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Julia Boyle
Mrs. Jenkins
English 10-7
23 April 2018

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In the novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury displays how the way children are raised and the environment they grow up in could affect their adulthood, and according to research, today’s world is becoming similar in the way parents raise their children.

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A big part of child development is the memories that stick with them throughout their life into adulthood. For example, Guy Montag discusses how things are very different from how they were in the past. "My uncle says his grandfather remembered when children didn't kill each other," Guy explained (Bradbury 27). He tells a story of the past to try and  make sense of the present. In the book, elders often tell stories in an effort to teach younger characters a lesson. An old man says to Montag, "Man, when I was younger I shoved my ignorance in people's faces. They beat me with sticks," (Bradbury 100). The way that the man acted when he was young affected how he acts now. He has learned his lesson and strives to be a better person. As people grow and age, only a few memories stick with them and shape who they are as an adult. In Fahrenheit 451, Granger tells a childhood story that remains with him in the present. He says, "My grandfather showed me some V-2 rocket films once, some fifty years ago," (Bradbury 150). In all of these instances, people are looking back on childhood memories that paved the way for their future.

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Fahrenheit 451- Childhood and Traditions

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Fahrenheit 451- Childhood and Traditions

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Both the people in Fahrenheit 451 and in real life learn a lot from old traditions and stories that have been passed down from one generation to another. In the book, Guy Montag and Clarisse were playing a game when they begin to have a conversation. "Have you ever heard of rubbing it under your chin?" "If it rubs off, it means I'm in love. Has it?" (Bradbury 19). This example of indirect characterization shows that they have grown up playing this game that has been passed down for many years. Also, Granger and Montag discuss how books will be shared with young children and future generations since books will be forbidden. Granger says, "We'll pass the books on to our children, by word of mouth, and let our children wait, in turn, on the other people," (Bradbury 146). Very similar to old stories in our world such as folk literature, the people in Fahrenheit 451 passed down stories by word of mouth so that others were able to hear the stories, since books were forbidden. Granger brings up a very insightful point and declares, "Everyone must leave something behind when he dies, my grandfather said. A child or a book or a painting or a house or a wall built or a pair of shoes made. Or a garden planted. Something your hand touched some way so your soul has somewhere to go when you die, and when people look at that tree or that flower you planted, you're there," (Bradbury 149). Anything left behind is viewed as a symbol of someone's existence and says a lot about the person and their life story.

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No matter how broken or toxic a relationship may be, they shape people into who they are today. In Fahrenheit 451, everyone is arguing when Montag says, "Who are these people? Who's that man and who's that woman? Are they husband and wife, divorced, engaged what? Good God, nothing's connected up," (Bradbury 43). Nobody knows the connection of people, and no matter how happy they make themselves look to the general public, it could all be a lie. Later on, Mrs. Bowles is explaining childbirth. "I've had two children by Cesarean section. No use going through all that agony for a baby," (Bradley 92). This type of behavior is very contradicting for being a mother, especially since mothers should be willing to go through anything and make sacrifices for her children. Montag and Mildred are talking about the White Clown when Montag says, "Does your 'family' love you, love you very much, love you with all their heart and soul, Millie?" (Bradbury 73). This example of symbolism shows how important family is in the story. The salamander is a huge symbol that goes along with relationships. Salamanders don't die in fire, and if somebody's problems were the "fire", the love and importance behind the relationship or the "salamander" will not die. No matter how bad things get or what people may be going through, a true and healthy relationship will never be diminished.

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The environment that children grow up in is a big part of who they become as adults, and it shapes their thoughts and beliefs. According to studies, "raising a child to the age of 18 costs an average of $250,000, excluding college tuition and other fees," (McCarthy). Growing up in a less fortunate home could take away from a child's happiness, because they may not be able to afford everything they need. Youth that grow up in a lower class family tend to be more self-conscious and unhappy than children that grow up in a more fortunate family. Another factor that affects raising children is family structure. Research shows that children with continuously married mothers are as much as 39% successful at each life stage than children with single mothers or mothers that are discontinuously married (Howard, Kimberly, and Reeves). Children that live in an abusive or violent environment also tend to suffer from the same issues as children that live with permissive or uninvolved parents. Abuse causes children to have antisocial or destructive behaviors. "Parents who abuse their children may cause their children to be aggressive and violent, experience learning problems and even become involved in drugs or alcohol," (Erickson). Destructive decisions are a learned behavior, therefore caused by the way parents raise their children and the environment they are in. In the book The Power of Positive Parenting, the author writes, "The primary cause of all these behaviors is negative attitudes and low self-esteem. Drug use, alcoholism, irresponsible sexual behavior, illiteracy, and the high dropout rate from school and society are unmistakable signs of deep dissatisfaction," (Mitchell and Conn 10). Negative behaviors among youth is an issue in today's world, and will become an even bigger issue if the children carry out these behaviors as an adult.

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There are many different styles or methods to raising a child, and each one affects how the child grows up and their relationships with their parents. Lisa Milbrand says, "It's important to ensure your parenting style is supporting healthy growth and development because the way you interact with your child and how you discipline her will influence her for the rest of her life." The four main types are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved (Milbrand). Authoritarian parents believe their children should follow the rules without negotiation. They use punishments instead of discipline to change a child's behavior, and don't take their opinions into consideration very often. Children of authoritarian parents tend to always follow rules, but they are at a higher risk for self-esteem issues since the children believe their opinions do not matter. Authoritative parents are very similar to authoritarian parents, but they take their children's opinions into account. Authoritative parents work hard to limit behavior problems, and use positive reinforcement such as reward systems. Children are typically successful and responsible, and tend to be good decision makers. Permissive parents are very lenient, and only take charge when there is a serious problem. Children of permissive parents often struggle in school and tend to have more behavioral problems. The final parenting style covered in the article was uninvolved, or neglectful, parenting. Uninvolved parents do not give children much guidance, and have the expectation that children should raise themselves. These children typically do not perform well in school, and struggle with good behavior. "They tend to perform poorly in school. They also exhibit frequent behavior problems and rank low in happiness," (Morin and Gans). Helicopter parenting may seem to be helpful at first, but it could be ruining a generation. Julie Lythcott-Haims says, "Helicopter parenting strips children of agency and the ability to cultivate their own tools to navigate the world," (Are Helicopter). In conclusion, the way a child is raised could drastically change their life as an adult, whether they know it or not.

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The way that parents act around children will shape the way their child acts for the rest of their life. Children are constantly soaking up information and learning all the same behaviors as their parents, which is called influence of parent socialization. This is proven in the Bobo Doll Experiment, performed by Albert Bandura. "Children that saw adults beating up a Bobo Doll did the same things to the doll," (How Do). Parents must know that they need to act how they want their kids to act. For example, Dr. Dan Siegel says, "A parent's resilience serves as a template for a child to see how to deal with challenges, how to understand their own emotions," (Popek). The actions and mentality of parents is a big part of child development, and will affect children directly and indirectly. Contradicting what many researchers say, some people argue that parenting doesn't affect a child as long as the parents aren't doing anything extremely out of the ordinary. A lot of research and experiments relating to the topic of child development has been performed on twins. "Twin studies say a large proportion of the differences between children’s cognitive abilities, personalities, and chances of ending up with mental illness can be explained solely by their DNA. And most of the rest appears to come from random chance, quirks in their biology, and specific non-parent-related life experiences: the teachers they had, or the friends they made along the way," (Engber). In conclusion, children are bound to act very similarly to their parents and the people they surround themselves with, whether they know it or not.

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In this video, Tom Weisner explains the most important factor that affects children while they grow up. He goes in depth with what a parent needs to do to help and what influences a child's life the most. He describes how to improve the well-being and overall happiness of a child.

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What is the most important influence on child development | Tom Weisner | TEDxUCLA

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This TED Talk by Julie Lythcott-Haims discusses what it takes to raise your kid to be successful. Parents must give their children positive influence and encouragement. Without it, they may not be able to reach their full potential and succeed.

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How to Raise Successful Kids -- Without Over-Parenting | Julie Lythcott-Haims | TED

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In this chart, statistics show the success of children at different life stages depending on their family structure. According to the research, children raised by continuously married mothers are found to be most successful.

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In this famous quote, W.E.B. Dubois says that the way a parent acts is more important than what they teach their child.

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Displayed in this chart is each cost that goes into raising a child. If a child is raised in a more unfortunate environment, they may not be as happy as a child that is raised in a more wealthy environment.

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In this infographic, nine different parenting methods are briefly explained. Each different method varies on the way a child acts and their relationship with their parents.

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This quote by Leo Babauta displays the importance of setting a good example for your children, especially in rough times.

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