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Important note, related to loss & grief:

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Important note, related to loss & grief:

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People often speak about fears of “going crazy”. Many may experience visual or sensory hallucinations, panic attacks, and other signs of intense distress. Supporting clients in providing the knowledge that these occurrences are common in the bereavement process may help "normalize" their experience. Helping clients examine the effectiveness of their coping strategies is be one of the many approaches used in circumstances of loss (death, relationship, job, friend, etc.).  As a helping professional, it is important to be aware of the grieving process in that grief has many effective, behavioral, and physical signs and there is a broad variation in expressions of mourning in reference to individual and culture.

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Throughout the life span, change involves both gains and losses.
In middle to late adulthood, grief is an experience that many persons go through. Difficulties in the grieving process can be derived from an imbalance between a lot of expression and very little. How one copes is very much influenced by ones' personality, gender, culture, and beliefs.

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As people age, they experience a "weakening" or decrease in many physical systems, including immune and sensory systems. Arthritis and osteoarthritis are among the most common.

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By middle adulthood, biological supports weaken and more cultural supports are required to assure peak development.

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Life span developmental models focus on both hereditary and environmental influences. Models of life span development also emphasize the connections and changes that characterize adults.

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The strategies for obtaining well-being that can be applied to many counseling practices include, the development of mastery and positivity, teaching effective problem solving and decision making, promoting social competence, resources leading to healthier choices related to diet and exercise, and advocacy for improved environmental circumstances.
Approaches that could help promote the above are:

-Meditation-based mindfulness approaches

---Mindfulness -based stress reduction: To be "mindful" is to develop the ability to take note of thoughts and feelings and increase the capacity to handle negative feelings by replacing them with responses of relaxed observation/awareness.

-Consists of activities such as walking, sitting, eating, meditation, yoga/mindful movement, and discussion.

---Mindfulness - based cognitive therapy’s purpose is to improve physical and psychological functioning in persons.

-Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has proven to decrease chronic pain, reduce stress and improve quality of sleep. This particular therapy is driven by the construct that obtaining a healthy diet and being well-rested are key contributors to a healthy well-being.

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"Does increased wisdom help the elderly cope? Research suggests that it is slightly more likely to differentiate older opposed to younger adults however, wisdom can be as much a quality of the individual person, as it is age. It is said that as people age, they are more in tuned with feelings, and their emotions are heightened and more involved. Negative emotions are found less in the older population except for the feeling of sadness. Elderly people report less anxiety when dealing with death than younger persons. Emotion regulation has been observed at large, to improve with age as well. However, rates of minor depression increase with age.

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Studies of marital progression vs. regression advocate that marriages are successful in reference to positive factors outweighing negative factors, including collaborative behaviors, perceptions, and physiology. When one partner expresses extreme levels of negativity, it is very likely that the other partner will respond similarly.

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Vailant
& Koury (1994) added onto Erikson's theory, proposing
two more adult stages:

  

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Vailant
& Koury (1994) added onto Erikson's theory, proposing
two more adult stages:

  

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4.) Career consolidation (vs. self-absorption) - feelings of satisfaction due to ability to obtain a job; make a commitment to work.
5.) Keeper of meaning (vs. rigidity) – when one expands their own concerns beyond the benefit of themselves and their family to show respect/care for the culture.

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Theories of Life Course Changes in self-concept: Erikson(1950/1963) outlines three stages in self-development in adulthood, focused on the life tasks that are most important.

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Theories of Life Course Changes in self-concept: Erikson(1950/1963) outlines three stages in self-development in adulthood, focused on the life tasks that are most important.

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1.) Intimacy (vs. isolation) - a journey in finding a way to fully validate and strengthen one's own sense of self by committing to a shared life where the focus is no longer central to oneself.
2.) Generativity (vs. stagnation) - giving one's own life purpose by producing for the generations to come through work, acts of community service or having children.
3.) Ego integrity ( vs. despair) - reviewing life as a process; "something that had to be".