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Otherwise known as the Wheeler-Howard Act of 1934, was a decree passed by the United States government granting Native peoples more freedom from federal government. This enabled Natives to establish their own (restricted) constitution to govern their reservations. The government granted Natives funds to establish a revolving credit program for tribes to purchase more land, educational assistance, and aid tribal organization.

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The act gave the Indian tribes the land and mineral rights to the tribe's traditionally held areas. These are known as Indian Reservations

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The IRA has a complicated and divisive legacy. Some argue that the act was based an a romanticized version of Native life and was not applicable to all Native Americans. Others argue that these lands can be exploited. The act has also been criticized due to the way the US goes about acquiring the land. However, many people believe that the allocation of land to Natives was a huge leap in reestablishing Native culture.

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The Indian Reorganization Act was designed to end the traditionally held idea of "Making the Indian Civilized" style of government, by giving the Native Americans their own land and governmental structures.
The Act was the idea of John Collier, who believed that we should emulate the traditional way of native life.