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The birth of cinema is credited to two frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière, who filed a patent in 1895 for their invention, the cinématographe. This device was the first ever to not only record moving pictures on film, but also allowed them to be projected on screen.

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"La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon" shows workers leaving the Lumière factory

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The first ever film by the Lumière brothers, "La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon" was a sensation when first presented at a meeting of the Société d'encouragement pour I'industrie nationale in Paris on March 22nd, 1895. In December of the same year, Parisians were able to pay to see public screenings of the film.

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Le Voyage dans la Lune (1902) - Georges Méliès

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The first person to truly recognize cinema as a new art form, and see its potential as a form of entertainment, was another Frenchman by the name of Georges Méliès. Georges was a stage magician and illusionist. He had made a specially constructed film studio in Paris, to try to created films that would bring his tricks to the big screen. He is best known for his fantasy film "Le Voyage dans la Lune" from 1902. Georges had made over 500 films which all proved to be successful as audiences were amazed by his ability, and this new technology.

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Le Voyage dans la Lune (1902) - Georges Méliès  - (HQ) - Music by David Short - Billi Brass Quintet

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Two Frenchmen, Charles Pathé and Léon Gaumont, founded the first production and distribution companies in film. Léon employed a talented filmmaker, Alice Guy. She made around 400 short films in a diverse range of genres between 1896 and 1920. She is the worlds first woman film director, and the inventor of film narrative.

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Before the First World War, France definitely took the most dominant role in the film production industry, and America along with many other countries were lagging behind. However, the start of the war in 1914 would change this fact forever. A shortage of film stock led the government to ban commercial filmmaking in France throughout the duration of the war. This would allow America to get ahead of France in the filmmaking world. By 1919, the French film industry was not looking good at all, with French films contributing less than 20 percent to box office receipts.

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Filmmaking in France was starting to make a comeback when more directors started coming to the scene.

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Poster for Jean Vigo's "Zero de Conduite" 1933

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During the end of the 1920's and beginning of the 1930's, film was revolutionized with the new technology of sound in film. Some directors had a very difficult time during this transition into sound, while others flourished with this new technology.

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Darkness in the film industry strikes again

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Darkness in the film industry strikes again

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The outbreak of war in 1939 and the capitulation of France to Nazi Germany in 1940 brought commercial filmmaking to a standstill in France. Many directors who had been prominent in the industry were quick to leave the country before the Germans took control. The nazis eventually ended up realizing how important it was for France to continue to go on making their own films, so the studios were soon reopened for business. Film directors were given a surprising amount of latitude and were able to subtly express anti nazi feeling in their art. However, the year that followed the liberation of France by the Allies in 1944 marked the beginning of a period of extreme post war austerity in France. Film stock and electricity were severely rationed during this time, so filmmaking rapidly fell into decline. The hardship was to endure for several more years.

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In the late 1950's and early 1960's, a new era of french filmmaking was born. French new wave was a movement that rejected the traditional and conventional rules and styles of filmmaking that everybody was used to. French new wave was more about experimentalism and artistic style. New wave filmmakers explored new approaches to editing, visual style, and narrative, as well as engagement with social and political changes. The new wave is considered to be one of the most influential movements in the entirety of cinema history.

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Breathless 1960 by Jean Luc Godard  full movie with english subtitles

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In the 70's, action oriented and more violent films increasingly popular in France. With this, directors also became eager to start incorporating politics into their work.

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Le Juge Fayard, dit le Shériff // Bande Annonce Officielle - VF

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Although there was certainly no shortage in talent when it came to the filmmaking industry in France in the 80's, audiences for cinema were declining due to the popularization of television, as well as the worsening economic situation.

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SUMMER OF 85 | Official U.S. Trailer | A film by François Ozon