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Screen printing was discovered in the early 20th century and is now primarily used for the printing of clothing that has designs on.

Process
Firstly, the mesh is  stapled to either a wooden or metal frame, when the masking tape is stuck to the underside of the screen the stencil is placed under frame but above the paper. The line of ink is placed at one side of the screen and transferred across via wooden block. The screen is then lifted to reveal the print.

Pros
Suitable for larger designs of one or two colours.
•Ideal for printing onto cotton and poly cotton clothing items, this is one of the few ways of printing clothes meaning that it is still used today.
•The ink is heat dried, therefore the garments can withstand the roughness of a machine washing.

Cons
Not the best option if your design consists of several colours.
Time consuming to set up and clean
Each colour is applied separately, making a higher cost per colour used

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The press is placed onto where intended and then pressed down, applying the ink and then lifted up to reveal the print.

Letterpress is the one of the oldest methods of printing with equipment and images printed by the "relief" type printing plates. This is when the intended surfaces for printing are raised above the surface.  The amount of setup required to prepare the equipment to print a job is significant. For example, the image must be metal cast prior to print versus offset printing plates which are comparatively cheaper and require less time to make.
Letterpress printing is becoming less common as it is time-consuming to set up the loose type and make the plates, and the range of fonts and styles is limited.

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A Gravure is a method of transferring an image onto a printing substrate. This method can produce high quality prints at a rapid speed. However, this method requires a large amount of finance.

The process involves two cylinders rotating between a paperboard that is to be printed on.
The top cylinder is called the impression roller and is fitted with a rubber layer to keep the metal layer in place.
The printing cylinder collects ink in the pattern that is intended for printing.
When the cells have collected the ink it is printed onto the paperboard.
The doctor blade gets rid of the ink that is not in a cell before it gets to the paperboard.

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Digital screen printing is one of the newest form of digital print that gets used in the media industry.

Digital screen printing is when the artwork that has been produced gets processed by a computer and then printed onto a surface.
Digital printing is not a heat based printer, it puts ink directly into the surface of the material chosen.

The inks used will not wash away or fade away with physical contact.
This is because of how fast and compact the ink is injected into the fabric.
The advantages of using digital screen printing is that the machines that are used to digitally print are cheap to run and are also inexpensive to build for use. This allows both big and small businesses to use digital screen printing. Another advantage of this type of printing is that you can alter the size of the text digitally.

The main disadvantage of using digital screen printing is that it can only print twenty-five to one-thousand copies at a time, this will mean that the printer would not be suitable for mass production of a product due to the supply not being met.
Another disadvantage is the screen that projects the ink through onto the material can't mix colours properly because each colour has to be individually pushed through. Meaning you couldn't get a gradient effect because the screens and technology are not up to standard.

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Desktop publishing is when a form of print that is directly linked to a desktop computer with a specific software.
Desktop publishing allows you to produce high standard work using different types of software on digital devices.
The advantages of using desktop publishing is that it allows you to choose different layouts to meet your needs. For example, if you create a magazine, you can choose the layout that will be set out in two-page-spreads. So that everything fits on the page and the printed version looks the same as it does on the desktop.
There are grids and margins around the edges as guidelines to follow so that the user knows what will exactly be on the page when printed.  Some people may also argue that desktop publishing is a more efficient and faster way to create print products. This is  because it's on a digital format that's more popular in the work industry because it is more modern and to a higher standard.

A disadvantage of using desktop publishing is that the software that has to be used is expensive. The prices will vary depending on the make of the software and how popular it is.

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An inkjet is also a type of printer that works in a similar way to the laser printer.
The Inkjet splatters coloured dots onto the page.
An advantages of using an inkjet printer is that they are cheaper than laser printers.
They are lightweight and therefore, easier to transfer from one place to another. An inkjet print can be damaged if water is spilt or can fade the product.
The disadvantage is they are slower than the laser printer, especially when text is involved. The laser printer is a lot more advanced with text.

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laser printing is a method that will print an image or document directly off a computer.
Laser printing is a quick and easy method of the digital printing world , it only takes a matter of seconds to print of any number of copies you need.

-An electronic circuit in the printer figures out how to print this data so it looks correct on the page.
-Circuits activate the laser to make it print the image
-The laser doesn't actually move, it bounces off of a moving mirror
-An ink roller touching the photoreceptor drum coats it with tiny particles of powdered ink (toner).
-because opposite charges attract the toner has been given a positive electrical charge, therefore attracting to the negative electrical charge areas.
No ink is attracted to the parts that have a positive charge. An inked image of the page builds up.
-A sheet of paper I given a strong electrical charge
-The paper's positive charge attracts with the negative charges and the print is complete.

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Process
-The intended image for copying is placed on the photocopier.
-The image is then scanned and the image is read, this information is electronically charged.
-Areas of opposite colour won't be charged whereas areas of the same colour would be charged giving an exact copy of the image.

Pros
-Photocopying can be useful when at home or an office, documents can be transferred from the computer to a physical copy.
-The quality can be high depending on what is being printed, you will get an exact copy of the page.

Cons
-It can only be used once at a time, and print off one copy at a time, this will be an issue for something that needs to be produced a lot.
-Photocopiers can often be unreliable, this can cause issues because the user cannot get the printed copy.

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Linocut is a printmaking technique, a variant of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum is used for a relief surface. The process begins with the design being carved into the linoleum surface with a knife, leaving the raised un-carved sections as the areas the ink will appear in the final design, this is an example of relief printing, which is often used in most types of hand printing.
Linocut is a technique commonly used to create still images such as posters and gallery art rather then images shown in a sequence to create an illusion of movement.
It is rarely used in the modern era, like many other hand techniques.

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This is an example of an intaglio print

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Intaglio is the print process in which the areas that are to be printed on are lowered so that more pressure will have to be applied to the areas that are to be covered with ink.
Relief printing is the opposite to intaglio printing, the areas that are to be covered with ink are above the area that is not going to be covered.

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Etching is the art or process of producing etched plates or objects.
Etching is a method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into which the design has been coated with acid.
The copper plate is first coated with an acid resistant substance called the etching ground. where the design is drawn with a sharp tool.
The plate then is exposed to nitric acid that eats away at the areas of the plate that are unprotected from the ground forming a pattern of the intended lines.

Those lines then hold the ink and when a plate is applied to the moist paper after it is dried.

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A stone used for lithograph

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the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.
A printing plate with an
image is dampened with water and then coated with ink.
The ink only sticks to the parts of the plate that are not wet with water because the ink repels the water.
The printing plate is fixed to a roller and the image is transferred onto paper fed under the roller.

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-Woodblock printing was created in China in the 11th Century.
-It is a very slow process but can give a detailed final product.

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An example of hand printing by woodcut:

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This video demonstrates the process of hand rubbing a woodblock print onto Japanese mulberry paper.

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This is a hand printing technique in which an artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood. Typically with gouges, leaving the printing parts level with the surface.
The image is carved into the wood.
If a mistake is made it cannot be undone
The density of the wood can alter the amount of ink needed.

The artist carves an image into the block of wood.

This is a relief printing process which mean that the ink is applied above the surrounding area.

This process is rarely used now because of the different methods of print that are simpler and more cost effective, although this method can be used for alternative use such as decorations.