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a common problem in lenses which occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted (bent) by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should

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entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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occurs when two elements of the signal being processed to form a digital image become indistinguishable from one another

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A compression artifact is a noticeable distortion of media caused by the application of lossy compression

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When straight lines are curved inwards in a shape of a barrel, happens because the field of view of the lens is much wider than the size of the image sensor and hence it needs to be “squeezed” to fit

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image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image

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format factor or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference forma

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image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm

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a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

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a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

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a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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using a minimum amount of components such as colour, shape, line and texture. Within the art world it is considered an extremely subjective concept, leaving interpretation and meaning up to the viewers perception of the work.

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imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.

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“vanguard” or the “advance guard” — basically the people and ideas that are ahead of their time. Usually it refers to a movement in the arts, like Dadaism, or in politics, like anarchism

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a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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occurs when a scene or an object that is being photographed contains repetitive details (such as lines, dots, etc) that exceed the sensor resolution.

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the action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission.

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the repeated exposure of a photographic plate or film to light, often producing ghost images.

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genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects

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taking photos that people pay you to take

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a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

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a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general

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an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium.

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a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.

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the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film.

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has a honeycomb structure, which aims to cut off the light and make the lighting spot narrower. It is used with reflectors, beauty dishes, soft boxes, snoots and other lighting modifiers

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a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam

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diffuses the light into a pleasing soft, even light. When used properly, it reduces harsh shadows

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a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point

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turns the harsh light of your bare electronic flash into something that approximates beautiful window light.

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a self-contained studio flash, typically but not always powered by an AC power source, which allows the fitting of light modification attachments such as umbrellas

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a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image

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a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture

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a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram

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a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography

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the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras

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SOOC means “straight-out-of-camera” and denotes *ZERO* computer photoshop

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a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light

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a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. This way an image can be put on textiles, cups, glass and many other surfaces

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an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate that can reproduce detailed

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a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints

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an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive

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a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark

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a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek

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a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment

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a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly

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a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly

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refers to when the main lightilluminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera