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The origin (Sofia De los Santos)
The origin of ski jumping can be traced to Ole Rye who jumped 9.5m in 1808. Norwegian Sondre Norheim is considered the father of modern ski jumping. In 1866 he won what has been described as the world's first ski jumping competition with prizes, held at Ofte, Norway.

When did sky jumping became an Olympic sport? (Sofia Candau)
Ski jumping has been part of the Olympic Winter Games since the first Games in Chamonix Mont-Blanc in 1924. The normal hill competition was included on the Olympic programme for the 1964 Innsbruck Games. From 1988, the team event was added as a third competition.

What kind of sport it is? (Sofia Candau)
Ski jumping has been included in the Winter Olympics since the 1924 Games in Chamonix, France. ... Both individual and team ski-jump events are contested at the Winter Olympics. It is conciderd an individual sport but it can also be competed in teams.

How old it is. When and where it originated. (Lola Garcia-Verde)
The recorded origins of the first ski jump trace back to 1808.The origin of ski jumping can be traced to Ole Rye who jumped 9.5m in 1808. Norwegian Sondre Norheim is widely considered the father of modern ski jumping. In 1866 he won what has been described as the world’s first ski jumping competition with prizes, held at Ofte, Høydalsmo, Norway.

Rules (Lola Gracia-Verde)
Most major ski jumping competitions are made up of two rounds.
The first round consists of 50 jumpers who each get two jumps.
Only valid jumps in which the jumper successfully lands without touching the ground with their hands are counted.
All jumps are assessed by five judges.
Landings are videotaped to ensure exact measuring.
The overall scores of each jumpers jumps are added and the top 30 competitors progress to the next round.
The 30 competitors each make two more jumps with the scores of each added up. The jumper with the highest number of points is declared the winner.

Another interesting information (Sofia De Los Santos)
What's the difference between ski jumping and ski flying? Rather than being considered a separate sport on its own, ski flying is essentially an offshoot of ski jumping involving larger hills and longer jump distances.

Interesting facts connected to the sport as an Olympic sport, relevant people practising it. (Paula Fernández)
Ski jumping has been included in the Winter Olympics since the 1924 Games in Chamonix, France. Matti Ensio Nykänen considered to be the greatest male ski jumper of all time, he won five Winter Olympic medals (four gold), nine World Championship medals (five gold), and 22 Finnish Championship medals (14 gold).

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1. What kind of sport it is; teams sport, individual sports.
( Inés Vázquez )

Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging moves on ice skates. Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level , and at local, national, and international competitions.

2. How old it is. When and where it originated
( Inés Vázquez )

Figure skating began in the later part of the 19th century in Europe. An American ballet master Jackson Haines, who lived in Vienna in 1860s, added the elements of ballet and dance to figure skating. The first world championship for men was held in St Petersburg in 1896, followed by the women's championship in 1906.

3. Interting facts connected to the sport as an Olympic sport, relevant people practising it
( María Benitez )

Katarina Witt born 3 December 1965 is a retired German figure skater.

Witt won two Olympic gold medals for East Germany first at the 1984 Sarajevo Olympics and the second at the 1988 Calgary Olympics. She is a four-time Worl Champion(1984, 1985, 1987, 1988) and two-time World silver medalist (1982, 1986). Witt won six consecutive European Championships (1983–1988), a feat only equalled by Sonja Henie among female skaters. Between 1984 and 1988, Witt won ten golds from eleven major international events: two Olympics, four out of five World championships, and six European championships. Her competitive record makes her one of the most successful figure skaters of all time.

Tanith Jessica Louise Belbin White (born July 11, 1984) is a Canadian-American ice dancer and Olympic program host for NBC Sports. Though born in Canada, she holds dual citizenship and has competed for the United States since she began skating with Benjamin Agosto in 1998. With Agosto, Belbin is the 2006 Olympic silver medalist,four-time World medalist ,three-time Four Continents champion (2004–2006), and five-time U.S. Champion (2004–2008).

4. Any other interesting information (types of equipment, clothes, hymn,...)
( María Benitez )

Figure Skating Equipment

Requires the correcy eqipment in order to athletes must have equipment tha protects them,keeps them warm,and keeps them even with their competition.Athletes wear equipment such as wrist,pads,shin pads,and helmets in order to protect themselves from falling on the hard ice.

-Dresses/Leotards

-Elbow Pads

-Gloves

-Head  Protection/Helmet

-Hip Pads

-Ice Skates

-Knee Pads

-Laces

-Protective Galsses

-Rinks

-Skate Bags

-Skate Covers/Guards

-Soakers

-Pants/Tights

-Unitards

-Warmup Jackets

-Wrist Guards

5. Why it started and how it developed
( Blanca Rodriguez )

The history of figure skating stretches back to prehistoric times. Primitive ice skates appear in the archaeological record from about 3000 BC. Edges were added by the Dutch in the 13th - 14th century. Later in the 19th century Jacks Haines added the elements of ballet and dance.

6. When it became an Olympic sport.
( Blanca Rodriguez )

Figure skating's Olympic debut came at the 1908 Summer Olympics- it was the first winter sport introduced to the olympics. The competition included men's singles, ladies singles, pairs and special figures.

7. Rules of the game
( Alejandra Martín )

The rules of figure skating are really important:

• NO hats are allowed on the skating floor.

• No outdoor skates allowed! ...

• NO gum chewing in the building.

• NO vulgar language.

• No GoPro, Selfie Sticks, Camcorders, cameras, etc allowed on skating floor.

• Athletes in Figure Skating must keep their performances varied. The Zayak Rule states that no participant can attempt triple or quadruple jumps on more than two occasions.

• Judges may also mark down participants or disqualify them completely if they fail to adhere to rules and regulations for music and costumes. Certain types of music are not permitted, and costumes cannot contain “excessive decoration” or be considered as too revealing.

• Athletes can also be disqualified for time violations.

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Inés Vázquez

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A little video of a women doing figure skating ¡It is awesome!

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A little video of a women doing figure skating ¡It is awesome!

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Inés Vázquez

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Inés Vázquez

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relevant people practising it

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Canoe Slalom – also known as 'Whitewater Slalom' – is a competitive water sport where athletes navigate boats through a series of gates on white water river rapids. Participants power their vehicles using paddles, and are forced to deal with turbulent conditions whilst attempting to complete the course in the fastest time possible.

Canoe Slalom involves differently designed boats to Canoe Sprint, with smaller dimensions that help to assist athletes navigate their way through the rapids with a greater degree of manoeuvrability and control. The two types of boats used in a Canoe Slalom race are canoe boats and kayak boats. Each course is different but can be a maximum of 300 metres in length and contain a maximum of 25 gates, with a minimum of six upstream gates. The type of gate is designated by colour, red for upstream and green for downstream.

ALEJANDRA HARO

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How old it is. When and where is organized 

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How old it is. When and where is organized 

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Slalom canoeing has been practiced since 1840, but began to be considered a sport in 1865

The ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships are an international event in canoeing organized by the International Canoe Federation. The World Championships have taken place every year in non-Summer Olympic years since 2002. From 1949 to 1999, they had taken place in odd-numbered years. The 2001 championships were scheduled to take place in Ducktown Tennessee  (East of Chattanooga) from 20 to 23 September, but were canceled in the wake of the September 11 attacks.

GABRIELA ARAUZ

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Canoe slalom was originated in Switzerland in 1933 as a summer alternative to slalom skiing, and was initially competed on a flatwater course. Switzerland hosted the first world championships in Geneva in 1949 and the discipline made its Olympic debut as an introduction sport at the 1972 Games in Munich, when all four gold medals were won by East Germany. It was a further 20 years before canoe slalom returned to the Olympic Games, but this time as a core sport.

ALEJANDRA HARO

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relevant people practising it (Paula Fernández)

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Each gate consists of two poles hanging from a wire strung across the river. There are 18-25 numbered gates in a course, of which 6 or 8 must be upstream gates, and they are colored as either green (downstream) or red (upstream), indicating the direction they must be negotiated.

Most slalom courses take 80 to 120 seconds to complete for the fastest paddlers. Depending on the level of competition, difficulty of the course, degree of water turbulence. and ability of the other paddlers, times can go up to 200 seconds.

In international competitions, each competitor does two runs in the qualification round, called the "heats" the time of the faster run gives the qualification result. Depending on the number of participants in the event, 10 to 40 boats make it through to the semi-final; this consists of one run on a different course. The fastest semi-final boats, the number determined by the number of participants, make it through to the final, where they navigate the semi-final course once more. Their ranking within the final group is based on the time of that last run alone.

If the competitor's boat, paddle or body touches either pole of the gate, a time penalty of two seconds is added. If the competitor misses a gate completely, deliberately pushes the gate to pass through, goes through the gate in the wrong direction or upside-down, or goes through it in the wrong order, a 50-second penalty is given. Only one penalty can be incurred on each gate, and this will be taken as the highest one.

There are currently four Olympic Medal events:

C1 (canoe single) Men

C1 (canoe single) Women

C2 (canoe double) Men

K1 (kayak single) Men

K1 (kayak single) Women

CARMEN MARTEL

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CLOTHING
They wear a spraydeck, usually made of rubber, around their waist. After placing their legs into the boat, they seal the oval-shaped deck to the cockpit so that there is no gap through which water can get in.

Lasts year competition was in Parque Olímpico del Segre in Spain where all the olympic competitors went.This competitions are based in a number of races and then the prizes are medals, cups and money.

José Rienda Contreras, who has six World Cup victories, all in giant slalom. ... has won five gold medals at the European championships

ANNA BAGUST

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A video that explains how you prepare them mentally before getting into the water

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A video that explains how you prepare them mentally before getting into the water

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https://youtu.be/foQIp22BRLc

Gabriela Arauz

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The history of canoeing is one of the oldest in existence. It may sound strange, but it has a relationship with human development. It arises from his need to move through the water.
Thanks to advances in materials and knowledge, it has been possible to develop different modalities and improvements both in the boat itself and in the paddle, however, until we get to know it today, it has taken a long period of time . The history of this sport is very old.
Specifically, the first symptoms of something similar can be framed for 6000 years. Several discoveries in different cultures suggest that canoeing (as the name began and which was made with materials of the time) was the most widely used means of transportation.

ALEJANDRA HARO AND GABRIELA ARAUZ

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Sofia De Los Santos

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-Kind of sport
(Lola Dominguez)
Climbing is an individual sport, but it is done in a group, because doing it alone is a dangerous thing, it can be done in large and small groups, but never alone.

-How old it is, when and where it originated
(Lola Dominguez)
Climbing, as we know it today, was created gradually in the late 19th century with the first “races” for high-altitude conquests and became popular in the 1970s. The first official competitions were organized in 1988 by the International Union of Mountaineering Associations (UIAA).
Every year a World Cup of difficulty, block and speed is organized, and every two years a World Climbing Championship, all supervised by the International Climbing Federation (IFSC).
In 2021, climbing will become the Olympic sport for the first time at the Tokyo Olympics

-Why it started and how it developed
(Lucía Oriol)
Rock climbing as we know it today, inexorably represents an evolution of mountaineering, which has its origin in the first ascents in the Alpine massif, considering as the first “mountaineering” activity the ascent to Mont Blanc in the year 1786, by Dr. Gabriel Paccard.
Rock climbing evolved gradually from an alpine necessity to an athletic sport in its own right, making it imprudent to cite a primogenitor of the latter in each of these three locales.

-When it became an Olympic sport
(Flavia Medina)
Format. On August 3, 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) formally announced that sport climbing would be a medal sport in the 2020 Summer Olympics. The inclusion was proposed by the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) in 2015.
-Facts as an Olympic sport
(Isabel Vázquez)
In Mustang, Nepal, archeologists discovered a complex series of burial caves that can only be reached by climbing the faces of imposing vertical cliffs.

The American Southwest is riddled with evidence of native tribes living among the mesa cliffs of the region. Most ancient people probably climbed for safety.

Rock climbing can burn between 500 to 900 calories per hour making it a great sport for keeping in shape.

The current world record holder for fastest climb is Pemba Dorje Sherpa with a time of 8 hours and 10 minutes.

-Rules of the sport
(Lucía Oriol)
Climbers and belayers should check each others harness (doubled backed), knots, belay device and anchor before every climb. Do NOT use hangers for holds; you could seriously damage your fingers if you fall.

-Interesting information
(Flavia Medina)
The equipment that someone need to climb is a rope,  a cord and webbing, carabiners, quickdraws, harnesses, belay devices, rappel devices (descenders), ascenders and a sling.
The clothes that they wear are slim-fitting tees and shorts for men; a lot of women wear sports bras, tank tops and yoga pants.
The tallest artificial climbing wall is owned by the BaseCamp Climbing Gym out in Reno, Nevada, USA. The wall measures 51.56 m tall.

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EQUIPMENT

Canoe Boats. In canoe boats, athletes use single-bladed paddles.

Kayak Boats. In kayak boats, athletes use a paddle that has a blade at either end.

Courses.

Tiebreaks.

Penalties.

Boat Dimensions.

ANNA BAGUST

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Canoe slalom racing started in Europe and in the 1940s, the international canoe federation (ICF) was formed to govern the sport. The first world championships were held in 1949 in Switzerland. From 1949 to 1999, the championships were held every odd-numbered year and have been held annually in non-Summer olympics years since 2002. Folding kayaks were used from 1949 to 1963; and in the early 1960s, boats were made of fiberglass and nylon. Boats were heavy, usually over 65 pounds (30 kilos). With the advent of kevlar and carbon fiber being used in the 1970s, the widths of the boats were reduced by the ICF, and the boats were reduced in volume to pass the gates, and boats have become much lighter and faster.

ALEJANDRA MÉNDEZ

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*KIND OF SPORT:

Bobsleigh or bobsled is a team winter sport in which timed special sled races must be conducted on narrow, twisted and inclined tracks.

Carmela Garrido

*WHEN AND WHERE WAS ORIGINATED:

The sport of bobsleigh didn't begin until the late 19th century when the Swiss attached two skeleton sleds together and added a steering mechanism to make a toboggan. A chassis was added to give protection to wealthy tourists and the world's first bobsleigh club was founded in St Moritz, Switzerland in 1897.

Carmela Márquez

*WHY IT STARTED AND HOW IT DEVELOPED:

The first bobsleds were built in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in the late 19th century by wealthy tourists from Victorian Britain who were staying at the Palace Hotel owned by Caspar Badrutt. However, with increased numbers this led some guests to search for new diversions. In the early 1870s some adventurous Englishmen began adapting boys' delivery sleds . the basic bobsleigh (bobsled) consisted of two cresta's (skeleton sleds) attached together with a board that had a steering mechanism at the front.

however, as the collisions increased, the growing opposition from St Moritz residents led to bobsleigh being banned on public roads. . . His solution was to build a basic natural ice rink for his guests outside the city, near the small village called Cresta.

Carmela Márquez

*WHEN IT STARTED BEING OLYMPIC:

The first bobsleigh race was held at the Olympic Games at the first edition of the Winter Games held in Chamonix, France, in 1924, Switzerland won the gold, United Kingdom the copper and Belgium the bronze. And the two-bobs began competing at the Lake Placid, USA, Olympic Games, in 1932. Since then it has always been part of the program, except for the 1960 Games in Squaw Valley. A new advance took place at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics where the women's events were included for the first time.

Carmela Garrido

*RULES:

If the sleigh is turned upside down but reaches the finishing point and the team members are still inside the sleigh, then the race qualifies. In case of any of these team members get thrown away from the sleigh, the whole crew gets disqualified for the game.

María Rancaño

*INTERESTING FACTS:

-A bobsled can reach speeds of more than 80 mph as they dive down an icy track.

-As with other high-speed sports such as F1, competitive bobsleigh runs are measured in hundredths of seconds, making even the smallest errors affect the final time.

María Rancaño

*TYPES OF EQUIPMENT, CLOTHES...

At first the sleds were made of wood, although soon they were made of steel. In the bobsleigh there are three modalities, the bobs for two people,the bobs for people and even the bobs for six people. In this sport the start is decisive, it is very important to reach a good speed at the beginning of the race to have an advantage. Bobs have a brake that can only be used when passing the finish line
Carmela Garrido

By: Carmela Márquez, Carmela Garrido, María Rancaño

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Sofia De Los Santos

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Curling is a sport that is practiced on a narrow ice rink and adopts the basic principles of bowling or the throwing of horseshoes1. Traditionally, two teams of 4 players face each other on the same track, having to throw 8 granite stones per round. You have to try to finish closer to the target than the other team. (Almudena)

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International matches have a time limit of 73 minutes per side with two timeouts lasting a minute each. 10 minutes and one timeout are permitted per extra end in the event of a tie.

The stone must be released its front edge crosses a line called the hog. Foul throws are removed from the ice before they have come to rest or in contact with other rocks.

A stone touched or moved when in play by a player or their broom will either be replaced or removed depending on the situation.

The team to go first is decided by coin toss, “draw-to-the-button” contest or, in Olympic competition using win-loss records.

A team may concede if they feel they cannot win, although depending on the event and stage of event they may have to wait until a certain number of ends have been completed. (Almudena)

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It has been an Olympic sport time since the Nagano Games in 1998. (Carla)

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One of the world’s oldest team sports, curling originated in the 16th century in Scotland, where games were played during winter on frozen ponds and lochs. The earliest-known curling stones came from the Scottish regions of Stirling and Perth and date from 1511. In the 1600s, stones with handles were introduced. (Lucia B.)

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Curling is a team sport played by two teams of four players on a rectangular sheet of ice. (Lucia B.)

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It originated in 16th-century scotland, the sinter sport of curling dates as far back as 1511.
Curling stones are made from rare granite. The weight of a stone is between 38-44 pounds.
The sport made its olympic 74 years before it became an official sport.(Carla)

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Around the year 1,500 and 1,650, the Scots played with smooth stones that, weighing between 2 and 10 kg, the game was played on the ice of a pond or lake. From the mid-17th century to the early 19th century, the game evolved. Players used 50-kg stone blocks, making it difficult to throw.

In the late 18th century, stones weighing up to about 30 kg were created in Scotland.
During the second half of the 18th century, curling began to be exported outside of Scotland.(Ana S.)

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The game was known as "the roaring game" because of the sound that the stones make when sliding over the small drops of water that remain in the semi-solid state on the surface of the ice (called pebbles). The word Curling derives from the Scottish verb, which means to produce a small noise.( Ana S.)

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Alejandra Martin