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Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago,

Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Rief, Holt, 2009, pp. 605-613, 619, 681.

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Differences

- Realism doesn’t talk about individuality

- Realism focuses on reality instead of a “better life”

- Realism uses more logic than emotion

Similarities

- Both talk about human life

- Both didn’t rely on European values

- Both emerged in the 19th century

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- It is the believe that there is nothing more than the natural world. They do not believe in the super natural and try to explain everything with the laws of nature.
- The Civil war made these people what everyday people in ordinary circumstances were rather than larger-than-life heroes in extraordinary situations. They tend to focus on ethical struggles like lower classes and the struggle of getting food.
- The main focus of Naturalist is that human behavior is determined by forces beyond the individual's control and try to find the truth in the universe no matter how dark it is. As well as, see human life as a grim, losing battle.

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-Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, it was important because it talked about social injustices of pre-Civil War life.
-William Dean Howells: The Atlantic Monthly, it was important because it pointed out that good qualities of people will stand out eventually.
-Frank Norris: The Octopus: A Story of California, it was important because it pointed out the strangling effects of the railroad on California farmers.

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- Regionalism focuses on what specifically characterizes a geographical area & its people.

- Regionalism focuses on the same themes as Realism, which are the characteristics of people.

- Regional writers strive to capture the speech, dress, common beliefs, & social interactions of a given locale.

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- The time period was between the 1880-1914.
- It is a dominant style of writing, tends to focus on an aspect of human live, and majority of the themes are about changing a part of our lives.

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- The Industrial Revolution was an era where technology was improving at a fast rate. They were able to make steam engines, cotton gins, electric telegraphs, etc. It impacted Realism as it brought many changes to people’s lives during that time. They could travel to places that would take hours to minutes, produce cotton at an easier & faster rate, talk to people from far away places.

- The Civil War impacted the literature world of America by having both African Americans & Northern Whites write about slavery. African Americans were more significant since their writings were about their slave life & their escape.

- The Progressive Era was a time in which people known as Progressives attempted to fix the problems of America. This could range from working conditions to businesses. Progressives even ran for President in order to change the country. They impacted the literature world by emphasizing the problems of America through their words. Some described poor working conditions, others talked about the corruption in businesses & in the gov't.