# data[].attributes.body
the increase in salt levels of soil due to water evaporation leaving salts and chemicals behind

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plowing along the contours of the land in order to minimize soil erosion.

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terraces reduce the steepness of slopes by replacing the slopes with a series of horizontal terraces separated by walls - common in Asian wet rice fields = reduces run-off

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planting trees or bushes between fields (shelter belts) or by alternating low and high crops in adjacent fields - reducing wind action on soils = reduced wind erosion

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improving the soil - reducing erosion and conserving nutrients

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the creation of cities - land is paved and built upon causing increased run-off and probably increasing soil erosion elsewhere

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the removal of trees which often results in soil being left exposed, leading to soil erosion

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too many crops being used in an area of land without a break or crop rotation - results in reduction of soil fertility as no nutrients are being returned to the soil

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too many animals graze (eat grass/plants) in the same area - results in bare patches of soil where roots no longer hold the soil together leaving it open to soil erosion from wind and rain

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the process of soil being taken away

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generally caused by soil erosion and/or reduction in soil's suitability for use

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may have DNA inserted from another species to provide a benefit from the other species

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a tropical palm tree from West Africa and Central America, imported to South East Asia

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a way to reduce the loss of soil fertility - leguminous crops (soya beans, peas and other beans) are grown every fourth year as they are able to fix their own nitrogen, and so add it back into the soil

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a single species of plant grown on a farm, usually in high density

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animals in pastoral farming - useful in converting plants which humans cannot digest (grass) into valuable protein

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any wild animal killed for food (sometimes "game")

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living plants converted to fuel to replace fossil fuels

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the supply of water for crops other than natural process such as rain or water tables

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"bad nutrition" - a diet which is unbalanced (may be too much or not enough of a particular nutrient(s)

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farming of both crops and animals - animal waste may be used as fertiliser and to improve soil quality, and some crops are used to feed animals

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growing crops on good land to be eaten directly, or to be fed to animals

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raising animals, usually on grass and on land that is not suitable for crops

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farming using land more intensively with high levels of input and output per area

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farming using more land with a lower density of stocking or planting and lower inputs = lower outputs

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growing crops for the market

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farming for self-sufficiency to grow enough for a family

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large scale production of crops and livestock for sale

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More economically developed country

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Less economically developed country

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of, produced by, or influenced by the soil.

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of the Earth - meaning "land" in ecology

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the penetration of water into the soil

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the ease at which gases and liquids can pass through the soil

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the amount of space between particles in soil

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ideal for agriculture due to sand's drainage and porosity, clay's nutrient retention and silt keeping the other two together

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Silt has a moderate specific area with a typically non-sticky, plastic feel. Silt usually has a floury feel when dry, and a slippery feel when wet.

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good nutrient retention, however, heavy soils which are relatively impermeable and have poor drainage

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gritty and fall apart easily - good drainage and air supply to the roots, however, leaching is rapid

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hard bedrock - parent material

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horizons of loosened or unconsolidated material - mainly weathered rock from which soil forms

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subsoil horizon showing enrichment of clay material, iron aluminum, or organic compounds - where soluble minerals and organic matter tends to be deposited from the layer above

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mineral horizon at the surface showing organic matter enrichment - where humus forms

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leaf litter - newly added organic material

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the layers of soil in a cross-section which is modified over time as organic material leaches downwards and mineral material moves upwards

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plant and animal material in the process of decomposition - generally the top layer of soil

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minerals dissolved in water moving through the soil

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movement of soil particles in suspension (liquid)

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the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.