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Carl Rogers                   Abraham Maslow

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Carl Rogers                   Abraham Maslow

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Wilhelm Wundt                Edward Titchener  

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Wilhelm Wundt                Edward Titchener  

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Reducing mental processes down into their most basic elements

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-Using introspection (the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes) to analyze the inner processes of the human mind

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John B. Watson                     Ivan Pavlov                             B.F. Skinner

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John B. Watson                     Ivan Pavlov                             B.F. Skinner

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Behavior is the result of reinforcements, punishments

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-Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the focus of research.
-Behavior Modification
-Change maladaptive behaviors through reinforcements

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Jean Piget                          Noam Chomsky                 Albert Ellis

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Jean Piget                          Noam Chomsky                 Albert Ellis

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Paul Broca                      Wernike                           Phineas Gage                     Roger Sperry

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Paul Broca                      Wernike                           Phineas Gage                     Roger Sperry

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Our unconscious mind:
-sex and aggression
-childhood
-and guilt

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-Free association
-Dream analysis
-TAT test

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Unconscious, unresolved repressed issues from past

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-Id, ego, superego
-Psychosexual stages
-Seeking acceptance
-Avoiding rejection

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We strive to satisfy out id impulses but we must meet demands of society

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Observation

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Focuses on uniquely human issues:
-The Self
-Hope
-Love
-Creativity
-Nature being
-Becoming
-Individuality

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How people:
-Perceive
-Remember
-Think
-Speak
-Solve problems

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We are results of 1000's years of adaptation, survival of fittest.

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-Classical and Operant condition
-Instrumental latent conditioning

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Our personality traits arise from reinforcement/punishment

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We're driven by extrinsic and intrinsic motivators. Conscious and unconscious

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New models

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Imitation

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We are what we see

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Those held in high regard will be imitated

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-Client-centered therapy
-Reflective listening
-Self-help
-Group therapy

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-Barriers to self actualization
-Ideal self and actual self not in congruence

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Ideal self must be in congruence with our actual self

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs says basic needs should be met before higher needs

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-RET
-Reality therapy (Change maladaptive thoughts)
-CBT
-Cognitive
-Behavioral

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Irrational thoughts lead to anxiety and depression

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Based on how we think and perceive the world. Prior knowledge

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-Based on goals
-Reducing cognitive dissonance

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Behavior and cognition are related to survival

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Anxiety was a defense mechanism in wild

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Extroverts maintain social networks; introverts crave safety

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Instinct and drive theories

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Focus on biology and medicinal treatments

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Drugs and surgical procedures

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-Imbalance of NTM's
-Genetics
-Hormones
-Brain structure
-Disease

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-Genetics
-NTM's
-Hormones

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-Genetics
-NTM's
-Hormones