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1. Describe the role of membrane proteins in symport during the uptake of ions and translocation.
2. Explain, in terms of tugor pressure, the movement of water in plants.

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1.  Explain what reduces the pressure in the xylem.

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1) Describe and explain the process transpiration
2) Explain the difference in absorption of cations and anions in the roots
3) What are the processes that control the opening and closing of the stomata
4) How is the phloem adapted to its function
5) Define and explain the term active translocation
6) Explain, with the aid of a diagram, the process of transport of glucose produced in the source to the sink
7) What is the function of the Xylem tubes in the transport of sucrose and/or glucose in the plant.

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1. What are the adaptations in Xerophytes that allow the plant to survive in dry conditions

2. What is the use of companion cells in the transportation of sucrose in the phloem

3.  Explain the movement of sucrose in a plant
- Translocation, Phloem
- Mass Flow, water from xylem
- Concentration Gradient, osmosis
- Sink --> Shoot for growth where sucrose is for metabolism as well as storage

4. Define transpiration pull and explain how the properties of water enable transpiration pull

5. What adaptations are present that allow the phloem to function

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How is the structure of xylem makes it suitable for transporting water and mineral?

No plasma membranes are present in mature xylem vessels, so water can move in and out freely.
Helical or ring-shaped thickenings of the cellulose cell wall are impregnated with lignin. This makes them hard, so that they can resist inward pressure
Lumen of the xylem vessel is filled with sap, as the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the original cells break down. End walls also break down to form a continuous tube.
Pores in the outer cellulose cell wall conduct water out of the xylem vessel and into cell walls of adjacent leaf cells.

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- xylem transport water and mineral in plant.
- Phloem transport food.
- Water moves up due to adhesion and cohesion properties of water, also the transpiration pull.
- Soil -> epidermis -> cortex -> endodermis -> xylem
- symport
- active transport

1. Compare and contrast xylem and phloem.
2. Explain the process of loading and unloading.
3. Why does food stored in the form of sucrose in plants?

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1. How does the structure of the phloem is adapted for its function

2. Explain how the properties of water can aid in the transportation of water in the plant.

3. Explain how the xerophytes are able to adapt and survive in its surroundings.

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1. Explain how active transport is used in the sieve tubes.

2. Describe transpiration in relation to gas exchange

3. Compare and contrast the adaptations of plants in dry and salty conditions.

4. Explain how the different properties of water aid transport along the xylem.

5. Compare and contrast the process of transpiration during the day and night.

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What does the xylem transport? xylem transports water and mineral salts from the roots to the rest of the plant parts by osmosis, adhesion , cohesion and transpirational pull.

movement of ions from roots to xylem?
soil>epidermis>cortex>endodermis>xylem

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1. Compare xylem and phloem.
2. EXPLAIN FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSPIRATION?
3. ADAPTATIONS OF SIEVE ELEMENT
4. outline adaptations of xerophytes
5. explain mineral ion absorption from soil into roots
6.

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1) Describe the process of evaporation within leaf cell.
2) Compare and contrast the process of water regulation at day and night times.
3) How does the structure of xylem help in the process of transpiration?
4) Compare and contrast tracheids and vessel elements.
5) Compare and contrast apoplastic and symplastic pathways of water uptake.
6) How does the structure of phloem help the transport of sucrose?
7)  Differences in distribution and arrangement exist between plant types  monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
8) Factors affecting translocation rates.

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Transport in Xylem
Transport in Phloem