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The beak length and depth increase is simply because that that type of beak is more suitable for Tribulus seeds. The finches couldn't live on with their shorter beaks, so natural selection took hold and forced Finches to eat Tribulus seeds, and a beak with more length and depth could be able to eat stronger seeds. While the shorter beaked finches perished, the ones with longer beaks reproduced, spreading their longer beak DNA to the further generations.

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The population's fall is because of the drought and the loss of it's main food source. The steady increase is because of natural selection, let me explain. The finch population increased after the decrease in portulaca because they adapted via natural selection and were able to eat tribulus. The loss of the portulaca forced them to adapt or die, so they adapted to having a larger and stronger beak, fit for eating tribulus seeds.

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We can infer that the population of the plants decreased by the drought that happened within 1976 - 1978, from rainfall per year in Daphne Major in millimeters to go from its rainfall in 1975 (422mm) to its rainfall in 1976 (130mm) to 1977 (20mm) and finally to 1978, which raised up to 540mm. This could be crucial to the conclusion of natural development because it would require the finches to branch out to eating other things than the portulaca plant. This is crucial to our claim because there would have to be beak modification because of the decrease of the portulaca plants, making only tribulus plants available.

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The beak length and depth increased from 1976, with an average of 9.6mm of depth. 1978 was shown to display an average of 10.5mm in depth and 11.6mm in length of the ground finch population of Daphne Major.

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Plant life dropped significantly during the drought in 1976 - 1977.
The portulaca plant population went from 8 to 0, while the tribulus plant population went from 10 to 6.

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The population of the medium ground finches of Daphne Major Decreased from 751 to a staggering 93 during 1976 - 1978. But later on in 1978, it seemed to steadily start increasing.

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Natural selection is the type of microevolution that caused the beak size of the medium ground finches  of Daphne Major to increase between 1976 - 1978

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Which type of microevolution caused the finch beak size to increase in Daphne Major from 1976 - 1978