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1. The main voice of authority in the video is John Merrow. He is a broadcast journalist who has also written a book about ways that people can save public education while still in school.
2. In the narrative, there are a few voices talking. One of those voices is Ellen Lagemann, a historian and she speaks on the history of public education, and Horace Mann, the "father of public education" who believed people of all classes should get free education.  Another historian who spoke was Diane Ravitch and she touched on the topic of immigration in public schools because her mother went through that experience of coming into the country wanting to be American.
3. Immigrants were barely included in the narrative because when one of the historians mentioned immigrants coming into the country, it sounded extremely hard for them to be accepted and learn English. Also, in most of the pictures shown in the video, most of the kids were white and the teachers were white as well.
4. I think the report was created to explain the history of public education and where many ideas came from that we use today in school. Horace Mann was spoken of a lot because he had many original ideas on how schools should be operated. Also, the video explains some of the inequalities during that period in time with people of color and any immigrants trying to learn the language.

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1. The main voice of the video is John Merrow. Merrow is a broadcast journalist who reported on education issues; given that he has experience with education and reporting, he is qualified to give information and talk on the topic.

2. The video starts out with Merrow in a classroom of young children. He talks about America, but more specifically public schools. Horace Mann, who is referred to as "the father of education" is talked about when going over the history of public schools; Mann pushed for schooling to be free and open for everyone. Public schools are the main talk, including parents, students, teachers and all those involved.

3. Those excluded were not "white passing." Schooling was pushed more towards white students who knew the language. Although these people wanted to be Americans and live the American Dream, they were unable to.

4. I think this report was created to learn about the creation of public school and what occurred then against what occurs now. People should know about the birth of public schools and what it was made for, but also the struggles and issues that came with it; people had disputing ideas on how the schools should run and what should be taught. The author was informing people on the history of public school and what has changed or stayed the same; it is also pushed that public schools are helpful and knowledgeable, but I believe that depends on the area you live.

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1.The main speaker/narrator is John Merrow.
2.Much of what I am seeing is a lot a white people and not so much colored people. They talk about Harris Man, American Dream, Learning the English Language.
3.Mixed colored people are excluded heavily as well the black people who were not able to get access to education.
4.I think the report was created in order to inform people about how education came to be and why its something great that would help up lift society. As well as an over view of its history. Overall it I consider it a great video that not only informed me but taught me something new although their are better videos out their given others perspectives.

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1. John Merrow, an American broadcast journalist who began vocalizing his concerns for the American education system in the 1970s. PBS News called each of his features "The Merrow Report".

2. Included in this narrative are scholars and historians from NYU, John Merrow, American-born and immigrant public school students, and important figures in public school history.

3. Excluded from this narrative are people of color and immigrants that did not have access to public education because they went straight to work. Students who faced language barriers also weren't accurately represented. Students from private schools weren't featured, which might have been a good juxtaposition to have to compare the differing purposes of education.

4. From eleven minutes, I believe the report was created as a critique to the public education system's purpose, as well as educate people on the origins of public school. In order to understand today's public education system, we must understand the history behind it. The author may also be trying to point out the systemic flaws in American education while addressing those responsible for its current design.

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1. The main voice of this report is John Merrow, who focuses on topics and issues regarding education in the United States. He is most notably known for his efforts with PBS, as a journalist that addressed the educational reform that took place in the American school system during the 1970s. This reform led to the start of free and public education for all students, regardless of social class.

2. The voices that are included in the narrative are historians, scholars, and school advocates who discussed how public education in the United States first emerged with the principles of Horace Mann (the “Father of Public Education”) and the ways in which the American school system continued to progress over the years to further benefit students. Some of these advocates and historians include Ellen Lagemann (who explained the creation of “common schools”), David Tyack (who explained the role of the local and federal government in this educational reform), and Diane Ravitch (who spoke on behalf of her mother’s experience with the American school system). The voices of students and parents were also included in this narrative.

3. The voices that were excluded in this narrative are those of immigrants and people of color. In other words, most of the historians and school advocates present in this report spoke on behalf of what it was like for “white passing” students to go through public education and how it benefited them, without mentioning what it was like for those of color. Due to this lack of representation, the narrative of this report lacks diversity in thought (like the impact of language barriers and cultural assimilation on immigrants), which makes it somewhat inaccurate.

4. I think that this report was created to allow the author to inform the audience about how public education in the United States came into existence and the systematic changes that it underwent over the years, making it what it is today. Furthermore, the author probably created this report to give us knowledge about what the American school system was like before this reform took place and the flaws that it had during the process of construction.

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1. As of thus far in the film, John Merrow is the main voice in the report; he is an American broadcast journalist who reported on education issues staring in the 1970s.

2. I see white individuals - more specifically, white historians - on the screen who talk about Horace Mann - an individual in the 19th century who believed in the power of public schools, as it would unite children of all social classes.

3. I have not yet seen a colored individual who talks in regards to Horace Mann. Although I see a few colored people here and there throughout the report, there aren't any colored historians present who talk in regards to the history of education and primarily public schools.

4. I think that this report was created in order to educate us about public schools, and how and why it came to be, as the majority of us now attend it. The truth is that it wasn't just a simple thought that came to life, rather a process which went from focusing on white, vocational education to a now MORE inclusive society - implying that it isn't 100% there yet - in which the most of us are provided equal access to an education, although there are still exceptions in a lot of areas.

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In School We Trust: The Merrow Report (Stefanie Szawerda)

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In School We Trust: The Merrow Report (Stefanie Szawerda)

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1. The main voice or authority sharing this report is John Merrow, an American Broadcast Journalist who reported on education and founded the production company "Learning Matters."

2. The people included in this narrative range from students to well known names throughout education. One of the historians in the narrative was Ellen Lagermann, who spoke about the history of public education. One of the most prominent historians in the video was Horace Mann, who is considered the "father of public education." He founded "Common Schools" as a why to ensure that everyone, no matter of class, received an education. Another historian in the video was Diane Ravitch who discussed the topic regarding immigration in public schools.

3. The people who were generally excluded from this narrative were immigrants and many people of color. Throughout the video, immigration was briefly mentioned but was not fully discussed. Due to the fact that most of the historians in the video were white, they generally talked about the white public school experience, leaving out the experiences immigrants and people of colors faced.

4. I think that the main goal in the creation of this narrative was to inform the viewers about the history of the public school system and to highlight the changes and reforms that have been made throughout the years. In this narrative, we see a mainly white point of view when discussing the history, creation, and purpose of public education which allows us, on our own, to consider the changes that have been made to help the experiences of the immigrants and people of color that were not necessarily shown in this video.

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"In Schools We Trust: The Merrow Report"

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"In Schools We Trust: The Merrow Report"

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1. The main voice sharing the report was John Merrow, who has been a journalist for many years on education. Plus Mr. Merrow founded the production company "Learning Matters".

2. The people included in the narrative are obviously many students in a school environment, and also people who helped to develop public education. Some of the more "famous people" included were Horace Mann who had the idea of schooling for the rich, poor, and immigrants to come together. Also John Dewey who thought education could improve society by doing activities/ interacting with their environment.

3. People who are excluded from the narrative are primarily people of color, yes there was some in the video, but majority of schooling was pushed towards white students, or "white passing". Even if people of color went to a school it wouldn't have been of such a "high quality" like the other kids their age.

4. I think this report was created to show how public education was created and the many struggles that came with it. The author was trying to inform the audience of how education started with a small idea from one person and then developed into something much greater. Throughout the process there were numerous debates on how kids should function in school, what type of kids should be in this type of schooling, to even if vocational schools should be for all students. It was a very "if and but" process because no one knew what truly would be best for the next generation.

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1. John Merrow is a central figure in the discussion surrounding issues concerning education in the U.S. He worked with PBS in the 70s discussing the reform of public education which would eventually lead to free public education no matter your economic standings.
2.  School advocates, historians, and scholars all made an appearance in this narrative. A common trait that all of these individuals possessed was the color of their skin, that being of caucasian descent. Now whether this be intentional or unintentional I feel that excluding people of color from this field is disingenuous to the subject matter. The information the people included did share was very good though, they were all very well-versed and provided great conext. Wish there was more though.
3. As stated before, people that were excluded were people of color who would have been well-versed in this subject. They would have brought a very interesting and important point of view on the matter as people of color were some of the people most affected by free public education, considering a very good percentage of P.O.C. are in poverty or just slightly edging away from it. Immigrants were also excluded and as an immigrant myself I know how difficult it can be to adjust to a completely new setting and although I didn't grow up with a language barrier a huge amount of people do.
4. The main purpose of this work was to give an entry level, baseline understanding of the American public school system both before and after it's reform. The information provided was very good but can easily be expanded and enhanced through the use of a more diverse group of individuals as they can attest to other experiences.

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1.The main voice is a journalist called  John Merrow who founded the production company "learning matters". John Merrow focuses on topics with the issues regarding education  in the U.S. In the 1970s Merrow worked with the PBS to tell them about educational reform in the american school system.
2.In the narrative those included where historians.scholars and school advocates that were mainly white people(not very many people of color historians). The historian that were their were ellen lagemann, david tyack, diane ravitch. The historian talked about the "common schools" and the found father of public schools horace mann. They also talked about John Dewey's role in "progressive  education".
3.Those not included in the narrative were the people of color and immigrants, as stated previously most of the historian were white so they talked about what it was like for  the white students and not people of color or the immigrants. The lack of diversity doesn't show how the immigrants had to deal with america's cultural and the language barriers between them and others.
4.I think that this report was created to inform the audience about the school system years before. I think that the author also wanted to show the changes that the school system went through and the process that happens with it.

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1. John Merrow, the reporter and broadcast journalist who introduced the documentary on PBS

2. Some speakers included in this section included historians Ellen Lagemann (educated at NYU), David Tyack (educated at Stanford), and Diane Ravitch (also educated at NYU). They mentioned the founding of “common schools” and Horace Mann. This section also covers John Dewey’s role in “progressive education” focusing on social progress, which ended up establishing vocational education (although not entirely his intent).

3. Besides Ravitch, who is the daughter of an immigrant, (and as previously mentioned by many peers), there is almost little to none representation of those in the minority (immigrants, colored people) and how the “ideal” education standards affected them (as individuals who had not much advantages). Another aspect that was excluded were the perspectives of teachers themselves, and how over time, with the external influences of government and such, reformed their approach to education. These exclusions show some form of bias which almost romanticizes the “greatness” of the education system and its role to support the disadvantaged and immigrants without addressing other issues including the somewhat lack of community-building within an increasingly diverse population.

4. This section serves to educate people about the origins of education along with discussing interconnected issues of social, economic, and even political factors have influenced the way education is approached- some issues still occurring today.

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1. The main presenter of this production is a journalist by the name of John Merrow. He was a broadcast journalist who reported during the 1970s on educational issues.
2.  The narrative included historians, scholars as well as school advocates that were mainly white individuals. The historians that were there were Ellen Lagemann, David Tyack, and Diane Ravitch. The historian talked about the "common schools" and in the founding father of public schools Horace Mann. They also talked about John Dewey's role in "progressive education."
3. Immigrants were int included in the narrative due to how immigrants were coming to America for the "American Dream" in which would have been argued during that time that they were coming to take American jobs for less pay. Another group that was excluded almost entirely was those of color, even throughout the production there were maybe three or four people of color were shown.
4. I think that the report was created to explain the origin of public education in the United States. Throughout the production it talks about how different groups of people wanted different things for the kids. Such as how some people wanted to teach students the basics as well as the groups of people who just wanted to teach the students to complete a certain job. The production was created to show how there have been issues in the public schooling system ever since they were created.

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1. The main voice Is John Merrow, an American broadcast Journalist, known for addressing the problems with the education system.  His features were called the "Merrow Report.

2. There were many white historians and school advocates.  One for example is Horace mann, "the father of public education"  he pushed for education to be united and to be free to the public.  Most "famous" people refer to him as the savior of public teaching.

3. The excluded voices included a majority of colored individuals.  They mentioned earlier that they treated people of color differently because the lack of diversity in the earlier times.  They also didn't mention anything about how private schools were back then but I can assume that it was similar to the public schools however with even less diversity, so it was probably favorable to wealthy white families.

4. The main purpose of the report is to give a general understanding of how public education used to be and how it got to where it is today.