vocabulary to get descriptions or emotions correct.
(Hawkins 2020)

# data[].attributes.body
Knowledge of how music is written, or what rules or context it follows makes it easier to analyze because some musics have implied meanings based on their composer, genre, or time period. With that understanding, writing or composing songs can become easier, especially if the student knows some of the decisions they are making while going into it.

# data[].attributes.body
Music with lyrics is popular in the mainstream, and some sounds are better than others to sing or say, so the choices of how rhythm and lyrics line up is determined through the phonics sound. Using IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is also important when singing songs in a language that is not commonly spoken in the location, and provides a sound that can be associated with the words

# data[].attributes.body
One of the largest challenge of the first years in a traditional music classroom is the development of fluency related to music. Students need to learn how to read music fluently and physically play the instrument fluently. In the traditional music classroom, high fluency in music among your students becomes incredibly rewarding for the director, the audience, and the students.

# data[].attributes.body
Routinely encouraging practice of rhythms is good for building fluency which forms the building blocks of music comprehension.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency in music is much more accessible then fluency in language. Many technologies today make accommodations for persons with disabilities to still develop fluent rhythm and excellent musicianship. It is also important that although western music theory has set the standard for a lot of musical principles, there are other music systems that use similar concepts, but have not been as highly documented or studied. This is to say that regardless of what music system is used, one is not inherently better than the other, and a precaution against elitist behavior should be exercised.

# data[].attributes.body
Having students sing in a different language than they are used to can be challenging for them. With the International Phonetic Alphabet, it becomes easier as you use phonics to teach students the words they need to know. Students can write these symbols which represent sounds into their music, and more diverse music can be included
(Lindsey 2015)

# data[].attributes.body
Comprehension asks students to draw on their own experiences and background. In music, this could look like analyzing people's favorite songs. The comprehension is unique and people like songs for different reasons

Comprehension may come differently to everyone, and we need to make a space in the classroom where that is okay.

# data[].attributes.body
Because vocabulary is an understanding, students should not feel discouraged from a lack of knowledge, but should be enabled to seek the knowledge they are looking for. Our classrooms must be spaces where vocabulary is a tool to new knowledges and not a source of shame.

# data[].attributes.body
Songwriting is an inclusive practice that puts everyone on an equal level. Some pieces of music in the past have been composed primary by old white men, but by adding popular music into songwriting, there is a large diversity of influences from students backgrounds and popular figures in the music industry today. Giving students creative control over their writing and a safe space to present their music is a huge idea in equity and inclusion practices.

(Hawkins 2020)