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Tier 1: Which type of mirror makes objects appear smaller , but the area of view larger ?
- convex mirror
Tier 2: How does a triangular prism, when viewed top-down, create two images of what's below it?
- When viewing an object through a prism, the rays are displaced towards the apex because the image appears to originate from the deviated light ray.

- Tier 3: Why would objects look brighter in space?
- Because of the lack of a medium to refract light through, except the fluid in your eye, light that bounces off of objects is completely unfiltered in a vacuum such as space.

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Tier 1- Which Lenses make the image upside down?
- a convex lens makes us see the image upside down.
Tier 2- When looking at images that are upside down, how is the light refracting?
- Light rays are reflected off of opaque surfaces and if these surfaces are very shiny as mirrors are, they will produce an image.

Tier 3-how does a magnifying glass burn things?
- A magnifying glass starts a fire by localizing photons through the pin point area that is created by the convex shape of the lens. To work, sun rays must pass through amagnifying glass of the appropriate focal strength and rest on dry kindling or material that is easily ignitable.

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Tier 1- What type of lens does a magnifying glass use?
A magnifying glass uses a convex lens
Tier 2- How will a convex lens make an image appear if the object is placed between the focal point and lens?
The image will be upright and larger if it is between F and the Lens
Tier 3
A magnifying glass has a focal length of 24cm. If an ant is placed 45cm from the lens, what is the image distance?
1/24-1/45=.019 1/.019=51.4cm

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Tier 1: What lens are used for nearsightedness?
-Concave lens are used for people with nearsightedness as they make objects appear smaller and closer.
Tier 2: What does the convex lens do if the real image is located between 2F' and F'?
- The convex lens will make the object appear larger and will be located behind 2F.
Tier 3: Why does a microscope use multiple lenses and a prism?
-A microscope uses a prism to split the image into two and direct it to both oculars, similar to how binoculars work. The microscope uses multiple lenses to increase magnification.

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Tier 1- What do mirrors do?
-Mirrors reflect light rays to create a visible reflection on the mirror surface.
Tier 2-When would there not be a real image or virtual image?
-When the real object is at the focal length of a convex lens.
Tier 3-How would your knowledge of convex and concave mirrors help understand the distorted shapes in a house of mirrors?
-Light bounces off the mirrors in different ways causing virtual images to form so that our brain sees distorted shapes instead of the real image.

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Tier 1: Which lenses converge or diverge rays of light?
- Convex converge, concave diverge.
Tier 2: As the focal distance of a converging lens gets farther, how does the curvature change?
- The smaller the curvature of the lens, the farther the focal point is from the axis of symmetry. The curvature point is also farther away.
Tier 3: On the figure below F is the shared principal focal point of a convex lens and a concave mirror. F' is the secondary focal point of the convex lens, and 2F' is 2X the distance of the focal point to the lens. F is the exact middle between the surface of the concave mirror and the center of the convex lens. If a laser is shined from anywhere on the line 2F' through F', and then refracted through the convex lens and reflected back through the concave mirror, where will the laser finally end up? Would this be true if the laser was not shined from 2F'?
-The laser ends up in the same place it started because it is refracted parallel to the principal axis, and then reflected through the focal point and refracted a second time, once again parallel to the principal axis. If the laser was not shined from 2F', the result would be different because the light would travel farther on the right side of the lens then it would on the left side.

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Tier 1: What is refraction?
- It magnifies the image produced by a thin lens and can either be virtual or real.
Tier 2:What is the difference between a real image and virtual image?
-A real image is formed by converging lens and a virtual is formed by convex lens. It depends on how the light passes through the lens.
Tier 3:How do magnifying glasses use refraction?
-When the light bounces of an object it passes through the magnifying glass lens. From there, they are refracted and bend to create a virtual image.

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Tier 1: What is the relationship between focal length and image distance?
Answer: They are the same.
Tier 2: For single lenses, what is the difference for focal length in blue light vs red light?
Answer: blue light has a shorter focal length
Tier 3: How much refraction occurs through different types of gases and/or  translucent solids?
Answer: The amount of refraction depends on the refraction index of each object.

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Tier 1: What is the symbol for a principle focal point?
-F
Tier 2: What happens when you shine a ray on the principle axis on a diverging lens vs. a converging lens?
- when a ray is shined on the principle axis of a diverging lens

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Tier 1: Which lens can make objects appear bigger?
- A convex lens magnifies objects when in a certain range
Tier 2: How does the virtual image of the concave mirror compare to that of the convex mirror?
- Both virtual images are behind the mirror, but for the concave mirror, it is larger than the real object, and for the convex mirror, it is smaller than the real object.
Tier 3: How do telescopes use multiple lenses to magnify distant objects  keep and  them in focus?
- Telescopes use two different sized convex lenses. The first one is larger, and it focuses and flips the image, and the second one is smaller, and it focuses the light into the eye and flips the inverted image, making it upright again. Altering the distance between the two lenses can make objects at different distances in focus.