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Europe's population increased, partly because more food was available. The new technology that was invented helped farmers produce larger harvests than ever before. For example, the horse collar, the horse collar allowed farmers to plow fields using horses. Also the towns grew becuase trade increased. The growth of trade led to the decline of feudalism. And the knights began to demand money instead of land.

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Eleanor lived in C. 1122-1204. She ruled Aquitaine, a region in Southwestern France. In 1137 Eleanor became queen of France. She was also a vassal to the king of France. After she divorced king Louis II and became queen of England by marrying king Henry. Eleanor was the mother of the future king - Richard the Lionheart.

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In the fall, peasants worked to harvest crops like wheat. The manor had a villiage black-smith that made iron tools to help with farming. The lord of the manor lived  in a large stone house called the manor house. The lord also collected taxes from people who lived on his manor. The village church was built on a small piece of land that belonged to the lord. The peasants or serfs grew vagtables in small gardens near their houses.

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William the Conqueror was the duke  of Normandy in Northern France. William also conquered England in 1066. William rewarded his knights with large estates of land.

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Peasants or serfs  were workers that were tied to the land on which they lived. Peasants owned no land. Peasants also were not apart of the feudal system. Many peasants worked on land that was owned by nobles and knights.

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The knights served noble lords in exchange for land. The knights fought for the lords. They could also accept  fiefs from several different lords. The knights wore suits of armor while fighting on horseback.

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Nobles were the vassals of kings. They also fought for king, and received land for their service. The nobles gave money to upper lords on special occasions and gave lords food and shelter if visiting. People became a lord if they have gained enough land.

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Kings and Queens were the greatest lords, they were also apart of the monarchy. To become this powerful they had to be born into a powerful family, this is called birthright. Nobles and knights were their vassals. The peasants built castles for the Kings and Queens for protection. In return the Kings and Queens gave land to the vassals for providing protection.