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Driving Question - How do we keep birds from eating plastic trash?

Organize information so it is easy to find and read.
Lot's of source material. What do you plan to do with it?

I want to hear what you think about it after reading all that info.

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Good researching with the statistics and facts, the pictures and resources were also very well done.

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Good pics and info

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You did good  but hard for real to understand

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Well done. Looks fake

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so much info, but yea

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That. Is. Alotta. Info. Good note taking, I guess buuuuuuuuut it lookx like u copied and pasted.

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5.25 trillion pieces of plastic is in the ocean- National Geographic
300 million tones of plastic produced and only 10% is recycled and 8 million plastic is in the ocean- nytimes.com
8 million tones of plastic ended up in the ocean and by 2025 it will be timed by two and 9/10 people bring their own reusable plastic bag in UK and the plastic usage has been reduced by 85% and microbeads has been banned from all comestics also in UK- metro.co.uk

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Look around you right now, and you'll probably see some sort of plastic, whether it's a water bottle on your desk or someone carrying a plastic bag down the street.

We rely on plastic to get our shopping home, protect our fruit from bruising, or keep our takeaway coffee warm. However, it's hugely damaging to the environment.

A large amount of plastic ends up in our oceans, affecting sealife and polluting the water.

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There have been many initiatives to reduce the amount of plastic in the ocean, including the 5p bag charge here in the UK.

9 in 10 people in the UK now bring their own reusable bags when shopping, and some sources have said there's been an 85% reduction in plastic bag usage.

Companies are also starting to come round to the idea, with chains like Wetherspoon's removing plastic straws from their pubs. Plastic straws are dangerous to marine life, and can get stuck in the windpipes of turtles or other animals.

Microbeads have additionally been banned from all cosmetics in the UK, with the ban going into full force earlier this year. These are the little scrubby bits in washes and soaps which may seem harmless, but actually end up being eaten the fish we then eat and clog up our water supply.

The exact amount of plastic in our oceans is hard to quantify, because you have the tiny particles like microbeads to incorporate into the total.

Some plastic also just washes up on beaches rather than being in the ocean. This is still bad for the environment, but affects the overall amount.

As well as this, the density of a certain plastics (PET) is heavier than water, so items sink to the sea floor. This is extremely deep and hard for researchers to collect a meaningful sample as part of their study.

What scientists do know, though, is that every year about 8 million metric tons of plastic end up in our oceans.

In 2025, the annual input is estimated to be about twice that.

So, even if we started from no plastic in the oceans in 2015 when this study was done, by 2025 there could potentially be over 160 million metric tons of plastic in the seas.

Even floating on the surface of the oceans right now, there's up to 245,000 metric tons of plastic.

Facts about plastic consumption

Source: Plastic Oceans

The best way to avoid using these plastics is to simply stop buying overpackaged products. Items like this plastic covered coconut, or this cauliflower packaged as a steak don't need to be bought. Simply go to the fresh produce aisle and stick the free-range veg in your basket.

Also, re-use your plastics whenever you can, and if you don't already recycle, speak with your local council to work out the best way to dispose of your plastics without them getting dumped in the sea.

The turtles will thank you for it.

MORE: Bestival launches campaign to ban single-use plastic straws at festivals

MORE: Iceland becomes first supermarket to go 'plastic-free' on all own

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Look around you right now, and you'll probably see some sort of plastic, whether it's a water bottle on your desk or someone carrying a plastic bag down the street. We rely on plastic to get our shopping home, protect our fruit from bruising, or keep our takeaway coffee warm.

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BEN FOGLE - A Plastic Oceans - Full Documentary - HD.

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How can we use our informations to make a powerful and good project?

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90% of the sea birds 🦅 are likely to eat plastic
Predicts that by 2050 is almost certain that all sea birds will have plastic in their stomachs

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About 90% of seabirds have eaten plastic and are likely to retain some in their gut, a new analysis estimates.

The study concludes that matters will only get worse until action is taken to stem the flow of waste to the oceans.

Researcher Erik Van Sebille says the oceans are now filled with plastic and it is "virtually certain" that any dead seabird found in 2050 "will have a bit of plastic in its stomach".

Dr Van Sebille and his colleagues report their work in the journal PNAS.

On one level, the analysis is shocking, but on another, its findings seem depressingly familiar.

Numerous studies have now catalogued the rising mass of plastic debris being dumped, blown or simply washed out to sea; and it is having a deleterious impact on the marine environment.

To the foraging bird, a discarded plastic cigarette lighter or a shiny bottle top can look like a fish. If ingested, this litter may simply stay in the gut, unable to pass through, putting the animal's health at risk.

As more and more plastic waste finds its way into the oceans - about eight million tonnes a year in one recent estimate - so the hazards to wildlife increase.

In their PNAS paper, the Australian and UK scientists reviewed decades of peer-reviewed literature to trace the evolution of seabirds' exposure to plastic debris.

Back in 1960, the data showed that maybe fewer than 5% of birds would be found with waste fragments in their stomach.

Today, this figure is roughly 90%. And, on current trends, by 2050, the team predicts that plastic ingestion will touch 99% of the world's seabird species, with nearly every individual affected.

"Plastic in seabirds is ubiquitous, and it's increasing," study leader Chris Wilcox from CSIRO, Australia's federal research agency, told BBC News.

To get to its 2050 extrapolation, the team had to understand the hotspots of risk, by overlaying the known foraging behaviour of the world's 400 or so seabird species on to the known distribution of plastic waste at sea.

This approach demonstrated that the regions of highest risk are not where most floating plastic congregates, which is in the centres of the great ocean gyres, sometimes dubbed "garbage patches" or "islands" for the way the debris just goes round and round.

Rather, the zones of highest concern are where most seabirds are found, which is in a band in the Southern Ocean, near Australia, South Africa and South America.

Once thought of as having pristine waters, this region is now sufficiently polluted to ensure a great array of species encounters some waste.

"A pristine ocean doesn't exist anymore," said Dr Van Sebille, who is affiliated to Imperial College London.

"Every ocean is now filled with plastic. Some have more than others, but what we found is that even the oceans that are not known for their plastic - they still have quite a bit of plastic and they can be where the harm is really done just because that's where all the birds live."

Another key finding from the research is that the problem really is solvable. If only the stream of plastic waste getting into the oceans can be shut off, then seabirds have the capacity to recover quite quickly.

Dr Wilcox explained: "Because exposure to plastic turns out to be a strong predictor of how much plastic the birds have in them; that is, the more plastic they're exposed to, the more they ingest - this implies that if we reduce the amount of plastic going into the oceans, you would expect all these species to essentially respond.

"And this makes this problem different from something like climate change. It ought to be relatively easy to fix."

Jenna Jambeck from the University of Georgia, US, is an expert on plastic waste issues. She was not involved in the study but said it had eloquently made the link between solid waste management practices on land, the plastic input into the oceans, and the impacts being felt by seabirds globally.

"It illustrates that if we implement solutions to reduce plastic input into the oceans, we can reduce impacts to individual seabirds.

"Solutions include improving solid waste management where it is lacking, and also working upstream on product redesign and materials substitution moving towards a more circular system," she told BBC News.

Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos

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Seabirds 'blighted by plastic waste' - BBC News

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About 90% of seabirds have eaten plastic and are likely to retain some in their gut, a new analysis estimates. The study concludes that matters will only get worse until action is taken to stem the flow of waste to the oceans.

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https://www.powtoon.com/home/
https://www.mysimpleshow.com/
https://www.wix.com/

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8 mill tonnes plastic dumped year. Relatively easy to solve. Cut waste stream

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Most threatened bird species: gulls, albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels all at risk 💀.

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https://sketch.io/sketchpad/
https://www.sketchup.com/
https://shapr3d.com/
http://www.sweethome3d.com/
http://pixologic.com/sculptris/
http://www.formz.com/products/formzjr.html
https://www.autodesk.co.uk/products/inventor/overview
https://www.solidworks.com/
https://www.blender.org/

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Should not need to make distinction but now is so abundant it is time combat issue. Main problem: can’t distinguish food from plastic. Balloon 🎈 plastic bags favorite. DANGEROUS. Eating ballon not only cause internal damage, string causes entanglement. Estimated 2050 99% bird species will eat plastic 95% individuals feel consequences. Abandoned fishing 🎣 gear 💀.

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https://www.ecowatch.com/22-facts-about-plastic-pollution-and-10-things-we-can-do-about-it-1881885971.html
Los Angeles creates 10 metric tones of plastic waste and carry that to Pacific Ocean every day
Used more plastic for the last decade than the plastic used the last century

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Australia: used half a billion for plastic bottles and produced 582.9 litre of plastic water in 2009-2010and left 373 million plastic bottles in waste and created 45.7 thousand tones CO2 noting counting the amount used in transportation and refrigeration and used more than 145.7 million liters for transportation
Annual use of plastic bottles 60,000 tones of greenhouse gas=13,000 cars generate annually

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It is like a scooper that skims the surface of the ocean to clear off the plastic and no matter how big it is. Inside out invention there is a fine cloth that filters the water from the plastic so that the water that comes out doesn’t have any plastic.

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The graph

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Laysan albatrosses are vulnerable to eating plastic because of the way they feed, skimming across the water, picking up plastic floating. They then regugitate for chicks, who can’t.

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Foraging instincts may affect plastic eating. Young birds eat more plastic generally then adults.

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Birds vulnerability affected foraging behavior, diet breeding. Procellariiformes birds albatrosses petrels etc more plastic because feed in ocean and mistake plastic as prey.

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Americans: Annually consume 8.6 billion gallons of plastic bottle water
Global: 53 billion gallons of bottled water
12 ounce of bottled water but 36 ounces are consumed
40% of bottled water are from the tap
17 million barrels of oil are used to make bottled water=340 million gallons of gasoline
1/5 of plastic bottles are recycled& 4/5 goes to land fill

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Studys 1962-2012, 59% seabird spiecies examined 8 plastic. Some plastics look like food. Seabirds that skim over water prone accidentally eat plastic.

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6.4 million tonnes of plastic is dumped into ocean annually=3,200 KM of trucks filled with garbage
2/3 of world fish stocks suffer from plastic
Identified 200 dead zone, which is a zone where no organisms can live

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Seabirds use scent more susceptible to eating plastic. Why because after while algae grows on it, it smells like krill. Eight million metric tons of plastic enters sea 🌊 annually. Eating plastic results in damage insides, gut blockage or build up of chemicals in the animals tissues.

Scientists did experiment. They put three most common plastic types high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene (different density of plastic, or oil). Put 💼 bags put of coast of California. 3 weeks later they were collected taken for analysis. Let off sulfur compound, dimethyl sulfide (dms), dms triggers certain bird 🦅 forage krill. Like dinner bell🥘 🛎 . After 55 study’s and 13315 birds 🐦 found birds track dms 6 times more likely eat plastic. This group called tube-nosed seabirds includes albatrosses and petrels.

Solution, make plastic that doesn’t accumulate algae so readily

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Tied plastic end by end and it will be 4200 longer than the circumference of the Earth
100,000 marine animals die annually due to plastic
1 million seabirds die from plastic
Plastic bags are so hard to disintegrate so that is because lots of animals are killed by plastic
Can take anything between 29-1000 years for plastic to break down into smaller pieces and when they do they become polymers and toxic chemicals
4 family shopping=60 plastic bags

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A plastic bag can kill lots of animals since lots of animals can consume it again and again
When flood happens plastic bags can clog drains
Ireland introduced 15c plastic bags tax and the plastic bag usage reduced by 90% in a year
First thing that the sailors see in the ocean that is made by man is plastic
Estimated that that every square mile there is 46,000 piece of plastic
13,000-15,000 plastic dumped in ocean every day (world wide)

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Australia:
Uses 6.9 billion plastic bags alone it self where 3.9 billion is plastic bags from shopping
10% of the population recycle plastic bags
If you tied the bags end by end it with travel around the Earth 42.5 times
Dumps 36,700 tons of plastic in landfill=4000 plastic bags per minute
Cost 4 million dollars to clean up the plastic bags
If each family use less a plastic bag that would be 253 million bags less a year
Less than 1% of plastic bags are reused

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1. Remember to put your name at the top of your notes
2. Research like a BOSS!
- Key words
-Summarize long text
-Do not repeat topic name-
Do NOT copy and paste

Be an excellent group member

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5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in Earth
269,000 tons floats on the ocean surface
500 billion single use plastic bags per year
A million plastic bags across the world every minute
150 single use plastic bag per person every year

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Seabirds are enticed to plastic waste because when it accumulates, algae starts growing, letting of a scent very much like food. Birds 🦅 that rely on scent (albatrosses, shearwaters) are especially at risk.