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1The author suggests that an increase tax of 10% on sugary drinks could bring in $1.5 billion to the state.“He called a tax on sugary drinks a “no-brainer,” noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states. California, for example, could bring in $1.5 billion a year with a 1-cent-per-ounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, he said.” (Brody)                     2.School based programs could be used to encourage healthier eating and exercise habits, and reduce television watching.“Also needed — and less controversial — are school-based programs to encourage healthier eating and exercise habits and to reduce television watching, the authors said.”

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1The author suggests that an increase tax of 10% on sugary drinks could bring in $1.5 billion to the state.“He called a tax on sugary drinks a “no-brainer,” noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states. California, for example, could bring in $1.5 billion a year with a 1-cent-per-ounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, he said.” (Brody)                     2.School based programs could be used to encourage healthier eating and exercise habits, and reduce television watching.“Also needed — and less controversial — are school-based programs to encourage healthier eating and exercise habits and to reduce television watching, the authors said.”

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3.  Another way to decrease the obesity-caused disease is by marking the easy available junk food, the nutrition labeling. That way we can compare how many calories we are supposed to gain. Brody stated “more obvious nutrition labeling of packaged foods, like a red, yellow or green traffic light on package fronts; and reduced advertising of “junk foods and beverages to children.”
4. The reduce in advertising in general "junk foods and beverage to children" stated by Brody, saying the adevertising of junk food is what mainly causes th children to to obese

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Systems Approach Needed                        1.) A 10% tax on unhealthy foods and drinks.                             " He called a tax on sugared drinks a no-brainer, noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states.                2.) Nutrition labeling on packaged foods.      " like a red, yellow or green traffic light on package fronts"                            3.) Reduce advertising of junk foods and beverages to children. "Marketing of food and beverages is associated with increasing obesity rates and is especially effective among children.”

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Systems Approach Needed                        1.) A 10% tax on unhealthy foods and drinks.                             " He called a tax on sugared drinks a no-brainer, noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states.                2.) Nutrition labeling on packaged foods.      " like a red, yellow or green traffic light on package fronts"                            3.) Reduce advertising of junk foods and beverages to children. "Marketing of food and beverages is associated with increasing obesity rates and is especially effective among children.”

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The author suggests three measures that can be taken to change the obesity epidemic. The three measures that are mentioned are a 10 percent tax on unhealthy foods and drinks, a more obvious nutrition labeling of packaged foods, and reduced advertising of junk foods to children. She also suggested school-based programs to encourage healthier eating and exercise habits and to reduce television watching. “He called a tax on sugared drinks a “no-brainer,” noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states. California, for example, could bring in $1.5 billion a year with a 1-cent-per-ounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, he said.” (Brody).

Although there has been some reduction in unhealthy food advertisements on children’s television, the decline has been minimal.“Children aged 2 to 19 consume seven trillion calories of sugar-sweetened beverages a year. It’s a $24 billion industry just for kids alone,” Dr. Gortmaker said. “Schools that introduce healthful foods in the classroom have shown that they are more likely to be eaten in the lunchroom and at home.” (Brody).

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What Changed

People crave foods that are richer in sugar , fat , and salt rather than healthier meals.

Unhealthy food is easily available, cheap, and highly promoted

Woman stopped food preparation causing industries to provide accessible calories throughout the day.

Today in society, people have quick and easy transportation to get to restaurants or fast food places which means less walking to places.

Evidence

“ A typical breakfast was hot or cold cereal sweetened with raisins or fresh fruit, not a Pop-Tart, jelly doughnut or 500-calorie bagel with 200 calories of cream cheese.”

“The 1970s saw a striking rise in the quantity of refined carbohydrates and fats in the U.S. food supply, which was paralleled by a sharp increase in the available calories and the onset of the obesity epidemic. Energy intake rose because of environmental push factors, i.e., increasingly available, cheap, tasty, highly promoted obesogenic foods.”

“Women were spending a lot less time on food preparation, but the industry figured out ways to make food more readily available for everybody,”

“Before a mass exodus to the suburbs left hordes of Americans totally car-dependent, most people lived in cities and towns where feet served as a main means of transportation.”

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1.) "Some" reduction in unhealthy food advertisements on children’s television
-"Dr. Gortmaker and his co-authors noted, “Almost all food policies recommended as priority actions, including front-of-pack traffic light labeling, have been heavily contested by the food industry.”
-Grow up in "Obesogenic Environment"

2.) The school based programs encourage healthy activities and eating
-"Schools that introduce healthful foods in the classroom have shown that they are more likely to be eaten in the lunchroom and at home."

3.) Nutrition labeling on package food for consumers to understand what they eat.
-"more obvious nutrition labeling of packaged foods, like a red, yellow or green traffic light on package fronts"

4.)Taxing sugared drinks
-"He called a tax on sugared drinks a “no-brainer,” noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states. California, for example, could bring in $1.5 billion a year with a 1-cent-per-ounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, he said."

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1) Restaraunts promote massive quantities of food for an inexpensive price because money's tight. " “Texas-size breakfast” of three scrambled eggs, two fried potato cakes, a buttered croissant and a choice of three sausage links, three ounces of ham or four strips of bacon — enough to produce a Texas-size heart attack, and for $1.99.  Americans are not known for resisting such temptations, especially if money is tight"
2) Back in 1940 people used to walk to their destination istead of using automobiles "Before a mass exodus to the suburbs left hordes of Americans totally car-dependent, most people lived in cities and towns where feet served as a main means of transportation."
3)When I was growing up in the 1940s and ’50s, I had to walk or bike many blocks to buy an ice cream cone. There were no vending machines dispensing candy and soda, and no fast-food emporiums or shopping malls with food courts. Nor were we constantly bombarded with televised commercials for prepared foods and drinks laden with calories of fats and sugars.
4)Women were spending a lot less time on food preparation, but the industry figured out ways to make food more readily available for everybody,” Steven L. Gortmaker, a sociologist at the Harvard School of Public Health, said in an interview. “The industry made it easier for people to consume more calories throughout the day.” As women had less time to make food, industries began to promote food which was available to everyone.

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1. less time was spent making nutritious meals; "women were spending alot less time on food preparation, but the industry figured out ways to make food more readily available for everyone"
2. Means of transportation changed, "...most people lived in cities and towns where feet served as a main mean of transportation", "when i was growing up in the 1940's and 50's i had to walk or bike many blocks to buy an icecream cone"
3. Convenience and decrease in price of fast food "during a morning run in Ohio some years ago, i passed five fast food and family restaurants in one long block, including one that advertised a 'Texas size breakfast' for $1.99."

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1. Unhealthy snacks and meals have become more convenient in society. Technology has transformed the way people live their lives. "When  I was growing up in the 1940s and 1950s I had to walk or bike many blocks to buy an ice cream,"  Brody mentioned in the article. People have become accustomed to fast food/food trucks which are convenient and require less physical activity.
2. Advertisement has become an essential role in a person's change of diet. Most advetisement involve fast food making people want to consume. "Energy intake rose because of environmental push factors, increasingly available, cheap, tasty, highly promoted obesogenic foods."
3. Children view entertainment in a different way. For example, children would play outdoors until the sun set whereas now children entertain themselves laying down in bed watching television.
4. Fast food prices have decreased over time.

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- The author suggests that putting a stop to obesity is similar to the way he dropped the rate of tabacco smoking. Which includes banning tabacco advertisements
raising taxes on tabacco
nicotine patch became available and smoking was banned in more public places. Action such as these can help decrease the rate of eating habits and reduce obesity.
QUOTES
"Marketing of food and beverages is associated with increasing obesity rates and is especially effective among children"
"Reducing advertisements of junkfood and beverages to children"
"A 10% tax on unhelathy foods and drinks".
"More obvious nutrition labeling"
"He called a tax on sugared drinks a “no-brainer,” noting that it could raise billions of dollars a year for cash-starved states. California, for example, could bring in $1.5 billion a year with a 1-cent-per-ounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened drinks".