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A Supreme Court decision that mandates schools to offer students sufficient special instruction to be afforded equal educational opportunity in 1974.

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The reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which adds many new requirements for states and school districts.

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A Supreme Court decision stating that "separate but equal" is still unequal and violated the 14th Amendment in 1954.

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A Supreme Court decision that upheld the "separate but equal" accommodations. Although the ruling originally referred  to seating in a railroad car, it was applied to schools in 1896.

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A Federal legislation that granted each state federal land to establish colleges for the study of agriculture and mechanical arts. Another one was passed in 1890 to create "separate but equal" colleges for African Americans.

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Despite their differences such as in grade levels and objectives, with middle school later replacing junior high, both schools created a bridge between elementary school and high school.

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In 1874, the Michigan courts ruled that the school district could tax the public to support both high schools and elementary schools, and set the precedent for financing public high schools.

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Unlike the private academies at the time, high schools were governed by the public rather than by private school boards. Boston established the first high school in 1821; a second one for girls in 1826.

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A practical alternative form of secondary education in the later half of the colonial period provided for students who were not interested in college.

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Established in 1919 in a formal attempt to reform education by creating new, experimental, child-centered schools.

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A 19th century concept imported from Germany to the US that translates to "garden of children". It's a school division meant for students ages 4-6.

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The 1787 ordinance mandated that with every township that was divided into 36 sections, one would be set aside for the maintenance of public schools. It also emphasized the necessity of religion, morality and knowledge for good government.

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A term used before the American Revolution to refer to public elementary schools that accept children of all economic backgrounds. It was embodiment of universal education.

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A 1647 Massachusetts law that required more than 50 families to pay a teacher to teach the children literacy so they could read the Bible and thwart Satan.