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Carnival culture in the Caribbean

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Top 10 Biggest and Best Carnivals In the Caribbean

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Ramleela  celebrated 10 days before Divali, the story tells how sita the wife of king rama was saved from the demon king Ravvan. Memebers of the Hindu community act out the various parts of the play.

Divali is celebrated in honour of Mother Lakshmi the Goddess of Light.  Hindus usually fast by abstaining from eating meat and drinking alcoholic beverages

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Life is all about happiness and as human beings, social interaction with our fellow beings not only brings happiness but helps us grow our capacity to learn languages, familiarise ourselves with cultures, inquire, think, play and work.

We are dependent on social heritage, which is a mixture of customs, traditions, moral values, attitudes, festivals, folklore, beliefs and ideals not only makes us who we are but binds us to pass it on from one generation to another.

Festivals have both social and economic angles. In the chaotic and stressful planet we inhabit, happiness is overshadowed by negativity and insecurity and so the need for something that could bring positivity has been felt time and again. Thus, festivals that give us the opportunity to forget all our worries and celebrate the positive side of life, even if it is for a few days, came into existence.

Festivals act like stress relievers and help us balance our emotions. More positivity naturally lowers negativity. It also provides an opportunity to reduce friction and brings estranged friends and relatives together in a bond of love.

Nothing brings people together like festivals do. They play a pivotal role in nation-building; bringing people from every religious, economic and social background together. If we look at the fascinating journey of human evolution, we understand that human beings do not invent or create something unless it is required. There is no written history to explain when festival celebrations started but in ancient Greece and Rome, festivals linked with religion, social organisation and political processes were celebrated

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Independence DayDate: 31/08Trinidad and Tobago gained its independence from Great Britain on August 31st 1962. At midnight on 30th August 1962, the Union Jack (British flag) was lowered and the Trinidad and Tobago flag was raised for the first time. Bells tolled and sirens rang out to herald the birth of the newly independent nation. This first Independence Day was marked by more than a week of festivities and events across the country from August 28 to September 05, 1962 (See the Programme of Events). Several international dignitaries were present for this auspicious occasion including the Queen’s representative, Her Royal Highness, The Princess Royal who read the message sent by Queen Elizabeth II, relinquishing her rule

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Independence DayDate: 31/08Trinidad and Tobago gained its independence from Great Britain on August 31st 1962. At midnight on 30th August 1962, the Union Jack (British flag) was lowered and the Trinidad and Tobago flag was raised for the first time. Bells tolled and sirens rang out to herald the birth of the newly independent nation. This first Independence Day was marked by more than a week of festivities and events across the country from August 28 to September 05, 1962 (See the Programme of Events). Several international dignitaries were present for this auspicious occasion including the Queen’s representative, Her Royal Highness, The Princess Royal who read the message sent by Queen Elizabeth II, relinquishing her rule

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The history of Caribbean Carnivals is much more complex than many realize. Caribbean Carnival celebration has origins based in colonialism and religious conversion as Europeans settled in the Caribbean Region. It has now become a festival and celebration tied to freedom and the emancipation of slavery. For those who celebrate, it is a yearlong event, with preparations, festivities, Fat Tuesday, music and dance, and much-needed recovery. Costumes and masks and performances can take an entire year to perfect, with artists showcasing their traditional costumes and crafts.

Caribbean Carnivals are now celebrated around the world, with huge celebrations in Canada, U.S, Notting hill in the United Kingdom. Although it is easy to become distracted by the incredible, colorful costumes, music, and dance, it is important to remember the history and cultural significance of these spectacular celebrations.

Egypt and Europe

Historians believe Ancient Egyptians were the first to celebrate Carnival as a pagan festival, which was eventually adopted by the Greeks and Romans. Incorporated into the Roman Catholic Church, Carnival was celebrated in Italy, before gaining traction in France and Spain. The word Carnival has Latin origins, Caro being the Latin word for "meat" or "flesh," and vale meaning "farewell" - the interpretation is "farewell to flesh." The "farewell to flesh" is in reference to the practice in Catholicism to stop eating red meat during Lent, from Ash Wednesday until Easter. Carnival was a celebratory feast lasting from the Sunday to Tuesday prior. In the late 18th century, European settlers, British nationals, and African slaves came to settle in Trinidad and Tobago. They brought with them this annual pre-Lenten Carnival celebration of extravagant Fat Tuesday masquerade balls. With time elements of the various cultures combined, which encompassed carnival traditions from each ethnic group.

African Influence

People from Africa were brought to the Caribbean as slaves. The Yoruba people were taken from Nigeria and the last to arrive on the islands. Their strong culture dominated the Caribbean Africans, and they were able to practice their religion by pretending they were praying to Catholic saints. This allowed their culture to continue despite oppression: this new culture combined European practices with West African traditions. One of the new cultural traditions was the celebration of the Canboulay. The Canboulay was a night-time parade-of-sorts, which gathered slaves to put out sugar cane fires at a nearby sugar cane plantation. Canboulay was the Creole word for burning canes. Along this march to put out fires, they would sing, dance, drum, stick fight, and light torches. The Canboulay drummers were Yoruba religious figures known as Shango or Rada, today known as Orisha.

Trinidad

Caribbean Carnivals, as we know them today, really started to take shape in 1834 with the end of slavery. The Canboulay and European Mardi Gras masquerade combined to take on a modern form of Carnival. Through music, dress, and dance, those previously enslaved now celebrated their native culture. The festival became a fusion of African influence and heritage with Creole culture. Carnival became a celebration of freedom. To this day, Trinidad has the most notorious Caribbean Carnivals and, from the very beginning, has celebrated with four elements; calypso/soca (song), steelpan (music), mas (masquerade balls), and wine (dance). The Canboulay stick-fighting was also an important element of early Carnival, which became banned by British authorities. Instead of the traditional stick-fighting, they used bamboo sticks, which were beaten together until those too were banned. In 1937, the bamboo was replaced with frying pans, dustbin lids, and oil drums that were banged together. These were referred to as steelpans and a major part of Trinidadian music.

The British tried to abolish these new celebrations, creating laws and propaganda to stop them. Parties required a special license, and the British prevented the use of drums and torches known as flambeaux with a series of new laws. Representing so much more than a pre-Lenten festival, the people fought to defend Carnival, with many of these struggles ending in death. The most infamous event being the Canboulay Riot in Port of Spain in 1881. Captain Arthur Black was brought into office under the order to rid Trinidad of Canboulay festivities. In 1881 he issued an attack on Canboulay masqueraders during these riots. In 1884, he turned to the South and issued a plan to attack those celebrating Carnival. In Princes Town, police officers and Special Constables were armed with rifles, waiting for the events to begin. They intended on waiting until a Canboulay band passed before them on the street. The Canboulay was prepared and knew the plan and headed straight for the police station, unafraid. One of the Canboulay died with three injured. Similar events occurred throughout Trinidad as the British attempted to end Carnival once and for all.

Due to the sacrifices and fight against England's attempts to suppress Carnival, it has survived and become the celebration we know today. Originally Carnival was held three days prior to Ash Wednesday, from Sunday to Tuesday. However, due to a great deal of criticism and conflict over-celebrating on the Sabbath (Sunday), Carnival was restricted to Monday and Tuesday only in 1943. Carnival was also banned during World War II but was then allowed to continue.

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History of Caribbean Carnival - The Caribbean Views

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Caribbean Carnivals are now celebrated around the world, with huge celebrations in Canada, U.S, Notting hill in the United Kingdom. Although it is easy to become distracted by the incredible, colorful costumes, music, and dance, it is important to remember the history and cultural significance of th

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Christmas is a religious festival celebrated by Christmas. The celebrated Christmas to remember the birth of Jesus Christ. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th December every year. Christmas carols and parang are also sung at this time. Lost of foods and drinks are prepared on this day such as fruitcake , ham, pastelle, sorrel, egg nog and ginger beer. Creches colourful decoration and lighting up of trees and streets are part of the traditions. Santa Claus is seen at the malls.

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picture of carnival costume

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Born August 1, 1950 in St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, N.Nick Perry is an American politician who has served as the United States Ambassador to Jamaica since 2022.  In 1983, Perry was appointed as a member of Brooklyn Community Board 17. He later served as chairman of that board and the following year he ran as a candidate for District Leader in the 42nd Assembly District.  Since 2001, Perry has been the vice-chair of the Assembly Majority Conference and majority whip. He also serves on the New York State Assembly Committees on Ways & Means, Rules, Codes, Labor, Transportation and Banks.

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Rastafari, also spelled Ras Tafari, religious and political movement, begun in Jamaica in the 1930s and adopted by many groups around the globe, that combines Protestant Christianity, Mysticism and a pan-African political consciousness.

Rastafari “livity,” or the principle of balanced lifestyle, includes the wearing of long hair locked in its natural, uncombed state, dressing in the colours of red, green, gold, and black, which symbolizes the life force of blood, herbs, royalty, and Africanness, and eating an “I-tal” (natural, vegetarian) diet. Religious rituals include prayer services, the smoking of ganja (marijuana) to achieve better “itation” (meditation) with Jah, and “bingis” (all-night drumming ceremonies). Reggae music grew out of the Rastafari movement and was made popular throughout the world by the Jamaican singer and songwriter Bob Marley.

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Medicinal use and study of herbs has been advanced by the Rastafarian movement. Once only reserved to “Herbalist” in the countryside of Jamaica, the Rastafarian movement took the practice of using herbs to all aspects of the Jamaican population. Their adherence to natural medication and their many uses of marijuana has provided a stepping stone for many scientific studies of many of the herbs in Jamaica. They have been at the forefront of the legalization of Ganja worldwide for use in their religion and also for medical purposes.

Ravanna Ramsawak

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 Eid ul Fitr is a three-day celebration that takes place in the holy month of Ramadan at the start of Shawwal, the 10th month of the Islamic Calendar. It is also known as the festival of breaking fast as it marks the end of the month of Ramadan. 

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 Eid ul Fitr is a three-day celebration that takes place in the holy month of Ramadan at the start of Shawwal, the 10th month of the Islamic Calendar. It is also known as the festival of breaking fast as it marks the end of the month of Ramadan. 

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This religious Eid is the only day in the month Shawwal during which Muslims are not permitted to fast.  Eid ul Fitr is a very important festival in the Islamic calendar and was started by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.

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Emancipation Parade and Brief History

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Paule Marshall was an author who drew on her upbringing to animate the lives of the characters in her books, many of them strong women. She forged a link between the African-American and Caribbean literary canons

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Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica, to Norval Marley and Cedella Booker. His father was a Jamaican of English descent. His mother was a black teenager. The couple planned to get married but Norval left Kingston before this could happen. Bob Marley started his career with the Wailers, a group he formed with Peter Tosh and Bunny Livingston in 1963. Marley married Rita Marley in February 1966, and it was she who introduced him to Rastafarianism. By 1969 Bob, Tosh and Livingston had fully embraced Rastafarianism, which greatly influence Marley's music in particular and on reggae music in general. In 1976, during a period of spiraling political violence in Jamaica, an attempt was made on Marley's life. Marley left for England, where he lived in self-exile for two years. In England "Exodus" was produced, and it remained on the British charts for 56 straight weeks. This was followed by another successful album, "Kaya." These successes introduced reggae music to the western world for the first time, and established the beginning of Marley's international status. Retrieved from: 

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Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica, to Norval Marley and Cedella Booker. His father was a Jamaican of English descent. His mother was a black teenager. The couple planned to get married but Norval left Kingston before this could happen. Bob Marley started his career with the Wailers, a group he formed with Peter Tosh and Bunny Livingston in 1963. Marley married Rita Marley in February 1966, and it was she who introduced him to Rastafarianism. By 1969 Bob, Tosh and Livingston had fully embraced Rastafarianism, which greatly influence Marley's music in particular and on reggae music in general. In 1976, during a period of spiraling political violence in Jamaica, an attempt was made on Marley's life. Marley left for England, where he lived in self-exile for two years. In England "Exodus" was produced, and it remained on the British charts for 56 straight weeks. This was followed by another successful album, "Kaya." These successes introduced reggae music to the western world for the first time, and established the beginning of Marley's international status. Retrieved from: 

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Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica, to Norval Marley and Cedella Booker. His father was a Jamaican of English descent. His mother was a black teenager. The couple planned to get married but Norval left Kingston before this could happen. Norval died in 1955, seeing his son only once.

Bob Marley started his career with the Wailers, a group he formed with Peter Tosh and Bunny Livingston in 1963. Marley married Rita Marley in February 1966, and it was she who introduced him to Rastafarianism. By 1969 Bob, Tosh and Livingston had fully embraced Rastafarianism, which greatly influence Marley's music in particular and on reggae music in general. The Wailers collaborated with Lee Scratch Perry, resulting in some of the Wailers' finest tracks like "Soul Rebel", "Duppy Conquerer", "400 Years" and "Small Axe." This collaboration ended bitterly when the Wailers found that Perry, thinking the records were his, sold them in England without their consent. However, this brought the Wailers' music to the attention of Chris Blackwell, the owner of Island Records.

Blackwell immediately signed the Wailers and produced their first album, "Catch a Fire". This was followed by "Burnin'", featuring tracks as "Get Up Stand Up" and "I Shot the Sheriff." Eric Clapton's cover of that song reached #1 in the US. In 1974 Tosh and Livingston left the Wailers to start solo careers. Marley later formed the band "Bob Marley and the Wailers", with his wife Rita as one of three backup singers called the I-Trees. This period saw the release of some groundbreaking albums, such as "Natty Dread", "Rastaman Vibration".

In 1976, during a period of spiraling political violence in Jamaica, an attempt was made on Marley's life. Marley left for England, where he lived in self-exile for two years. In England "Exodus" was produced, and it remained on the British charts for 56 straight weeks. This was followed by another successful album, "Kaya." These successes introduced reggae music to the western world for the first time, and established the beginning of Marley's international status.

In 1977 Marley consulted with a doctor when a wound in his big toe would not heal. More tests revealed malignant melanoma. He refused to have his toe amputated as his doctors recommended, claiming it contradicted his Rastafarian beliefs. Others, however, claim that the main reason behind his refusal was the possible negative impact on his dancing skills. The cancer was kept secret from the general public while Bob continued working.

Returning to Jamaica in 1978, he continued work and released "Survival" in 1979 which was followed by a successful European tour. In 1980 he was the only foreign artist to participated in the independence ceremony of Zimbabwe. It was a time of great success for Marley, and he started an American tour to reach blacks in the US. He played two shows at Madison Square Garden, but collapsed while jogging in NYC's Central Park on September 21, 1980. The cancer diagnosed earlier had spread to his brain, lungs and stomach. Bob Marley died in a Miami hospital on May 11, 1981. He was 36 years old.

- IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous & MO840
Always had his hair in dreadlocks

Started every performance by proclaiming the divinity of Jah Rastafari

Marley was awarded the International Peace Medal by the African delegation to the United Nations in 1978. He was also an official guest at Zimbabwe's independence celebration two years later, an honor Marley was quoted as saying was the highest he'd ever received.

Is father, with his wife Rita of Sharon Marley Prendergast (adopted), Cedella Marley, Ziggy Marley, Stephen Marley, and Stephanie (possibly adopted). He also had seven illegitimate children Rohan (b. 1972) (with Janet Dunn/Hunt), Robbie (b. 1972) (with Pat/Lucille Williams), Karen (b. 1973) (with Janet Bowen), Julian Marley (with Lucy Pounder), Damian Marley (with Cindy Breakspeare), Ky-Mani Marley (with Anita Belnavis) and Makeda Jahnesta who was born to Yvette Anderson/Crichton 11 days after he died in 1981.

Survived an assassination attempt, receiving minor injuries in the chest and arm (December 1976).

His albums are in the process of digital remastering and are being re-released with additional material such as alternate versions and unused demos.

His posthumously released anthology collection "Legend" is one of the highest selling "greatest hits" recordings by a solo artist.

His grandson Zion David was born on 3 August 1997.

His granddaughter Selah Louise was born on 18 November 1998.

He is buried in a crypt at Nine Miles, near his birthplace, with his Gibson Les Paul Guitar, a soccer ball, a cannabis bud, and a Bible.

Born to Norval Sinclair Marley (1895-1955), a Jamaican Marine officer and captain of Welsh descent, who later became a plantation overseer, and his wife Cedella Marley.

Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.

His song "One Love" has been used extensively for Jamaican tourism commercials.

He was voted the 11th Greatest Rock 'n' Roll Artist of all time by Entertainment Weekly.

His album 'Exodus' was chosen by Time magazine as the greatest album of the 20th century.

Was arrested in England for possession of a joint of a marijuana.

Was voted the third greatest lyricist of all time by BBC News Online users, following Bob Dylan and John Lennon (May 2001).

Considered by many to be the first superstar from the Third World.

His song 'Rasta Man Chant' is a traditional Rastafarian chant, known to every adherent of the faith.

Following the attempt on his life, he left Jamaica and lived in England between 1976 and 1978. In England he did not live with his wife Rita, but with Jamaican beauty queen Cindy Breakspeare. In fact, the song "Turn Your Lights Down Low" was written for her. They had a son together, Damian Marley.

It was announced that his wife plans to have his remains exhumed and moved to Ethiopia (January 2005).

Lived in the United States shortly in 1966.

Refused amputation of his cancer-affected toe due to his religious beliefs.

Suffered from a form of skin cancer called malignant melanoma, which is not common among black people. It's widely believed that Marley got this form of skin cancer because his father was white.

Was given a state funeral in Jamaica.

The lyrics of his song "War" is a speech given in the United Nations by the late Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie.

Was an avid and passionate footballer.

Was named by his father Nesta Robert Marley after his brother who, when Bob was just born, wanted to adopt him.

During the last months of his life, he suffered from very serious seizures.

His youngest child, a daughter named Makeda, was born to Yvette Anderson 11 days after he died.

Lived in Germany for a few months in 1981 for treatment for his cancer.

Tuff Gong was his nickname, given to him due to his reputed physical strength. Later, Marley started his own music production company and named it Tuff Gong.

Inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame for his outstanding contribution to British music and integral part of British music culture (11 November 2004).

The City of New York renamed a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to 98th Street in Brooklyn Bob Marley Boulevard (2006).

Was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (2001).

His mother, Cedella (Malcolm), who was of African descent, was born in Jamaica, to Alberta Willoughby and Omeriah Malcolm. His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was born in Clarendon, Jamaica, to Ellen Bloomfield and Albert Thomas Marley, who had English ancestry.

He was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 7080 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California.

Bob's home for his music publishing for 10 years, most of his writing life, was Cayman Music, run by Danny Sims and Johnny Nash who also signed Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer as well as many of Jamaica's most prominent artists and writers of the time.

My music will go on forever. Maybe it's a fool say that, but when me know facts me can say facts. My music will go on forever.

I have a BMW. But only because BMW stands for Bob Marley and The Wailers, and not because I need an expensive car.

Bob Marley isn't my name. I don't even know my name yet.

I no have education. I have inspiration. If I was educated I would be a damn fool.

[on politics] Well, everything is political. I will never be a politician or even think political. Me just deal with life and nature. That is the greatest thing to me.

[on marijuana] Herb? Herb is a plant. Herb is so good for everything. Why these people who want to do so much good for everyone, who call themselves government and this and that, why them say you must not use the herb? You see, them say you must not use the herb because it makes you a rebel. Against what?

My music fights against the system that teaches to live and die.

Better to die fighting for freedom then be a prisoner all the days of your life.

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Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica, to Norval Marley and Cedella Booker. His father was a Jamaican of English descent. His mother was a black teenager. The couple planned to get married but Norval left Kingston before this could happen.

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Phagwa or Holi is celebrated in T&T by the Hindu community and as the festival of harvest and is signaled by the bloom of the Poui trees that are part of the landscape of our beautiful island.

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Eid ul Fitr is a celebration of the completion of the Muslim month of Ramadan and takes place on the first day of the following month of Shawwal. Around five percent of Trinidad and Tobago's population is Muslim, most of them being of Indian origin ethnically.

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Eid ul Fitr is a celebration of the completion of the Muslim month of Ramadan and takes place on the first day of the following month of Shawwal. Around five percent of Trinidad and Tobago's population is Muslim, most of them being of Indian origin ethnically.

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was the first lady of dance born on the 2nd of November 1913 and died on 30th march 2000 at the age of 86. she was best known for dance folk dance and choreography she was the first lady of dance and the founder of the little carib theatre .

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La Belle Rosette, dancer extraordinaire. She established the Little Carib Theatre and dedicated her life to dance. In 1959 she was appointed OBE, and in 1969 she was presented with the Hummingbird Gold Medal of Trinidad and Tobago.[9] In 1976 the University of the West Indies conferred on her the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws and in America in 1978 she was honoured along with Katharine Dunham and Pearl Primus at the Twentieth Anniversary Gala of the Alvin Ailey Theater.

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Paule Marshall, born on April 9th, 1929; was an influential writer whose novels and short stories about ethnic identity, race and colonialism reflected her upbringing in Brooklyn as a daughter of poor immigrants Barbados.

Ms. Marshall was studying for a career in social work when tuberculosis forced her to drop out of Hunter College, part of the City University of New York, and spent a year at a sanatorium. Immersing herself in books and letter writing, she decided to study English upon her return, then transferred to Brooklyn College and graduated in 1952. She later died at age 90.

Marshall’s writings have poetically evoked the Afro-Caribbean experience in the region and in the Caribbean diaspora. Through five novels and several collections of short stories and novellas, Ms. Marshall created strong female characters, evoked the linguistic rhythms of Barbadian speech, and forged an early link between the African-American and Caribbean literary canons.

She was best know for her debut novel, “Brown  Girl, Brownstones” which tells the story of Selina Boyce, a girl growing up in a small black immigrant community. Her protagonists were almost always women (black women) who possessed a power and self-assurance that was rarely seen in print when she began writing in the 1950s. Her work examined racism, colonialism and what she described as an oppressive, far-reaching system of financial exploitation.

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Easter In The Caribbean, Celebrating  Easter Traditions

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Born on September 7, 1919 in Kingston, Jamaica and died July 26, 2006 Ms. Louise was a Jamaican poet and activist amongst others. She remains a household name in Jamaican a 'Living Legend' and a cultural icon.

In May of 1943 she began publishing a column of her verses in the Sunday Gleaner each week. Fast-forward to 1945 she was awarded a British Council scholarship in the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art(RADA), the famous drama school in Britain.

Ms. Louise created the popular Jamaican Broadcasting Corporation Television (JBC-TV) programme for children, 'Ring Ding' which aired between 1970 and 1982. This encouraged youths to sing, dance, and recite poetry.
She also gifted stage performer and entertained many crowds in Jamaica and overseas. Beyond her entertainment she sought to educate and uplift Jamaican society.
On Independence Day of 2001, she was appointed as a Member of the Order of Merit for her distinguished contribution to the development of the Arts and Culture i.e., cultural ambassador by the Jamaica Government

https://youtu.be/aY08tz_rqUw

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LOUISE BENNETT Miss Lou her LIFE WORKS 1919-2006

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According to (HISTORY.COM EDITORS, 2018), Mr. Alexander Hamilton was born on the Beautiful Island of Nevis in the year either 1755 or 1757. During the Revolutionary War, Alexander Hamilton established himself as one of America's most prominent Founding Fathers. He was the first Secretary of the United States Treasury.

(Rajiv Seuchan)

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Alexander Hamilton: Facts, Birth, Children & Death - HISTORY

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Alexander Hamilton, one of America’s most influential Founding Fathers and Treasury secretaries, had a brilliant political career until he was killed in an 1804 duel.

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The Tobago Heritage Festival - it's a festival that aims at preserving the folk traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation. It was first introduced by J.D. Elder in 1987, the Secretary of Culture in the Tobago House of Assembly at the time. It aimed at develop an event in Tobago by which the island could be recognized internationally, regionally and locally; to assist in the preservation of the island's indigenous art forms and its disappearing heritage; and sell Tobago as a holiday destination which would develop the island culturally, socially and economically. 

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The Tobago Heritage Festival - it's a festival that aims at preserving the folk traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation. It was first introduced by J.D. Elder in 1987, the Secretary of Culture in the Tobago House of Assembly at the time. It aimed at develop an event in Tobago by which the island could be recognized internationally, regionally and locally; to assist in the preservation of the island's indigenous art forms and its disappearing heritage; and sell Tobago as a holiday destination which would develop the island culturally, socially and economically. 

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Aubrey Cummings who was born in 1947 and grew up Alberton/ Queenstown neighborhood of Georgetown, Guyana found interest and excitement in popular music and the music industry, because of his love for it he taught himself how to play the guitar.

his music reputation was established  in his time in Queenstown Roman Catholic's primary school, however The birth of his career impacted on music on the 1960's

In Barbados, Cummings had a prominent  musical career as both a guitarist and vocalist. In 1984 and again in 1985, Cummings won the Best Male Vocalist Award in Barbados. During the same period, he consistently won prizes at the Caribbean Song Festivals organized by the Caribbean Broadcasting Union. His guitar work also attracted critical acclaim, and he was a regular contributor to the acoustic guitar festivals organized by Barbados' National Cultural Foundation.

Aubrey Cummings said, he said that popular music contributed to the healing of Guyana during the 1960s and 1970s and can do so again. His musical career is a reminder of the pervasiveness of music in Guyanese social life.

Throughout his musical career, the influence of race, class, and color in Guyana during the 20th century can be found in his music. His experiences demonstrated that Guyanese musicians worked hard. This attribute paid off as many of the musicians of Cummings's era who have migrated established satisfying careers overseas. Overall, it can be said by many that Aubrey Cummings is not only a musician of a generation, he is a cultural hero.

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A Flower Name June - Aubrey Cummings Accompanied by The Brothers

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Beryl Eugenia McBurnie  was born on  the 2nd November 1913 .
She was a Trinidadian dancer who promoted the culture and arts of Trinidad and Tobago as her life's work.

She aided in the promotion of Trinidad and Tobago's cultural legitimacy, which would bring the country into the age of independence.

McBurnie devoted her life to dancing and is regarded as one of the most influential figures in modern Trinidadian  pop culture. Additionally She established the Little Carib Theatre located in Woodbrook, Port of Spain.

Jade Newton

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Professor Ralston Milton "Rex" Nettleford, a Jamaican scholar, choreographer, social critic, and Vice-Chancellor Emeritus of UWI.

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Professor Ralston Milton "Rex" Nettleford, a Jamaican scholar, choreographer, social critic, and Vice-Chancellor Emeritus of UWI.

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Born on February 3rd 1933 in  Falmouth, Jamaica, Nettleford attended Unity Primary School in Bunkers Hill, Trelawny, and graduated from Cornwall College in Montego Bay, Jamaica, before going to the University of the West Indies (UWI) to obtain an honors degree in history. He was a recipient of the 1957 Rhodes Scholarship to Oriel College, Oxford, where he received a postgraduate degree in Politics,[7] returning to Jamaica in the early 1960s to take up a position at UWI. At Cornwall College he acted in productions of the college's drama club, and was published as a poet.

through choreography (Dance) attempted to preserve Jamaica's cultural heritage and co-founded the National Dance Theatre Company (NDTC) in 1962 which was used to and continues to extend his cultural influence. This voluntary group of dancers, singers, musicians, and creative technicians has achieved world acclaim through blending the Lore, music, and dance traditions of Jamaica, Africa, and South America with ballet both modern and classical. This group has over the last half-century helped with Caribbean development, specifically tourism, by showing other countries Caribbean culture in such a way that encourages potential visitors to travel to our islands.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnLeNZ5FyMU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ2-dODg0tI

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0:00 / 45:10•Watch full video

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Renaissance Man: A Documentary of the Life of Professor The Honourable Rex Nettleford, OM, FIJ, OCC

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The use of marijuana was popularized in some opinions by members of the Rastafarian faith who rose to prominence like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and many other contemporary artistes.

Rastafarians have greatly been associated with the rise and development of Reggae music. It has set the pace for Caribbean music and is incorporated in many genres across the world. People from all over the world travel to Jamaica to experience Reggae music firsthand which brings economic benefits to the country/region.

Our fashion has been directly linked to that of Rastafarians. We have incorporated their designs and their belief systems in our clothing and jewelry.

DayanahPerrotte

https://youtu.be/6Lcm6Z6Cn2E

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Aubrey Cummings (1947-2010) was a Guyanese musician and singer. He also spent a large part of his life in Barbados. Cummings was part of several bands throughout his career such as the Rhythmnaires and the Dominators. He played rhythm guitar and did arrangements for a lot of the music produced. In 2005, he produced his own album, "Moon Over Me".
(Kandace Jackson)

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Campbell was born in Cap-Haïtien a city in northern Haiti, where she attended the SOD Nursing School,

Campbell ran in the Democratic primary against state rep Ronald Brise Following where she defeated Desulme by fewer than 400 votes, winning 52% of the vote and advancing to the general election, which she won unopposed.

During her first legislative term, Campbell spoke strongly in favor of pro-life legislation, "speaking out against abortion and quoting the Bible, which prompted Democrat Scott Randolph to remark that he "hoped Campbell enjoyed her two years in the House," implying that he intended to oppose her when she sought re-election. Campbell responded "You have no right. God put me he

Campbell was also the only Florida House Democrat to vote in favor of a bill mandating a 24-hour waiting period to obtain an abortion and co-sponsored legislation banning workplace pregnancy discrimination. She joined with her colleagues in the minority to oppose legislation that provided additional funding to private and virtual schools, instead calling for more money to be invested in public education. Education for all regardless of economic back ground.

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Kamala Harris is currently the Vice-President of the United States. Her father was Jamaican while her mother was Indian. She grew up with the influence and understanding of the two regions. Throughout her career as an attorney and a politician, Harris drew from her heritage to influence policies and advocacy for black people and other minorities in the US.
(Kandace Jackson)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdbOTtdtvu0

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Kamala Harris' Jamaican family 'excited' about her VP nomination | AFP

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Louise Bennet also know as Miss Lou as a mother of Jamaican Culture
she was a celebrated poet, performer, writer, educator , folklorist and activist. her work comprises of poems song ad stories based on analysis and commentary of the Jamaicans way of life and a champion of Jamaican dialect.

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Mr. Martin Wylde Carter was born in Georgetown, British Guiana in 1927. His mixed African, Indian, and European ancestors belonged to the colored middle class. Mr. Carter was also a well known poet in Guyana.

(Rajiv Seuchan)

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GEORGE PADMORE (1901-1959)                                    A journalist, radical activist, and theoretician, George Padmore did more than perhaps any other single individual to shape the theory and discourse of Pan-African anti-imperialism in the first half of the twentieth century.Born Malcolm Nurse in Trinidad in 1901, Padmore moved to the United States in 1925 to study at Fisk and Howard Universities. In 1928 he dropped out of Howard’s law school and joined the American Communist Party. Quickly rising in Party ranks as an expert on race and imperialism, Padmore moved to Moscow, USSR in 1929 to head the Comintern’s International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers and to edit the Negro Worker. In 1931 he published the influential pamphlet, The Life and Struggles of Negro Toilers.                                                                    Padmore settled in London, UK in 1936. There he helped foster a radical milieu of Pan-Africanist intellectuals that included Padmore’s childhood friend, the Trotskyist theorist C.L.R. James. In 1936 Padmore published How Britain Rules Africa, followed a year later by Africa and World Peace. Along with I.T.A. Wallace-Johnson, Padmore and James founded the International African Service Bureau in 1937.                                   He was a principal organizer of the Manchester Pan-African Congress in 1945, which helped lay the foundation for postwar African colonial liberation movements. Throughout this period Padmore’s articles and essays were printed regularly in the Chicago Defender, the Pittsburgh Courier, and The Crisis, as well as in newspapers throughout Britain, West Africa, and the Caribbean. Padmore’s international journalism and other writings linked African American struggles with liberation movements in Africa and with African Diaspora peoples around the world and thus had a profound effect on the contours of black political thought.George Padmore spent his final years in newly independent Ghana as an advisor and mentor to Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah. He died in London in 1959.                                                                                          

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GEORGE PADMORE (1901-1959)                                    A journalist, radical activist, and theoretician, George Padmore did more than perhaps any other single individual to shape the theory and discourse of Pan-African anti-imperialism in the first half of the twentieth century.Born Malcolm Nurse in Trinidad in 1901, Padmore moved to the United States in 1925 to study at Fisk and Howard Universities. In 1928 he dropped out of Howard’s law school and joined the American Communist Party. Quickly rising in Party ranks as an expert on race and imperialism, Padmore moved to Moscow, USSR in 1929 to head the Comintern’s International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers and to edit the Negro Worker. In 1931 he published the influential pamphlet, The Life and Struggles of Negro Toilers.                                                                    Padmore settled in London, UK in 1936. There he helped foster a radical milieu of Pan-Africanist intellectuals that included Padmore’s childhood friend, the Trotskyist theorist C.L.R. James. In 1936 Padmore published How Britain Rules Africa, followed a year later by Africa and World Peace. Along with I.T.A. Wallace-Johnson, Padmore and James founded the International African Service Bureau in 1937.                                   He was a principal organizer of the Manchester Pan-African Congress in 1945, which helped lay the foundation for postwar African colonial liberation movements. Throughout this period Padmore’s articles and essays were printed regularly in the Chicago Defender, the Pittsburgh Courier, and The Crisis, as well as in newspapers throughout Britain, West Africa, and the Caribbean. Padmore’s international journalism and other writings linked African American struggles with liberation movements in Africa and with African Diaspora peoples around the world and thus had a profound effect on the contours of black political thought.George Padmore spent his final years in newly independent Ghana as an advisor and mentor to Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah. He died in London in 1959.                                                                                          

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Martin Wylde Carter was a Guyanese poet and political activist. Widely regarded as the greatest Guyanese poet, and one of the most important poets of the Caribbean region, Carter is best known for his poems of protest, resistance and revolution. He played an active role in Guyanese politics, particularly in the years leading up Independence in 1966 and those immediately following. He was famously imprisoned by the British government in Guyana (then British Guiana) in October 1953 under allegations of "spreading dissension", and again in June 1954 for taking part in a PPP procession. Shortly after being released from prison the first time, he published his best-known poetry collection, Poems of Resistance from British Guiana (1954).
https://newworldjournal.org/volumes/volume-1-1963/i-come-from-the-nigger-yard/

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Rex Nettleford has shaped the cultural and intellectual landscape of Jamaica as well as the wider Caribbean as a writer, dancer and trade unionist. In his work, he has sought to emphasize the importance of cultural identity and has done much to persuade Jamaica and the rest of the Caribbean of the central place that culture ought to take. In 1962 co-founded the National Dance Theatre Company to extend his cultural vision. The dance company has gained recognition for its well established repertoire of ballets, dance dramas among others.

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Aubrey Cummings - Musician and Vocalist

Birth Aubrey Cummings was born in the year 1947 and grew up in the Alberttown / Queenstown neighbourhoods of Georgetown, Guyana Discovered talent His decision to develop a career in pop music was influenced by Michael Bacchus and the Heartbreakers. The magic of popular music and show business excited him, and he took up the guitar. He is a self-taught guitarist.

The first band Cummings joined was Bumble and the Saints in 1965--the early days of the string band era. He attended Queenstown Roman Catholic Primary School where he developed a reputation as an artist. However, it was not his art that would make Cummings a household name in Guyana during the 1960s and 1970s, it was his music. The birth of his music career Cummings' impact on music in the 1960s Bumble and the Saints was one of the bands that consolidated the shift from the big band sounds of Tom Charles and the Syncopaters, Nello and the Luckies, and Al Seales to the new styles and sounds of string bands.

Guyanese string bands and musicians attracted attention in the Caribbean, and in 1965, Bumble and the Saints toured Barbados with Johnny Braff with moderate success. On his return from Barbados, Cummings joined Joe Wong and the Dominators. Cummings' next stop was with the Music Machine.

The members of the band included Aubrey Cummings, Colin Aaron, George Reid, and King Souflantis. It had strings and brass. The Guyanese "big band" had resurfaced. Music Machine was also the first band since Combo 7 that paid its members monthly salaries. Members of the Music Machine earned themselves "big reputations."

In Barbados, Cummings would establish an active musical career as guitarist and vocalist. In 1984 and again in 1985, Cummings won the Best Male Vocalist Award in Barbados. During the same period, he consistently won prizes at the Caribbean Song Festivals organized by the Caribbean Broadcasting Union. His guitar work also attracted critical acclaim, and he was a regular contributor to the acoustic guitar festivals organized by Barbados' National Cultural Foundation. According to Aubrey Cummings, he said that popular music contributed to the healing of Guyana during the 1960s and 1970s and can do so again. His musical career is a reminder of the pervasiveness of music in Guyanese social life.

Throughout his musical career, the influence of race, class, and colour in Guyana during the 20th century can be found in his music. His experiences demonstrated that Guyanese musicians worked hard. This attribute paid off as many of the musicians of Cummings's era who have migrated established satisfying careers overseas. Overall, it can be said by many that Aubrey Cummings is not only a musician of a generation, he is a cultural hero.

He was found dead in his car at Haggatt Hall, Saint Michael, Barbados in the evening on April 14, 2010

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwG2exjdifI

By Kerryann James

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2  TODAY IN HISTORY   Birthday of Beryl McBurnie   02 Nov 2010

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when i think of rastas i think of Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) who made the quote a people without the knowledge of their past history origin and culture is like ah tree without roots. amali

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Paule Marshall, original name Valenza Pauline Burke, (born April 9, 1929, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.—died August 12, 2019, Richmond, Virginia)
Ms. Marshall (whose first name is pronounced “Paul”) created strong female characters, evoked the linguistic rhythms of Barbadian speech, and forged an early link between the African-American and Caribbean literary canons. at the age of 63 she was awarded MacArthur fellowship grant.

lanica williams

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-Sternisa McMillan

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Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE: The First Woman Prime Minister of the Island of Dominica

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This self-taught guitarist was born in the year 1947 and he grew up in Georgetown Guyana his decision to develop a career in pop music was influenced by Michael Bacchus and the Heartbreakers. The Bumble and the Saints was the first band he joined in 1965. And in 1978 he migrated to Barbados. He was also an artist

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Submitted by Staff Reporter on Wed, 10/23/2013 - 19:05

Birth Aubrey Cummings was born in the year 1947 and grew up in the Alberttown / Queenstown neighbourhoods of Georgetown, Guyana Discovered talent His decision to develop a career in pop music was influenced by Michael Bacchus and the Heartbreakers. The magic of popular music and show business excited him, and he took up the guitar. He is a self-taught guitarist.

The first band Cummings joined was Bumble and the Saints in 1965--the early days of the string band era. He attended Queenstown Roman Catholic Primary School where he developed a reputation as an artist. However, it was not his art that would make Cummings a household name in Guyana during the 1960s and 1970s, it was his music. The birth of his music career Cummings' impact on music in the 1960s Bumble and the Saints was one of the bands that consolidated the shift from the big band sounds of Tom Charles and the Syncopaters, Nello and the Luckies, and Al Seales to the new styles and sounds of string bands.

Guyanese string bands and musicians attracted attention in the Caribbean, and in 1965, Bumble and the Saints toured Barbados with Johnny Braff with moderate success. On his return from Barbados, Cummings joined Joe Wong and the Dominators. Cummings' next stop was with the Music Machine.

The members of the band included Aubrey Cummings, Colin Aaron, George Reid, and King Souflantis. It had strings and brass. The Guyanese "big band" had resurfaced. Music Machine was also the first band since Combo 7 that paid its members monthly salaries. Members of the Music Machine earned themselves "big reputations."

In Barbados, Cummings would establish an active musical career as guitarist and vocalist. In 1984 and again in 1985, Cummings won the Best Male Vocalist Award in Barbados. During the same period, he consistently won prizes at the Caribbean Song Festivals organized by the Caribbean Broadcasting Union. His guitar work also attracted critical acclaim, and he was a regular contributor to the acoustic guitar festivals organized by Barbados' National Cultural Foundation. According to Aubrey Cummings, he said that popular music contributed to the healing of Guyana during the 1960s and 1970s and can do so again. His musical career is a reminder of the pervasiveness of music in Guyanese social life.

Throughout his musical career, the influence of race, class, and colour in Guyana during the 20th century can be found in his music. His experiences demonstrated that Guyanese musicians worked hard. This attribute paid off as many of the musicians of Cummings's era who have migrated established satisfying careers overseas. Overall, it can be said by many that Aubrey Cummings is not only a musician of a generation, he is a cultural hero.

He was found dead in his car at Haggatt Hall, Saint Michael, Barbados in the evening on April 14, 2010

By Kafi Warner

Guyanese in Edutainment

Notable Guyanese

All

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Birth Aubrey Cummings was born in the year 1947 and grew up in the Alberttown / Queenstown neighbourhoods of Georgetown, Guyana Discovered talent His decision to develop a career in pop music was influenced by Michael Bacchus and the Heartbreakers. The magic of popular music and show business excited him, and he took up the guitar.

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Rex Nettleford was a popular Jamaican choreographer, poet and scholar that known for his art and performances in the 'cultural marronage' which was the spiritual resistance by the maroons towards the white planters and he's a prominent figure in the Rastafarian community, becoming a co-author for the seminal study of the movement.

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Rex Nettleford was a popular Jamaican choreographer, poet and scholar that known for his art and performances in the 'cultural marronage' which was the spiritual resistance by the maroons towards the white planters and he's a prominent figure in the Rastafarian community, becoming a co-author for the seminal study of the movement.

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Born in the 1920’s in Trinidad, Holder began painting, self-taught, at the age of five, and by his seventh birthday he was already playing the piano. By the late nineteen-thirties he had formed a group of dancers and was producing shows depicting the music, songs and dances of Trinidad.

In 1947 Holder went for the first time to New York, teaching Caribbean dance at the Katherine Dunham School, and exhibiting paintings at the Eighth Street Galleries.As a painter in England Boscoe Holder has exhibited in many prestigious venues, and in 1981, Sir Ellis Clarke, former President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago presented Prince Charles and Lady Diana with a Holder painting as a wedding gift from the Republic.

Holder formed his group, Boscoe Holder and his Caribbean Dancers, in London, and had his own television show in 1950, Bal Creole aired on B.B.C. The company performed before Queen Elizabeth II at her coronation in 1953: representing the West Indies.