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Plant Propagation SD1 Learner Instructions

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Maintenance of potted cuttings (Escallonia 'apple blossom')

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Maintenance of potted cuttings (Escallonia 'apple blossom')

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Cuttings potted a month ago. Kept in heated propagator. Maintenance involved removing leaf litter and unsuccessful cuttings. They were returned to the heat bench after maintenance.

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Maintenance of potted cuttings of Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel)

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Maintenance of potted cuttings of Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel)

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Cuttings potted a month ago and kept in heated propagator. Maintenance involved removing leaf litter and unsuccessful cuttings.
They were returned to a heat bench after maintenance.

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Semi-ripe plant cuttings

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Cut into roughly 5 inch semi-ripe cuttings, leaves removed, growing tip removed. Top two leaf nodes & leaves left on cutting, surface area of remaining leaves cut. Diagonal cuts on bottom and top of cutting.

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Semi-ripe cuttings potted in wetted 50/50 perlite compost in 9cm pots. Bottom of cuttings dipped in rooting hormone powder before potting. Placed on heat bench.

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Cut into roughly 5 inch semi-ripe cuttings, leaves removed, growing tip removed. Top two leaf nodes & leaves left on cutting, surface area of remaining leaves cut. Diagonal cuts on bottom and top of cutting.

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Cuttings potted in wetted 50/50 perlite compost in 9cm pots. Bottom of cuttings dipped in rooting hormone powder before potting. Placed on heat bench.

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Rhubarb roots had been dug out of previous site before propagation.
Visible weeds were removed, and larger roots were trimmed with secateurs. Root was divided in two with a spade. It was made sure that each divided root had part of the plant crown on it.

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Divided rhubarb roots were placed in a square hole in the new site (outdoor beds). Depth of the hole was dependent on the root site; it was ensured that when placed in the hole that the root crown was level with the bed. Before placing the root it was innoculated with mycorrhizal innoculant. Soil from the hole was mixed with fresh compost, as well as a couple of handfuls of nitrogen rich fertiliser, and this soil was used to fill the remainder of the hole. Cardboard and wood mulch was placed as a weed control on the beds, taking care not to cover the crowns. The plants were left to be watered by the forecast rain.
Some of these were potted up into large pots containing 70/30 compost perlite mix with osmocote fertiliser added.

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Examples of mutant plant varieties which have been created through induced mutation by exposure to radiation. These mutations can result in the exhibition of desired plant traits.

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Plants dug up, and roots cut into approx. 3 inch pieces. Root pieces potted horizontally in a shallow 1 inch tray in 80/20 compost perlite mix and well watered. It was ensured that the root pieces were completely covered by the compost.
Tray was also labelled and dated to indicate contents.

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Cuttings that had both root and crown were taken and potted in individual pots with 80/20 compost perlite mix.

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Potted root and crown cuttings,

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Propagation by seed. Seeds were collected from seed head when it had turned brown and the capsules were starting to burst. They were sown in compost, and watered with concentrated seaweed extract which had been diluted into a 1:100 solution. This is used to relax the plant. A course grit was layered over the compost, and the seedlings placed in a heated propagator.

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Before being sown for microgreen production, these seeds were soaked in water with a small amount (1 capful) hydrogen peroxide added, and left for a few hours. This is done in order to control fungal growth on the seed casings. Seeds were then rinsed before being sown.

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Hard wood cuttings taken and placed in 50/50 perlite compost mix.

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Propagation by seed. Collect seeds by squeezing seed capsule. If it splits to reveal dark seeds, they are ready to be collected. Sow at once in trays or a seedbed. Seeds germinate best if they are exposed to winter cold to break dormancy.

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Used to sow Romaine Lettuce. Klassman blocking compost used with 1/2" blocker. Blocking compost was well soaked prior to making blocks with it, and compost was well-firmed down into blocker by pressing it down into work surface, so ensure solid & dense blocks.
Seeds covered with vermiculite when sowed. Plastic free alternative.

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Prunus persica var. nucipersica hand pollination

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Prunus persica var. nucipersica hand pollination

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Hand polination of nectarine tree. Flowers hand pollinated with a soft brush daily to encourage sexual reproduction. Tree is kept in a polytunnel with no visible insect pollinatotlr activity.

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Agapanthus after germination, about four months after initial sowing and being kept in a heated propagator. Seedlings were pricked out and potted into 9cm pots with compost, and watered. These pots were placed on heated bench and labelled and dated.

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Propagated by stem cuttings. Stem cutting was taken with two leaf nodes and aerial roots, and placed in a container with water until roots developed further.

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Propagated by stem cuttings. Stem cuttings taken with a clean sharp knife, cuttings have at least two nodes. Lower leaves were removed, and cuttings were potted into 50/50 compost grit mix.

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Seeds sown into 2" soil blocks, made with a soil blocker and Klassman blocking compost, and covered with vermiculite after sowing.

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Propagated by dividing tubers. Tubers were dug out, excess soil removed, and portions of the tuber root cut off with a clean, sharp knife. Each portion cut had a new shoot on it. These were then potted into compost topped with vermiculite, and a clear plastic bag tied up over the pot, with a small stick to keep the plastic clear of the plant. This was then kept in the polytunnel.

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Shoot is cut from the plant below the lowest leaves, just where the shoot emerges from the tuber. Lover leaves are removed from the shoot, the growing tip pinched out, and base of the cutting dipped into rooting powder. Each cutting was inserted into a pot with compost, watered, and covered with vermiculite. A clear plastic bag was placed over the pot, secured with an elastic bag, and the pot kept in the polytunnel.
Pots were labelled to indicated contents.

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Dahlia basal cuttings after potting up. Layer of vermiculite placed at top of compost, and pots well watered before placing clear plastic bag over them.

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Green seeds collected from Primula vulgaris when it goes to seed. Seed heads picked off plant.
Whole primula plants were also dug up and propagated by division. Plants were lifted with a fork, taking care to avoid root damage. Individual plants were then teased out, and the roots and larger leaves on these pruned. They were then replanted into pots with compost perlite mix and topped with course grit.

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Seed heads taken off Primula vulgaris plant for seed collection, to be sown in the green. Seed heads opened up and seeds carefully removed and collected in a plastic box for subsequent sowing.

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Seeds collected from Primula vulgaris. Seeds sown in the green, on trays of compost mix topped with layer of coarse gravel and well watered. Seed trays misted after sowing seeds, labelled, and then kept in polytunnel.

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Soaking pea seeds prior to sowing as a microgreen. Seeds soaked for 6-8 hours to break seed dormancy, and break down seed wall. Seeds then drained and rinsed prior to sowing.

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Seeds collected from Echinops ritro in autumn when flower heads turn to seed. Seeds collected carefully, and stored in a cool dry place until sowing.

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Sweetcorn seeds soaked prior to sowing into 2" soil blocks. These seeds were soaked to break the seed dormancy and hydrate the seed casing so that it will sprout more successfully. They were soaked for 6-8 hours.

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Agapanthus seeds placed in a propagator at 25 degrees C to scarify seeds and allow them to germinate.

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Primed and pelleted parsnip seeds direct sown into outdoor beds on 12/5/21. Three rows sown into bed with Jang seeder, LJ12 seed plate.

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Compost perlite mix into seed trays for sowing

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Compost perlite mix into seed trays for sowing

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50/50 compost perlite mix made up, and clean seed trays filled with this sowing mix, no fertiliser added. Soil was firmed down after filling tray, and seeds sown. Tray pictured was used to sow Asian inspired salad leaf mix, with 2-3 seeds sown per tray.
Trays were cleaned of any previous compost or plant debris before use.

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Sown 4/11. Four trays of Red Rambo radish. Trays sprayed with sanitiser before adding 50/50 perlite compost, no fertiliser. Soil firmed down, about 30g seed hand sown and pressed down (exact weight recorded), soil compacted again then tray watered. Trays stacked then left indoors in classroom.
Trays were cleaned of any residual compost or plant debris before use.

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Stock Virginian annual flowers pricked out into trays

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Stock Virginian annual flowers pricked out into trays

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Seedlings pricked out of seed trays then transplanted into six-celled trayed filled with 80/20 compost perlite mix and well watered, and trays were labelled and placed in polytunnel.

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Four trays each hand sown red rambo radish, daikon radish, sunflower, and pea shoots to be used as microgreens. Shallow trays cleaned and sprayed with sanatiser before sowing. Peas and sunflowers soaked before sowing. Seeds sown on surface of compost, and pressed down into soil, stacked for 1 week or until seeds germinate.
When unstacking, they are sprayed with diluted H2O2 as a method of control for mold.

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Brassica oleracea 'Cavolo Broccolo Spigarello'

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Brassica oleracea 'Cavolo Broccolo Spigarello'

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Italian heirloom variety. Prolific sweet variety. Sown into seed tray with 80/20 compost perlite mix.

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Sown into individua cells trays and left to germinate on heat bench.

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Sown in rows in outdoor bed as a green manure. Five rows direct sown using Jang seeder, A6 seed plate. Fast-growing short term green manure, outcompetes weeds and decomposed quickly when chopped and dropped into soil. When left to flower, attracts bees and other beneficial insects.

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Brassica oleracea var. italica 'F1 Santee'

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Brassica oleracea var. italica 'F1 Santee'

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Sown 20/4/21. Planted out into outdoor raised beds, at 12" spacing between and within rows.

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Seedlings thinned to one per cell.

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Lettuce trays were left outside to allow the seeds to germinate at outdoor temperatures.

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Capillary matting used for watering trays of microgreens. Four trays were placed into one larger tray lined with capillary matting, and watering was done from one side of the larger tray.

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Raised bed of dill watered using a hose with a lance. Dill had been direct sown into raised bed using a four-way seeder, and the second smallest plate on that seeder.

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3/4" soil blocks sown with Romaine lettuce placed into larger 2" soil blocks after lettuce seeds have germinated.

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Seed trays prepped for annual flower sowing

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Seed trays prepped for annual flower sowing

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Annual flowers stock virginian broadcast sown on seed trays filled with compost perlite mix, and topped with vermiculite after sowing.

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Tomato seedlings pricked out and potted up into 9cm pots, where they are placed in 25 degrees C propagator with lights, until ready to be planted out into polytunnel.

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Coriander splits sown in 5 rows using Earthway seeder, beet plate. Flame weeded and fresh compost added prior to sowing. Beds watered well after sowing. Sown 18/11/20

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Five rows pelleted seed direct sown into two outdoor bed using Jang seeder J24 plate. Prior to planting these, the ground was prepped. The plastic sheeting that had previously covered the bed was removed, any surface debris lifted, and large weeds were pulled by hand. The ground was broken up with a broadfork, 100L fresh compost was added, and topmix fertiliser added @ 50g/m2, and bed flame weeded and power harrowed prior to sowing. Both beds covered with climate netting after sowing to minimise pest damage. Radish seeds placed at ends of beds to help with weed control. Radish has a faster germination time than carrot, so beds can be flame weeded after radish seeds germinate as further weed control.
When placed, plants were watered well with a hose. Beds were then covered with protective netting to prevent damage from pests.
Safety precautions and correct manual handling techniques were practiced when using tools and lifting.

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Direct sown by hand, 8 rows into raised bed.
Prior to sowing with this crop, bed was flame weeded after removal of previous crop and fresh compost added. Large stones and debris were removed by hand before sowing.

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Sowing, cropping, and maintenance record sheet

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Sowing, cropping, and maintenance record sheet

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Excel spreadsheet to maintain records on sowing, cropping, and maintenance performed on outdoor and polytunnel beds.

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Damping off/mold in sunflower microgreens

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Damping off/mold in sunflower microgreens

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When mold appears on microgreens, the affected seeds and shoots are removed and disposed of.

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Brassicas planted out into raised beds, with 12" spacing between and within rows. Fresh compost and dried seaweed fertiliser added to bed before planting, and raked even.
Safety precautions and correct manual handling techniques were practiced when using tools and lifting.

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Fan place in polytunnel to improve air circulation, as a method of control for plant diseases such as powdery mildew.

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Cuttings taken from the softer, pliable new growth on plant. Up to 10cm cutting is taken, cutting just below a leaf node on the parent plant. Lower leaves are removed, and growing tip pinched off. Base of cutting dipped in rooting powder, and cutting placed deep into a pot with compost and well watered. Clear plastic bag was placed around each pot and secured with an elastic band, and pots left below work bench in polytunnel.

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Plant suitable for internodal cutting, due to the longer than average internodal space on this plant. Cut is made roughly halfway between the two nodes.

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Plant suitable for propagation by heel cuttings. Side shoot growing from main stem is chosen, roughly 10-15cm long. Rather than cutting off, it is tore off to retain some of the bark from the man stem. The base of the cutting is then dipped into rooting powder before being potted.

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Hardwood cuttings taken of hydrangea in dormant season. Soft growth tip removed, and cuttings about 15-30cm are taken, with a sloping cut at top of cutting just above a node. Bottom of cutting is dipped in rooting hormone powder, and put into a pot with compost and perlite mix and well watered.

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Semi-ripe cuttings taken from this year's growth. The base of the cutting is hard, while the top is soft. Cuttings 10-15cm in length were taken, cut just below a leaf node. Lowest leaf and soft growing tips were removed, and upper leaves were cut in half to reduce water loss. Bottom of the cuttings were dipped in hormone rooting powder and then placed deep into a pot of 50/50 compost perlite mix and pots placed outside polytunnel.

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Hormone rooting powder for use with softwood cuttings. Contains 0,1% indolylbutyric acid, a plant auxin.

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Hormone rooting powder, for use with semi-hardwood cuttings.  Contains 0,25% indolylbutyric acid.

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Hormone rooting powder. For use with hardwood cuttings. Contains 0.8% plant auxin  indolylbutyric acid.

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Suitable for propagation by clump division.
Irises lifted every 3-5 years, ideally about 6 weeks after flowering. Leaves are cut away from the clump with a sharp knife, with each fan retaining a part of the rhizome. The leaves are shortened to about 15cm, and roots trimmed, before replanting.

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Suitable for propagation by division.
Corms are carefully dug up in spring, and excess soil shaken off. Chains of corms can then be individually separated and planted up, removing dead or damaged leaves or corms. This variety may also have stolon roots which can also be separated out and replanted. Division of this plant can take place every 2-3 years.

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Thornless blackberry variety, used for apical tip layering propagation. A pliable stem was selected from the plant, long enough that it could reach the compost-filled pot on the ground. The tip of the stem is placed into the compost in the pot, and firmed down. A clip is used to hold the stem tip into the pot, and it is well watered. Stem may also be weighed down with a large stone.

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Strawberry runners potted into small pots while still attached to parent plant. This can be done when plant has finished flowering and fruiting. Pots are well-watered after placing stolon root. When new plants from runners, or stolon roots, have rooted and are established, they can be cut from the parent plant.