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The Kimberly Mine (also known as "The Big Hole") is the largest open-pit diamond mine. It was hand-dug in the late 1800's and is found in Kimberly, South Africa.

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This method usually involves digging deep holes, removing the right type of soil, washing the soil in a series of screens and patiently hand sorting the diamonds from the screens.

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Here is a picture of a rough diamond. This is a diamond that has not been polished into a gemstone.

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Here is a picture of a rough diamond. This is a diamond that has not been polished into a gemstone.

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The 9 diamond gemstones made from the Cullinan Diamond were gifted to Queen Mary of England in 1910. The gemstones now belong to Queen Elizabeth.

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The rough diamond was later cut into 9 smaller pieces, polished, and turned into brilliant gemstones

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The largest diamond ever found, called the Cullinan Diamond, was found in South Africa in 1905.

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Most diamonds are mined in open-pit mines, where miners access "pipes" from nonactive volcanoes that push the minerals closer to the earths surface. Some diamonds are found

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Diamond is the hardest mineral and is often used in construction. For example, some drill bits used to cut concrete have diamond tips.

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http://www.minerals.net/mineral/diamond.aspx
https://geology.com/minerals/diamond.shtml
http://webmineral.com/data/Diamond.shtml#.WpaN8RPwZsM

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Diamonds are used in jewelry. Many engagement rings and wedding rings feature a diamond.

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Diamonds are formed deep in the earth's crust where there is very high temperature and pressure.

Diamonds are formed from carbon and require an immense amount of pressure for the carbon to be transformed into a diamond.

Diamonds are most often found in igneous rock, deep in the earth's crust. Diamonds can also be found in sedimentary rock, when the igneous rock is worn away and washed down streams.

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South Africa was once the largest producer of diamonds, however there are now many more lucrative mines all around the world. In Africa,  Namibia, Sierra Leone, and the Congo are important producers of diamond. Other countries include Russia, China, Western Australia, and Brazil.

New diamond fields have been found in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Canada is a new and important diamond producer.

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Colour: Most of the diamonds we see in jewelry are colourless, but many diamonds are yellow, brown, or gray. Diamonds can even be blue, green, black, translucent white, pink, violet, orange, purple, and red but these are colours are considered to be rare.

Texture: The texture of a diamond depends on whether the mineral is polished or not. Rough, unpolished diamonds have a greasy texture but polished diamonds have a glassy texture.

Lustre: Diamonds have a very high lustre, which is described as an adamantine luster. This means that diamonds have a bright, brilliant shine.

Streak: Diamonds have a white streak when rubbed across a streak plate.

Moh’s Scale of Hardness: Diamonds are a level 10 on the Moh’s scale of hardness. They are the hardest mineral on the scale, and can only be scratched by other diamonds!