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Athens was occupied by the Germans during WWII and suffered from famine and destruction. It was liberated in 1944.

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Athens became the new capital of the independent kingdom of Greece in 1833, under King Otto.
In 1896 the 1st modern olympic games took place in Athens.

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In 1458 Athens was captured by Sultan Mehmed II. The Parthenon was used as a mosque.
The Ottomans used Parthenon and the Propylaea to store gunpowder and explosives. So, in 1640, when a lighting bolt struck Acropolis, it destroyed Propylaea.
After nearly 400 years, the Ottomans withdrew from Athens in 1833.

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When the Byzantine Empire embraced christianity, Parthenon was converted to a church. During 11th-12th c. many Byzantine churches were built in Athens.

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The Roman Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd c. A.D. constructed many temples, an aqueduct, a gymnasium, a library, bridges, and the great temple of the Olympian Zeus.

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Cleisthenes was the man who established democracy in Athens in 508 B.C.
Athens was a leader during the war against the Persian Empire in 490-479 B.C.
The Golden Age of Athens was in 5th c. B.C. when leader Pericles ordered the construction of Parthenon temple to his friend sculptor Pheidias.

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People (Ionians) lived in Athens from Neolithic times (4500-4000 B.C.). In 1412 B.C. Athens was an important center of Mycenaean civilisation.
On the Acropolis there was a fortress and a palace.
The well-known hero Theseus was king of the city in the 13th c. B.C. (1234-1204).