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Singapore has built a robust, diversified and sustainable water supply from four water sources known as the Four National Taps - Water from Local Catchment , Imported Water, high-grade reclaimed water known as NEWater and Desalinated Water. In integrating the water system and maximising the efficiency of each of the four national taps, Singapore has overcome its lack of natural water resources to meet the needs of a growing nation.

It also reinforces the need for continual investment in R&D on water technology to seek more cost-effective w ays of treating, recycling and supplying water. Most of all, it is about how everyone in Singapore has a stake in water - as a necessary resource, an economic asset and an environmental treasure.

The Integrated Water System

Our Water, Our Future is a publication that sets out the water strategies and plans PUB will be undertaking in the next 50 years. T his publication shares how we plan to expand our capacities on water supply, used water management and drainage against the challenges of urbanisation, climate change and rising cost of energy.

Our Water, Our Future was first published in 2016. The revised edition was released in March 2017.

Download PDF >>

Water from Local Catchment

NEWater: A Singapore Success Story

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Make Every Drop Count. PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

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HongKong can learn from them to inprove.

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HongKong can lacks the space to collect and store all the rain that falls on it.
Through a network of rivers, rain that falls on two-thirds of the land area is channelled to the 17 reservoirs.

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A Reservoir is located upstream of the a River Waterworks and releases water into the another River to supplement its flow.

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excluding or not admitting other things.

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a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.

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https://www.sciencepark.com.sg/

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The park is complemented by excellent lifestyle amenities, business support facilities and awsome activities

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local companies and national institutions, its landscaped grounds create the ideal ambience

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The Singapore Science Park is the definitive address for R&D (R&D=Research&Development) and innovation in Asia.

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Tuaspring Desalination Treatment

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濱海灣花園                   (Gardens by the Bay)

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濱海灣花園                   (Gardens by the Bay)

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Is a model for sustainable development and conservation.
There are many plants there because they want the visitors to learn more about tropical plants.

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The Gallery, designed for self-discovery,has many interactive exhibits and stations, one of which is Central Area Discoverer, an interactive library of more than 100 video stories and 1000 pictures of the centre's past, present and future,

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Water security is Singapore’s Achilles’ heel, and this vulnerability is deeply engrained in our national consciousness.Water supply was for many years a source of bilateral tensions with Malaysia, which used to provide up to two-thirds of our water supply.

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Water samples are collected from reservoirs, waterworks and distribution systems and tested over 400,000 times

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新加坡城市規劃展覽館

(Singapore City Gallery)

The owner of Singapore City Gallery is Urban Redevelopment Authority
Singapore City Gallery started at 1999 and it was known as URA Gallery

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Monotonous laser light show

The nightly laser light show at Marina Bay Sands is limited by the shape of the building. Only the top-level laser beam can make changes. If the time is shorter, it will be even more exciting.

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In Hong Kong, they don't make their own water, their water comes from Dongjiang or other countries

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People who live in Singapore always recycle, and people think that they did a good job in recycling water.Singapore collects raindrops and recycle the water. Hong Kong should learn from Singapore since Hong Kong is having trouble making their own water.

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You may not know that Little India once had a racecourse, cattle herders and brick kilns.

But while these places and people are gone, time stands still in pockets of this historic district.

Olden-day trades sit next to newer businesses: flower-garland vendors, modern eateries, boutique hotels, as well as arts groups.

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The NEWater process recycles our treated used water into clean, high-grade reclaimed water.

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People who live in Singapore always recycle, and people think that they did a good job in recycling water.Singapore collects raindrops and recycle the water. Hong Kong should learn from Singapore since Hong Kong is having trouble making their own water.

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Hong Kong .In Hong Kong, they don't make their own water, their water comes from Dongjiang or other countries. This is the difference between Hong Kong and Singapore

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They will recycle the water and  let the citizens to drink the new fresh water

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https://www.pub.gov.sg/PublishingImages/PUB_Waterloop.jpghttps://www.pub.gov.sg/PublishingImages/PUB_Waterloop.jpghttps://www.pub.gov.sg/PublishingImages/PUB_Waterloop.jpg

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Singapore receives an average of 2,400mm of rainfall annually. The constraint is the small land area to store the rainfall. Therefore, Singapore relies on four water sources, called "the four taps"

1) Water from Local Catchment:

rainfall, collected in artificial reservoirs that collect water from carefully managed catchment areas (200-300 million gallons per day, depending on rainfall)

2) Imported Water:
imported water from Malaysia (up to 250 million gallons (1,100,000 m³) per day.

3) Newater:

Reclaimed water (producing what is called NEWater) (up to 115 million gallons (520,000 m³) per day.

4) Desalinated Water:
desalination (up to 50 million gallons Seawater)(230,000 m³) per day.

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Today, our water situation is arguably less precarious due to a mix of prudent water management and innovation. We have four national “taps” or key sources of water — local catchment water, imported water from Malaysia, highly purified recycled water or NEWater, and desalinated water. While this policy mix has made Singapore an exemplary case study for water management, its continual effectiveness is being put in question.

After decreasing annually for a decade until 2015, water consumption per capita rose to 151 litres per day from 150 litres the year before. Furthermore, recent reports that water levels in the Linggiu Reservoir in Johor — which helps to meet half of Singapore’s water needs — have hit a new low have increased the sense of urgency around Singapore’s water security.

Looking ahead, the emphasis on technological innovations to increase supply and price controls to manage demand does not seem sustainable. These approaches, based on aggregating demand and predicting the needs of the “average” water consumer, are reactive and fail to address underlying factors that shape how people use water. By reframing our water management strategy around the social and cultural dynamics of water use, my argument is that policymakers will gain a better understanding of the sort of interventions necessary for a systemic reduction in water consumption.

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Singapore is a country lacking resources,more than half of the water supply had been purchased from Malaysia.So in order to change the lack of water,a special water plan”four major hoses”

1.Domestic Water Source:

two-thirds of Singapore’s area belongs to catchment  area,it is used to collect rain water,then deal with 17 more cisterns throughout the country.In

addition,Singapore also attaches great importance to the collection and utillization of post-water(domestic wastewater ),dealing with advanced technology,recycling.

2.is imported water:

Two long-term water supply contracts with Malaysia

3.newborn water:

is the pillar of Singapore’s water supply,this is the use of advanced thin-film technology to treat post-use water into high-quality  recycled water.

4.fade seawater:

Singapore surrounded by the sea,however,Singapore’s technological development,advance  technology, Desalination is not a problem.

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Singapore                                 .First, Singapore people will collet rain water, then the water will go through the Industried or household, Next, they will use water at 4 water reclamation plants. This is how Singapore make their water ![image](https://coggle-images.s3.amazonaws.com/5b1e4641ac23f09ef757d7f6-ea6211d1-62fc-456a-967e-e3817558db37.png 150x97)

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Singapore wish that they can collect every drop water because they think that water is very valuable.

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They will prepare spare water for some bad things that might happen in the future such as climate change.

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SingSpring Desalination Treatment

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3-Step Treatment at NEWater Plants

Microfiltration: Microscopic particles including some bacteria are filtered out at this stage.

Reverse Osmosis: Undesirable contaminants are removed here. The water at this stage is high-grade water.

Ultraviolet Disinfection: The water passes through ultraviolet light to ensure any remaining organisms are eradicated.

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climate change and rising cost of energy ,It also reinforces the need for continual investment in R&D(R&D=Research&Development)on water technology to seek more cost-effective ways of treating, recycling and supplying water.

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The NEWater process recycles our treated used water into ultra-clean, high-grade reclaimed water, cushioning our water supply against dry weather and moving Singapore towards water sustainability. HongKong can learn singapore.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJRaOaSfUa0&feature=youtu.be

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built a robust, divers and sustainable water supply from four water sources known as the Four National Taps In integrating the water system and maximising the efficiency of each of the four national taps, Singapore has overcome its lack of natural water resources to meet the needs of a growing nation.

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Expand HongKong's capacities on water supply, used water management and drainage

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Rainwater is collected through drains, canals, rivers, storm water, collection ponds and reservoirs with the goal to collect water across two-thirds of the country.

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ceo

Hawker fare is my Singapore! They are simply delicious, value for money and a melting pot of culture. Da Dong Prawn Noodle is my favorite and my wish is our hawker heroes will one day be as famous as the great Sushi Masters of Japan.

Ignatius Chan

Restaurateur and Founder of Iggy's

Chicken RiceSingapore's 'national' dish.
This delectable dish can be found at almost every dining spot, from humble hawker centres to high-end restaurants.

Chilli CrabChilli crab hits all the right spots with tangy gravy that seeps into the succulent flesh of the stir-fried crab.

Fish Head CurryThis spicy dish is a scintillating stew of curry cooked with vegetables and of course, the whole head of a fish.

Fried Carrot CakeContrary to its name, there's nary a tinge of orange in the local fried carrot cake, a flavourful dish that comes in the monochrome colours of black or white.

Hokkien Prawn MeeThis simple dish of stir-fried noodles boasts a rich prawn stock that keeps fans coming back for more.

Kaya ToastThis simple dish is the ultimate comfort food for those with a sweet tooth, offering the right mix of crunch and sugar rush.

LaksaThe laksa broth offers the right balance of spice and coconut milk, a distinctive noodle soup that will tickle the tastebuds.

Nasi LemakIt's the savoury and creamy rice that carries this dish, with spicy sambal to give it that extra zing.

RojakDark and sticky, the salad may not look very appealing at first; but tuck into this culinary marvel and you’ll be amazed by the delicious mix of sweet and savoury.

Roti PrataThis Indian specialty is pleasing to the palate and the eye. Watch the prata-maker stretch the dough by slapping and swinging it in one skilful motion.

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Singapore The raindrops that Singapore collects will go to  Industries or household, Next, they will use water at 4 water reclamation plants. Finally, the water will be safe to use. [image](https://coggle-images.s3.amazonaws.com/5b1e4641ac23f09ef757d7f6-ea6211d1-62fc-456a-967e-e3817558db37.png 150x97)

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https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps

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30% of Singapore's water supply is currently recycled water.

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made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially as a copy of something natural.

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a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

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the process of removing salt from seawater.

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the action of collecting water, especially the collection of rainfall over a natural drainage (drainage means: Cause the liquid to run out, leaving it empty or dry) area.

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the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.

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Hong Kong has a 3 water supply system, comprising rainwater from local catchments, imported water from Dongjiang in Guangdong and seawater for toilet flushing.

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Singapore built a robust, diversified and sustainable water supply from four water sources known as the Four National Taps – Water from Local Catchment , Imported Water, high-grade reclaimed water. In integrating the water system and maximising the efficiency of each of the four national taps.