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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization (Eric)

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization (Eric)

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What were they?
Plans to industrialize the USSR, buildup the military, and to increase agriculture production through collectivization, which was the practice of taking away privately owned agriculture land and give the land to collectives made of peasants
What were the goals?
To transform USSR into an industrial power, increase military power, and for the agricultural nation to "catch up"
What were the outcomes?
Industry grew heavily and substantially increased their military power
Collectivization of agriculture was a huge failure
(Several millions starved to death)
Farmers became enraged and burnt crops and killed livestock
Plenty of factory jobs and low cost of living

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Grievances? They disliked the agreements made in the treaty of Versailles, the Weimar republic's inability to negotiate for better terms and their inability to bring Germany out of the great depression.
Plans? Wanted to overthrow the Weimar republic and establish a more radical and conservative government. Planned to take over territory lost and to regain what they lost in the treaty. Included territory takeover, especially in Slavic Poland and Russia.
Targeting? Particularly disliked Jews and wanted to racially purify Germany.
Effects? Sparked the beginning of WWII in Europe and allied with Italy and Japan. Holocaust with the death of millions of Jews and other races deemed as "inferior", which forced many Jews to migrate towards Israel, creating a conflict with Arabs.

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
Due to the depression, profits from exports fell drastically and foreign investment declined.
How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?
Similar to Mussolini's Italy and Nazi Germany, Vargas consolidated power by removing individual rights from the people and imprisoning political opponents. Secondly, Brazil's economy also had corporatist concepts similar to Italy.

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Nationalists?
The insurgents (Conservative forces)
Opposed the changes that the Popular Front promised to bring
Republicans/Loyalists?
Defenders of the new Spanish Republic (Radicals and peasants)
Wanted the changes that the Popular Front promised
(Mainly wanted land reform)
Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
No, because even if the civil war was a testing site for weapons, it wasn't the trigger for WWII. In order for a war to begin, it needs a trigger and the Spanish Civil War was not the trigger of WWII.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Chinese Nationalist Party & Sun Yatsen (Hailey)

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Chinese Nationalist Party & Sun Yatsen (Hailey)

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Grievances? Disliked Europeans going back on their promise and not giving them the territory that they lost to Germany. Angry that they sided with Japan to take the land instead
Plans? Wanted to have China independent from European/Japan economic control and be industrialized. Worked with the communist party to overthrow warlords and foreign domination.
Targeting? Targeted Japanese/European control
Effects? Created an independent China. Disagreements with Communist party lead to a civil war.

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Grievances? Wanted the lost land that Japan took and to reject western democracy.
Plans? Wanted communist takeover in China, similar to Russia. Instead of having worker class support, Mao used peasantry support instead who made up the majority of the population for the revolution.
Targeting? Japanese/European control.
Effects? Rise of communism in China, and disagreements with the Chinese Nationalist Party lead to civil war.

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (Raj)

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (Raj)

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What is it?
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere is an imperialist way of thinking that states that Greater East Asia would benefit from being united economically and culturally under Japanese rule.
What are the goals?
The goals are for Japan to unite East Asia, for Japanese people to be treated as superior, and for the East Asia to be united economically.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
Japan's economy was heavily impacted by the global depression because the country relied on foreign trade. To combat the economic decline Japan seized new territories.
2. New Territories Seized?
Japan seized Manchuria and parts of coastal china
3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
The League of Nations told Japan that Manchuria should be under Chinese rule, but Japan said no and left the League.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?     The New Deal was many policies and programs created by Franklin D Roosevelt to help the US recover from the Great Depression.
Relief?         For citizens to not feel worried anymore with the financial stress.
Recovery?      Helped US recover economically from the Great Depression.
Reform?   Policies changed from the government so this wouldn't happen again.

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?

It made prices go up to a large amount, which was meant to help protect their economy. This meant it was hard for other people to afford goods and only the rich people could afford them. This is what is known as protectionism

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances?       Government (Mussolini in the case of Italy) controlled everything in society, with no say from the people. Promised to end political parties.
Plans?       Mussolini wanted to gain more land as Italy didn't get much in Treaty of Versailles. He also wanted to target "inferior lands."
Targeting?        Fascism targets people by making them have little to no power. Mussolini targeted areas such as Libya and Somaliland to take control of to have more power.
Effects?             Mussolini and Hitler formed an alliance to try and take over Europe

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.

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Plans?
To increase agricultural production, make USSR an industrial power, and to increase the military's power
Kept tight control of press and expression
Targeting?
The USSR citizens
Effects?
Several millions citizens starved to death from his agricultural policies
The USSR rapidly industrialized and increased its military
Details of Stalin's atrocities were unreported