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Political party lead by Andrew Jackson from 1828 to 1856. Campaigned against strong central government and fought to end elitism.

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Andrew Jackson was born in 1767 in the Waxhaws region between North Carolina and South Carolina. A lawyer and a landowner, he became a national war hero after defeating the British in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as the "people's president," Jackson destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the Democratic Party, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in the forced migration of Native Americans. He died on June 8, 1845.

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Cold war was tension in the world with nuclear threat. It was tension between Communism and Capitalism. With the threat of equality.

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-the term "manifest destiny" created in 1845
-the Gadsen Purchase 1853

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-1834-54
-formed in opposition to "king" Andrew & the democrats
-AKA national republicans
-conservative during this time
-Henry Clay: 1st leader

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During the 19th century, American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico.

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-leader of the whig party
-the American System
-tariff to promote & protect American Industry
-national bank
-fed. subsidies for infrastructure

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(1846-1848) Conflict that arose after the annexation of Texas because Mexico still claimed much of the land to be theirs. Ended by treaty of guadalupe hidalgo which granted the US all of the land from TX to CA.

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Westward expansion caused the boom in the market with all the land being bought. Also less real workers were moving towards cities and participating in the industrial movement.

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36. French Indian Trade Networks - Luke Motto

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36. French Indian Trade Networks - Luke Motto

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The french and indians formed solid relationships due to the trade establishing sides and alliances in the french and indian war

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Slavery was one of the main arguments between the north and the south that lead to the Civil War.

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37. Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

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37. Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

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War between the British and their Indian allies and the French and their Indian allies over the Ohio River Valley. The war established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.

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A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, African Americans, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery.

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The eruption of violence resulting from the succession of the south and the states rights argument.

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The Enlightenment period was like the great awakening, it was a period of christian revival.

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U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives to create more ties with Asia. This led to more diplomatic ties with Asia.

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The protestant branch of Christianity was the second most popular form of Christianity during this time period. Protestants also helped promote religious toleration during this time period.

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The colonies worked together to overthrow Great Britain that had ended Salutary Neglect to tax them. They had basically been their own nation before this and they found it unfair that Great Britain to strengthen their control over the colonies

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Fled there country to come come to a place better than theres. Ireland had the potato famine which left them with no food. Germans fled for economic opportunity and or religious/ political freedom.

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Up until this point in history, most European immigrants had been Protestants, often fleeing religious oppression. When Catholics began immigrating as well, many people saw them as inferior and worked to isolate them and prohibit any cultural or political influence. The goal of the Nativist Movement was to keep the American culture "untainted." The political party that arose out of the Nativist Movement was the Know-Nothing Party.

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American public official,politician, scientist, writer. Negotiated French support during the American Revolutionary War, helped write the declaration of independence, signed the treaty of Paris (1783), and drafted the constitution

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DIscovered first by Spanish conquistadors; Present-day Mexico's exploration led to the entry of conquering the southern regions of present-day America

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89. Mexican Americans / American Indians

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89. Mexican Americans / American Indians

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American Indians are people living in America before the Europeans arrived. They had their own customs and languages, but were all war-like and repeated the land. it has been estimated that there were over 100,000 natives living in North America before the Europeans came, but in less than a decade after, there were only approx. 10,000. Many died from diseases and war with the Europeans and other tribes.

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Groups of small societies created in an effort to reform American society.

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The patriot movement is a collection of various conservative, independent, mostly rural, small government, American nationalist social movements in the United States that include organized militia members, tax protesters, sovereign or state citizens

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Agricultural society that depended on three "sister crops," squash, beans, and corn. The tribes in this area established trade networks throughout North America.

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40th President of the United States. Was known as the father of Globalization because he influenced developing countries on how to govern themselves and how the market should work.

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3. Atlantic Seaboard                   - Ethan Thomas

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3. Atlantic Seaboard                   - Ethan Thomas

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The Atlantic Seaboard is the Eastern region of the United States. This region contains almost the entire east coast. This region housed the first colonies that were settled in the US.

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Mother country of the colonies. Mercantilism of the colonies, war of independence, american revolution

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The official army of the United States that was established by the Continental Congress which was a fighting force against the British. Commanded by George Washington. The soldiers were volunteers who were also paid.

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George Washington was the first president of the United States, serving from 1789-1797, and commanded in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

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The Progressive Era arose during the turn of the 20th century due to a surge of reformers advocating for worker's and consumer's rights. Prior to this era, corporations were heavily involved in government affairs and the privacy of capitalism allowed for businessmen to take advantage of workers with ease. The Progressive Era instilled legislation which regulated corporations and gave rights to workers.

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The highly influential pamphlet which used clear, simple, yet powerful language to convey its message to a poorly educated public as well as politicians. Paine encouraged America's colonies to break away from the oppressive England.

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-European nations wanted to establish their sphere of influence in  the New World (the Americas).
-reasons for settling: Gold, Glory, God
-The Americas were a refuge from religious persecution and a source for resources and labor.

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- #8 is anonymous (no name)

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The main focus during this time was to convert Natives to Christianity

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The reformers of this age included WEB DuBois, Ida B Wells, and Booker T Washington for the advancement of African Americans. They helped create the NAACP, and the Niagara Movement.  Other reform leaders included Elizabeth Cady Stanton, whom helped spark the next era of women’s rights, and others that helped promote equality during this era. These reforms led to an increase of economic activity by all groups, which helped increase capitalism in America and around the world.

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The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.

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Found power in the populist party, brought women into the public sphere, used mass entertainment. This was when woman got a few rights, like the right to vote in 1920.

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-Euro. social system during the middle ages
-people worked & fought for nobles who gave them protection & the use of land in return
-transferred to America during colonization

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An economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets.

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Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king

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At the turn of the century, President Theodore Roosevelt put national preservation high on the national agenda. He implemented national parks, and Gifford Pinchot was his chief advisor on the matter. Not only this, but they were also adamant to preserve natural resources.

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A formal pronouncement of independence (July 4, 1776) drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide.

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A labor system created by the Spanish in their American colonies. Native Americans were treated very harshly and it was essentially a form of slavery. The Spanish also wanted to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism.

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The regions of early America and it defies the regions in which most people lived. They lived in South, North, or Midwest.

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11. Native Americans (American Indians) 

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11. Native Americans (American Indians) 

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Known as indians, they originally weren't keen to the Colonists resulting in battles and wars. But famously known as the first 'Thanksgiving', they befriended us for a meal. They eventually have to start trying to keep their homes. They were the defense in the long game of westward expansion and eventually lost and were forced to small reservations.

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The southern whites had control of state governments; black men were being kept from exercising their right to vote. Segregation became the social norm. Some African American leaders, most prominently Booker T. Washington, believed that by showing deference to white, blacks could avoid violence while quietly acquiring an education and property. Others, like W. E. B. Du Bois, wanted to fight segregation and lynching through the courts and the political system.

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Only one component of the transatlantic slave trade; used for the economic purposes of developing colonies

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Slaved african americans were treated badly by the famrers, free african americans were at constant feear of being kdidnapeed and enslaved

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The 1903 Immigration Act: prohibited the entry of people judged to be anarchists and political extremists

The 1906 Naturalization Act: established the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization in the Commerce Department to standardize naturalization procedures. The law also required that some knowledge of the English language was a requirement for American citizenship.

The 1907 Immigration Act: part of a series of reforms aimed at further restricting the increasing number of immigrants. The Dillingham Commission was formed as a result of the law in response to growing political concern about the effects of immigration in the United States. The subsequent Dillingham Commission report discriminated between Old and New Immigration and concluded that migration of southern and eastern Europeans posed a serious threat to American society and culture. The Dillingham Commission report led to further stringent and specific immigration restrictions.

The 1940 Alien Registration Act

The outbreak of WW2 led to the Alien Registration Act that required the registration and fingerprinting of all aliens in the United States over the age of 14 years old. Another objective of the law was to undermine the American Communist Party.

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When Native Americans proved to be difficult to force into slave labor, a Triangular Trade between the Americas,  Europe, and Africa brought African slaves to the New World. Prior to what's also known as the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Africa was a wealthy country and slavery, though common, increased to epidemic levels as Portuguese colonists and other Europeans created a higher demand for it.

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Basic Gold God and Glory for Spanish explorers investigating the new world

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CHRISTIAN LIBERTY
enlightenment is affecting ideas and morals of Chrsitans
Leads to great awakening
Sinners in the hands of an Angry God

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Brought over from africa the pople were enslaved.
Few could obtain slavery in the new world.
They did all the manua
l labor and were servants in the house.

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Both worked with Native Americans and their goal was to boost their economies through trade. They were peaceful and did not focus on expansion/conversion like the English and the Spanish.

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Native Americans were exploited and were prevented from enjoying in basic rights such as marriage. The Natives not only gained goods from the Europeans but also diseases.

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19. British/European Migrants - Ethan Thomas

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19. British/European Migrants - Ethan Thomas

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British and European Migrants entered the newly colonized Americas in the pursuit of wealth and a new life. Many came as indentured servants who got land after serving at least 5 years.

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Maryland and Virginia, primarily tobacco driven economy; overproduction in the 1660s led to falling prices; labor shortages due to high death rate and Native attacks led to various methods to promote migration

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North Carolina was a Southern colony founded in 1670. It was supposed to be a feudal society by decree of the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, but a greater hierarchy was established through slavery. It was made to provide land to the sons of wealthy Caribbean planters. They grew primarily rice, had poor relations with Natives, and offered 150 acres for each member of an arriving family to entice immigration.

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Massachusetts Colony
Rhode Island Colony
Connecticut Colony
New Hampshire Colony

People:
John Winthrop
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
Thomas H**ker
John Mason

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Puritans were English religious sects who wanted to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization

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The middle colonies included New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. They were considered to be more diverse and relied on family farms. Important crops included wheat and corn. Pennsylvania or the quakers were huge pacifist when it came to the Natives.

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-Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
-hierarchical society (fam. status & land ownership)
-House of Burgesses (VA)
-plantations, slave labor, cash crops (rice, indigo, tobacco)
-Church of England (Anglicans)

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Term for British Colonies in the Caribbean.
Anguilla, Bermuda, The Cayman islands, Turks & Caicos Islands, Montserrat, and British Virgin Islands.

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1675-1776, A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanoags, led by Metacom, a chief also known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

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An idea linked to republicanism that elevated the role of women. It gave them the role as the keepers of the nation's conscience Its roots were from the idea that a citizen should be to his country as a mother is to her child.

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48. Independent Movements (France, Haiti, Latin AM)

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48. Independent Movements (France, Haiti, Latin AM)

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After American Independence, other countries were inspired because if the colonies could defeat Britain, they could defeat their colonizers. This expanded the number of free countries and Americans influence on the world

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Also known as Pope's rebellion; the uprising of Pueblo Indians against the Spanish colonists in present day New Mexico; Spanish tried to convert Indians. When the Spanish arrived 13 years later, they realize they cannot force the Pueblo to Christianity. For a time they lived in harmony with one another

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Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona.

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The AOC were the first draft of the constitution after the American Revolution. It served to outline the functions of the national government but ultimately failed because the central government had very little power. The Articles made it so the government could not handle interstate disputes, could not control a national currency, and did not have an executive power or judicial branch

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50. Constitutional Convention  - Ethan Thomas 

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50. Constitutional Convention  - Ethan Thomas 

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The constitutional convention met twice before ratifying the constitution of the US. Each state sent two delegates, and it took a 2/3 majority vote to ratify the constitution. This was how the US broke away from the Articles of Confederation and set up a better central government

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Federalists favored a strong central government to maintain peace and stability, while anti-federalists opposed a central government that did not guarantee protection of individual rights.

Federalist leaders
Washington, Hamilton, Madison, Franklin

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30. The First Great Awakening- Luke Motto

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30. The First Great Awakening- Luke Motto

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Huge turnaround for religion in the colonies with different sects of Christianity forming

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Revitalization of religion; reforming teaching of the bible- John Winthrop, George Whitefield

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Colony culture

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Communication via the press in the new world, allowed for communication between the old and new world

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-beliefs: salvation by faith in Jesus Christ's atonement
-The movement gained momentum in the 18th & 19th centuries w/ the emergence of Methodism & the Great Awakenings
--1st Great Awakening: Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s & 1740s

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Mother countries used their colonies for trade and resources to boost their economies. England participated in this heavily

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52. Federalist Papers (Hamilton & Madison)

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52. Federalist Papers (Hamilton & Madison)

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The papers of the federalists like Mr Ham and Mr Mads.

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The bill or rights are the first ten amendments of the constitution. The bill of rights were added and ratified during the long debate over the ratification of the constitution. They were added to address the objections made by anti-federalists in insuring personal freedoms to the people. Ratified December 15, 1791

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A Massachusetts lawyer who defended the British soldiers of the Boston Massacre. He later went on to persuade the First Continental Congress to revolt against Britain. He was a part of the group that negotiated the Treaty of Paris in 1783. He became George Washington's vice president, eventually going on to become the 2nd president of the US, preventing a war with France during his term.

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Led by Thomas Jefferson, he believed people should have political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

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Thomas Jefferson limited central govt, reduced size of military, eliminated a number of federal jobs, repealed the excise taxes, lowered national debt.

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A land ordinance passed under the Articles of Confederation in 1787 which declared the eventual admission of 3-5 states in the Northwest area (modern day Ohio, Mississippi, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois). It made slavery illegal in these territories and respected Indian sovereignty.

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The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799. It was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The revolution was inspired by Enlightenment thoughts and the American Revolution that sought to reform society based off of rational thinking rather than tradition. The revolution precipitated a series of European wars, forcing the United States to articulate a clear policy of neutrality in order to avoid being embroiled in these European conflicts

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59. George Washington's Farewell Address                        - Ethan Thomas

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59. George Washington's Farewell Address                        - Ethan Thomas

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George Washington's farewell address warned the US against forming political parties, getting entangled in foreign affairs, and forming alliances. All of which we ended up doing anyway.

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- #27 and 33 are anonymous (no name)

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After being in the first world war we hit the depression and were left in need. The New Deal helped pull us out with reforms and legislation.

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People like Martin Van Buren opposed expanding slavery into the Western territories because they felt that if you lived on the free soil of America, you deserved to be free.

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People who wanted the immediate and uncompensated abolition of slavery. They also helped slaves gain freedom.

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The land that was given to the U.S. from Texas to California north of the Rio Grande.

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Written by Henry Clay to appease the abolitionist North and the pro-slavery South. It included 5 points: The Fugitive Slave Act which required citizens to return escaped slaved to their masters, California being annexed as a free state, the slave trade was abolished in D.C., The US would pay off Texas' debt, and the remaining territories would decide whether or not they would be free or slave states by popular sovereignty.

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This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were pro-slavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act.

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Dred Scott sued for his freedom because he was a slave that was brought into a free state classifying him as free. He won in the lower court but the supreme court reversed the decision.

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Period that saw rising levels in voters and political activity. Two major part, Whigs and Democrats.

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resisted radical reconstruction, wanted low tariffs, supported the gold standard, pro social Darwinism, supported the Spoils System

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70. Abolitionists / Antislavery Movements

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70. Abolitionists / Antislavery Movements

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Abolitionists supported the movement to end slavery immediately in the United States. This movement, while in overall terms called for the freedom of slaves, was also divided in the opinion whether to integrate them into society or to send them back to Africa.

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The Seneca Falls Convention was a place for women to gather to discuss how to best attain their rights. This event was hosted, in part, by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It was during this convention where the list of grievances against women was formed.