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You can't measure what you don't measure. Teagasc.
Each grass walk is worth €215 per walk. O'Donnell, 2010.
Net profit per hectare is increased by €162/ha for each additional ton of grass utilised on Irish dairy farms. Hennessy et al, 2010.

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Dairy farm - 110  spring calving cows with 130 calving down
Dairy calf to beef - 55-60 beef calves kept and 25 replacements
10-15 cull cows finished

85ha in 6 blocks
25.5ha milking platform

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Good grazing infrastructure e.g water, fencing, roadways.
Reseeding annually done.
Grazing platform is all owned.
Good facilities.
Whole farm soil testing routinely carried out.
Good fertiliser plan, access to on farm pig slurry.
Dry farm which allows an early turn out.
High milk price paid by local CO OP's.
Family farm - work load can be spread on the family at certain times of the year.
Good relationship with local CO OP's.
Good relationship with local contractors, especially for the flexibility of zero grazing distant blocks of land.

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Fragmented farm - 6 blocks some up to 10 miles from home farm.
Grazing platform is split by 2 roads, one back road and one National main road.
Farm yard is at one end of the grazing platform and also long and narrow.
The grazing platform is hilly so not all parts are suitable for dairy cows.
Not all paddocks are suitable for baling, which makes grass harder to manage.
Labour - currently numbers push one labour unit but not enough to justify a second part-time or full-time labour unit.

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New infrastructure - new milking parlour and 50 additional cubicles being added currently which gives flexibility in the future for potential land.
No grass measuring technologies used - potential for improvement.
Open minded - Dad is open to change and trying new methods.
Join a farm discussion group.
Potential to get low emission slurry spreading equipment to utilise nitrogen better from slurry and also protect grass.

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Brexit - could affect both dairy and beef enterprises.
The potential loss of derogation nationally.
Price volatility - especially with Brexit.
Environmental regulations.

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Map farm online.
Sign up with Pasturebase Ireland.
Join a grass discussion group.
Walk mentors farm weekly to train how to eyeball.
Attend Grass 10 grass measuring courses.
Walk and measure home farm weekly.
Reseed paddocks that rock knubs have been broke in, using a specialised reseeding mix introducing more tetraploids.
Aim to graze covers of 1500kg dm/ha.
Spread lime to correct pH where needed.

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Continue grass walks and measurement.
Use Autumn and Spring grass planners. e.g 60:40.
Reseed lowest producing paddocks (10%) using a specialised seed mix.
rectify P and K issues.

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Continue Grass measurement.
Soil test over the previous winter and spread lime where needed.
Properly build up covers for the autumn and spring in year 4.
House finishing cattle earlier to allow for more grazing in the autumn.
Reduce concentrate usage.
Reseed 10 of the farm again using the same protocols.

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Continue measuring grass.
Zero graze all silage ground in spring ahead of closing for silage.
Rectify pH, P and K levels.
Reseed 10% again using the same protocols.
Reduce reliance on N fertiliser now that a lot of land is reseeded.

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Continue grass measuring.
Soil test over the previous winter period and monitor pH, P and K levels.
Reseed 10% using the same protocols.