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S: Had a primitive middle class that consisted of merchants, traders, and artisans while priests, nobles, and warriors were at the top. Women were essentially considered to be lower than men, causing gender roles to arise.
P: Governed by Kings and Priests on behalf of their gods, but also had a general assembly of elected men to advise them. Civilization was organized into several city-states each ruled by kings.
I: Kingdom located in the fertile crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Used the rivers for all of their needs such as irrigation for farming. Spontaneous flooding led to fertile soil and crop growth.
C: Polytheism was the primary religion of Sumer, believed gods controlled most aspects of life. Epic poetry about their rulers, giving them superhuman qualities, was a major form of literature in Sumer.
E: Economy consisted chiefly of agriculture and trade. Workers built roads and canals to make trading significantly easier. Slavery was mainly used as a source of labor to build utilities and build up an economy.

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Rivers surrounding Sumer. These rivers would flood and contribute to the crop cultivation of Sumer and the fertile crescent.

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Farming tool created by the Sumerians. This tool allows for easier planting and getting the soil ready fro new crops.

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Sumer was an ancient Mesopotamian civilization in the fertile crescent. They are known for their innovations in language, mathematics, architecture, and more. They were ruled by kings and built ziggurauts as temples to their gods. They were known for having cuneiform, one of the first written languages in the world. Sumer had many utilities that we know today in modern civilization such as schools, medicine, written records, and epic poetry. Because of all these advances, they are known as the civilization that gave birth to modern civilization. The area was first settled around 4000 bc and was last seen as a civilization in 2004 BC. In the meantime, there were many power struggles between the kings of different city states for hundreds of years until the civilization which would eventually become the Babylonians took over Sumer, ending Sumer's reign as a distinct kingdom.

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“They devised such useful tools, skills, and techniques as the potter's wheel, the wagon wheel, the plow, the sailboat, the arch, the vault, the dome, casting in copper and bronze, riveting, brazing and soldering, sculpture”
― Samuel Noah Kramer, The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character
One of the Sumerians greatest advances was in the area of hydraulic engineering. Early in their history they created a system of ditches to control flooding, and were also the inventors of irrigation. Canals were consistently maintained from dynasty to dynasty.
-History.com

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1. Sumer is similar to Babylon because both civilizations were Polytheistic.
2. Sumer is similar to Egypt because both civilizations relied on a major river.
3. Sumer is different from Egypt because Egypt's rivers flooded predictably while Sumer's did not.
4. Sumer is different from the Chinese civilizations because at the top of Sumer's hierarchy are the priests, but at the top of China's is the Emperor.

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Why did the Tigris and Euphrates river provide an ideal environment for the civilization of Sumer?
The rivers created an area of land that was very fertile and had easy access to water for their various needs. Because of the very high importance of agriculture , the banks of these rivers were the ideal locations for civilization.

How did Sumer resemble features of modern civilization?
Sumer established many practices that influenced more modern civilizations such as written records, sophisticated architecture, religion, medicine, and government. They also had specialized labor and advanced agricultural techniques.

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Have a SPICE chart with two pieces of information for each theme

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Have a SPICE chart with two pieces of information for each theme

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The religion practiced by Sumerians. They believed in multiple gods rather than just one god.

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First written alphabet written and created by the Sumerians. It used shapes and symbols rather than actual letters that we use today.

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Temple that would commonly be found in the middle of a city.