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Through Nomadic Eyes: Stations of the Cross in Lodwar Cathederal, Kenya

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Through Nomadic Eyes: Stations of the Cross in Lodwar Cathederal, Kenya

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Stations of the Cross in Lodwar Cathederal, Kenya

15 The resurrection of Jesus.

[Pictures by artists from Turkana, Kenya. Photos by G. Howley. Text by Fr. Seamus O'Neill. This article appeared in the April 2000 issue of Africa: St Patrick's Missions magazine. I have reproduced it on this web page because the pictures look nice.]

The church here in Lodwar was getting too small for our growing congregation so, having extended and improved the design, we began to think about new church furnishings and stations of the cross. This was in 1995 when The Church in Africa from the African Synod of Bishops had just been issued. In the chapter dealing with Evangelization and Inculturation it said, "The Synod considers inculturation an urgent priority in the life of the particular Churches, for the firm rooting of the Gospel in Africa".

We decided to take this proposition seriously and set about trying to have some authentic African art in our new church. We contacted an American Sister of Notre Dame, Sister Janet Mullin, who had trained a team of young Kenyan artists and they agreed to help us and we gave them some ideas.

We asked them to paint a set of stations that would reflect the life and environment of the Turkana people. Faces, dress and places would be authentically Turkana. Soldiers would be Kenyan, not Roman. Pilate would wear the traditional dress of a Turkana chief and the cross would be a rough piece of a local tree. Lodwar's shops and houses would be the background in many of the stations.

The reaction of our Christians was excellent when we unveiled the stations. The suffering Christ is central to their sprituality and prayer. The Turkana are a people who suffer a lot, from diseases, sickness, insecurity and hunger and have been left behind in Kenya's struggle for development. So, when they saw a Jesus who looks like them suffering and being crucified in their own locality they were able to identify very closely with him. "Look at Veronica wearing Turkana beads!" or "That's our shop on the corner!" were comments by children and adults as they stared at the stations or discussed them excitedly.

Our new stations help us remember that Jesus is still present among us and so the roots of the Gospel sink a little deeper here in Turkana.

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Through Nomadic Eyes - Stations of the Cross in Lodwar Cathederal, Kenya

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15 The resurrection of Jesus. [Pictures by artists from Turkana, Kenya. Photos by G. Howley. Text by Fr. Seamus O'Neill. This article appeared in the April 2000 issue of Africa: St Patrick's Missions magazine. I have reproduced it on this web page because the pictures look nice.]

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Explore A map of women's resistance in the UK

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Explore A map of women's resistance in the UK

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Explore A map of women's resistance in the UK

The fight for women's rights has demanded courage, creativity and a conception of a better world.

Learn more about the lives, activism and achievements of the women involved with our map of women's resistance across the UK. Browse by themed categories and click on the images to see original sources, from photographs to oral histories.

We hope these histories will inspire you to keep learning. There are many more stories to be unearthed and told, and new stories will evolve. The fight for women's rights remains unfinished business.

[Please note that the map contains discussion of sexual and domestic violence, abortion, sex work and enslavement. Some locations are approximate, because the places are historical and details are not available.]

About the map

A map of women's resistance in the UK has grown out of The Business of Women's Words: Purpose and Profit in Feminist Publishing (BOWW), a partnership project between the University of Sussex, the British Library and the University of Cambridge, generously funded by The Leverhulme Trust.

We have created our map primarily for young people, secondary students and teachers, but we hope everyone can enjoy it.

All content was created in 2019-20. © British Library. Available under the Creative Commons License.

With thanks to Alice O'Driscoll and Charlotte James for contributing ideas and content.

Click on each map entry to see a short label text, images from original sources or multimedia from the British Library and other collections, plus links to further reading. The map is best viewed in full-screen.

Download a plain-text version of the map.

Our map focusses on events, organisations and people from the 18th century onwards. It offers a selection of entries that spatially visualise examples of women's lives, campaigns or activities that have promoted social, cultural or political change, championed equality and representation, and challenged oppression.

It cannot cover all of this rich and detailed history, and it is important to highlight that many of the women and groups featured have connections to other locations in the UK and around the world, and equally have been influenced or part of international networks.

Many examples of women's resistance have gone unseen, both in the past and today, and there continue to be gaps in our collective knowledge of women's history because of systemic oppression and discrimination.

We hope our map provides an opportunity for young people and teachers to engage with women's rights and history through the lens of location and primary sources. Equally, we hope that the map encourages critical thinking about activism and specifically how resistance can play out in different forms and at local, national and international levels.

Follow the links below for creative activities and teaching resources to accompany the map.

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A map of women's resistance in the UK | The British Library

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Discover stories of women's lives, rights and feminist resistance through over 60 locations around the UK. Browse by themed categories and access original sources, from photographs to oral histories.

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Understanding the Black Experience in White Majority Churches

A clear and compelling discussion of how the church can better reach, support and champion black congregation members

Ben Lindsay's book is a must-read for the UK church. He is lucid, punchy and deeply honest about the issue of racism in the UK today, and in the UK church. It is my prayer that we heed this call and respond together to the mandate to challenge discrimination in all its forms.

- Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury

This is one of the most important books to be written in recent years and is essential reading for every Christian and especially every church leader in the UK. Ben puts on speakerphone the voices of people of colour which are often whispered or silent and invites us to listen.

- Selina Stone, Lecturer in Political Theology, St Mellitus College

Thoughtful and well considered, Ben Lindsay tackles the space where race, religion, and culture intersect, in a book that is both insightful and relatable at once.

- Chimene Suleyman, The Good Immigrant USA co-editor, The Good Immigrant contributor

Too often Christians have assumed that being colour blind is the best way to approach race and ethnicity in the church. Ben Lindsay's compelling book opens our eyes to this naivety and challenges us to be willing to have a more serious conversation. At this critical moment in our national life where race, immigration and the UK's relationship with the world is being negotiated, this important and timely book needs to be read, discussed and acted upon.

- Dr Krish Kandiah: Founding Director: Home for Good, author of God is Stranger

Ben Lindsay's book is a fascinating eye-opener around history and representation in the church. Ben shines a light on the struggle with being a black Christian and being black in a majority white church with sensitivity, fact and practical strategies to bring churches into the modern day conversation. A must read.

- Jasmine Dotiwala, Head of Youth Engagement, Media Trust

Ben Lindsay challenges Christians racialised as white to consider the legacies of white privilege in the contemporary church. Serious engagement with the contents of the book demand radical action in the composition of leadership, persistent Christian anti-racist practice, and exorcism from the demon of 'colour blindness.'

- Robert Beckford, Professor of Theology, Canterbury Christ Church University.

I am a black British born man and not only does Ben articulate the subject which is so personal to me, he is also fearless and faces it head on in this book by stating the obvious issues around race, colour and matters that are big in the wider church.

- Noel Robinson, Musician and Worship Leader

This book should be read by all in senior leadership and those involved in theological education. Until this issue is addressed head on in the church and young black people are able to see visible images of themselves in senior leadership within the church, then the church's mission will be seriously damaged and impeded. I will be telling lots of people about this book as it is more than an excellent read - it is geared for action.

- The Revd Prebendary Rose Hudson-Wilkin, Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons

Delivered with a perfect balance of truth and grace, this book will open the eyes of many. As a young black man navigating in a predominantly white world, this book is a timely weapon of wisdom and a game-changer.

- Guvna B, rap artist and author of Unpopular Culture

Ben Lindsay says we need to talk about race, and he's right. Through an impressive synthesis of Scripture, history, literature, pop culture, sociology and personal narrative, Ben invites us to have a much-needed conversation, and gives us a host of resources to help us. Provocative, frank and often challenging, this is also a pastoral and very human book, with insights to consider on virtually every page.

- Andrew Wilson, Teaching Pastor, King's Church London

Ben is a rarity. In his book he tackles some of the difficult issues that relate to race, such as white privilege and colour blindness. Through the careful use of life stories Ben highlights the perennial challenges faced by people of colour in predominately white churches and suggests possible ways in which such ongoing negative experiences can be addressed by the church.

This is an excellent book. If churches can read this book with the openness it calls for, it can, over time, become a game changer for so many churches engaged in the complex world of building a 'church for all nations.'

- Wale Hudson Roberts, Baptist Union of Great Britain's first Racial Justice Co-ordinator

This book reminds us and also challenges us to keep the conversation open about individual experiences, fears and deep concerns regarding race. I believe the church has come a long way but it has much further to go. This book will help in that process.

- Les Isaac, Co-founder of Street Pastors

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From the UK Church's complicity in the transatlantic slave trade to the whitewashing of Christianity throughout history, the Church has a lot to answer for when it comes to race relations. Christianity has been dubbed the white man's religion, yet the Bib

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The A-Z list of Black inventors (article)

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The A-Z list of Black inventors (article)

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By Christopher McFadden, Interesting Engineering

July 13, 2018

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Many Black inventors struggled through hardship, poverty, and, in some circumstances, slavery. Still, they prevailed and proved their genius to the world. The following are but a few of the many inventive and talented members of the Black community who have greatly contributed to progress in the United States.

Many of the entries on this list are derived from the work of Henry Baker, who worked for the U.S. Patent Office between the late 1800s and early 1900s. At this time, African-Americans had few rights, so Henry wanted to make sure that a few, at least, received some form of unofficial recognition for their contributions to society.

This list is long and rather comprehensive. But of course, it's far from exhaustive.

1. Abrams, W. B.
Selected Invention(s):
- Hame Attachment (Date: April 14, 1891, Patent No: 450550)

2. Alcorn, George Edward Jr.
Selected Invention(s):
What their invention or inventions was/were: X-ray spectrometer for distant galaxies and 19 others.

Additional information: Alcorn is best known as the inventor of the Imagining X-Ray Spectrometer. This would ultimately earn him the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Inventor of the Year in 1984.

Alcorn was born in March of 1940 and would later earn his B.A. in Physics in 1962, a Masters in 1963, and Ph.D. in 1967. He would spend a large portion of his career at NASA. Alcorn has around 20 other inventions to his name too.

3. Allen, C. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Self-Leveling Table (Date: November 1, 1898, Patent No: 613436)

4. Allen, J. B.
Selected Invention(s):
- Clothes Line Support (Date: December 12, 1895, Patent No: 551105)

5. Ashbourne, A. P.
Selected Invention(s):
- Process for Preparing Coconut for Domestic Use (Date: June 1, 1875, Patent No: 163962)

- Biscuit Cutter (Date: November 30, 1875, Patent No: 170460)

- Refining Coconut Oil (Date: July 27, 1880, Patent No: 230518)

- Process of Treating Coconut (Date: August 21, 1877, Patent No: 194287)

6. Bailes, Wm.
Selected Invention(s):
- Ladder Scaffold-Support (Date: August 5, 1879, Patent No: 218154)

7. Bailey, L. C.
Selected Invention(s):
- Combined Truss and Bandage (Date: September 25, 1883, Patent No: 285545)

- Folding Bed (Date: July 18, 1899, Patent No: 629286)

Additional information: Bailey was born in 1825 into poverty and was physically disabled. He would go on to receive various patents for his inventions.

Bailey also invented the rapid mail-stamping machine, a device to shunt trains to different tracks, and a hernia truss that was adopted by the United States Military. He died in 1905.

8. Bailiff, C. O.
Selected Invention(s):
- Shampoo Headrest (Date: October 11, 1898, Patent No: 612008)

9. Ballow, W. J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Combined Hat rack and Table (Date: March 29, 1898, Patent No: 601422)

10. Banneker, Benjamin
Selected Invention(s): Astronomical Almanac Selected Invention(s):
11. Barnes, G. A. E.

- Design for Sign (Date: August 19, 1898, Patent No: 29193)
Selected Invention(s):
12. Bashen, Janet

- Case management and tracking software (Date: January 10, 2006, Patent No: 6,985,922)
Selected Invention(s):
13. Bath, Patricia

- The Cataract Laserphaco Probe (Date: 17th December 1986, Patent No: 4744360)

Additional information: Bath was born in Harlem and would go on to become a pioneering ophthalmologist, inventor, and academic who is known for inventing a tool and procedure for the removal of cataracts using a laser beam, called the Laserphaco Probe.

Bath was born in 1942 in New York and was the daughter of the first African-American motorman to work in the NYC subway. She would show an early interest and ability in science at a young age. This passion would drive her onwards and upwards.

In 1973, Bath became the first African-American to complete a residency in ophthalmology. She was the first woman ophthalmologist to be appointed to the faculty of the University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine Jules Stein Eye Institute and the first woman to chair an ophthalmology residency program in the United States.
Selected Invention(s):
14. Beard, A. J.

- Car Coupler (Date: November 23, 1897, Patent No: 594059)

- Rotary Engine (Date: July 5, 1892, Patent No: 478271)
Selected Invention(s):
15. Becket, G. E

- Letter Box (Date: October 4, 1892, Patent No: 483525)
Selected Invention(s):
16. Bell, L.

- Locomotive Smoke Stack (Date: May 23, 1871, Patent No: 115153)

- Dough Kneader (Date: Dec. 10, 1872, Patent No: 133823)
Selected Invention(s):
17. Benjamin, L. W.

- Broom Moisteners and Bridles (Date: May 16, 1893, Patent No: 497747)
Selected Invention(s):
18. Benjamin, M. E.

- Gong and Signal Chairs for Hotels (Date: July 17, 1888, Patent No: 386289)
Selected Invention(s):
19. Binga, M. W.

- Street Sprinkling Apparatus (Date: July 22, 1879, Patent No: 217843)
Selected Invention(s):
20. Blackburn, A. B.

- Railway Signal (Date: January 10, 1888, Patent No: 376362)

- Spring Seat for Chairs (Date: April 3, 1888, Patent No: 380420)

- Cash Carrier (Date: October 23, 1888, Patent No: 391577)
Selected Invention(s):
21. Blair, Henry

- Seed Planter (Date: October 14, 1834, Patent No: X8447)

- Cotton Planter (Date: August 31, 1836, Patent No: 15)
Selected Invention(s):
22. Blue, L.

- Hand Corn Shelling Device (Date: May 20, 1884, Patent No: 298937)
Selected Invention(s):
23. Booker, L. F.

- Design Rubber Scraping Knife (Date: March 28, 1899, Patent No: 30404)
Selected Invention(s):
24. Boone, Sarah

- Ironing Board (Date: April 26, 1892, Patent No: 473653)

Additional information: Sarah Boone was born a slave in 1832 in North Carolina and would go on to develop a special type of ironing board. Her invention was made from a narrow wooden board that had collapsible legs, with the entire device having a padded cover.

Prior to this invention, the most common solution was a simple plank of wood placed across a pair of chairs.
Selected Invention(s):
25. Bowman, H. A.

- Making Flags (Date: February 23, 1892, Patent No: 469395)
Selected Invention(s):
26. Boykin, Otis

- Electrical resistor (Date: 21st February 1961, Patent No: 2972726)

Additional information: Otis Boykin was born in Dallas, Texas on August 29, 1920. After his invention of the control unit for pacemakers, he would ironically die from a heart attack in 1982.

Boykin would graduate from Fisk College, Tennessee in 1941 and later took up work at in 1945 P.J. Nilsen Research Laboratories to fund further studies at Illinois Institute of Technology. He dropped out two years later and started his own business in 1947.
Selected Invention(s):
27. Bradberry, Henrietta

- The Bed Rack (Date: 25th May 1943, Patent No: 2320027)
Selected Invention(s):First Steam Engine For A Ship
28. Bradley, Benjamin

Additional information: Benjamin was born a slave, probably in 1830, and was taught to read and write by his master's children. He would show a talent for invention and later devised the first steam engine for a ship.

Showing a great natural talent for invention, his master referred him to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland to take up a position as an assistant in their Department of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. He was the first African American to hold any non-menial post at the Naval Academy. It was here that he developed his own design for a steam engine.
Selected Invention(s):
Being a slave, he was not able to patent his invention - he did sell the rights to it, however, and used the money to buy his own freedom.

29. Brooks, O. B.

- Punch (Date: October 31, 1893, Patent No: 507672)

- Street Sweeper (Date: March 17, 1896, Patent No: 556711)
Selected Invention(s):
- Street Sweepers (Date: May 12, 1896, Patent No: 560154)

30. Brooks, O.B., Hallstead, G. M., and Page, S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Street Sweepers (Date: April 21, 1896, Patent No: 558719)

31. Brown, Henry

- Receptacle for Storing and Preserving Papers (Date: November 2, 1886, Patent No: 352036)
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: The box designed by Brown used a series of hinged trays to separate papers and store them securely. It was especially useful for storing carbon papers, which could be damaged by scraping against the lid or other documents. The invention was a precursor to the personal safe. Although it was not the first patent for a strongbox, it was an improvement.

32. Brown, L. F.
Selected Invention(s):
- Bridle Bit (Date: October 25, 1892, Patent No: 484994)

33. Brown, Marie Van Brittan, and Brown, Albert

- Home security system utilizing television surveillance (Date: December 2, 1969, Patent No: 3482037)

Additional information: Marie V. B. Brown was born in 1922 and as an adult, she lived in a crime-ridden neighborhood of Queens, NYC. Brown worked as a nurse, and her husband, Albert Brown, was an electronics technician. Their work hours meant that Brown was often home by herself. Concerned about the slow police response times to their neighborhood, Brown created a system that would allow her to know who was at her home and contact authorities quickly in the event of a break-in.
Selected Invention(s):
Her original invention was included peepholes, a camera, monitors, a two-way microphone, and an alarm button to contact the police. Brown's security system was the foundation for modern, two-way communication and surveillance systems. Brown's invention gained her an award from the National Scientists Committee.

34. Burr, J. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Lawn Mower (Date: May 9, 1889, Patent No: 624749)

35. Burridge, L. S. & Marshman, N. R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Substitute for Inking Ribbons on Typewriters (Date: January 12, 1897, Patent No: 575145)

36. Burwell, W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Boot or Shoe (Date: November 28, 1899, Patent No: 638043)

37. Butler, R. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Train Alarm (Date: June 15, 1897, Patent No: 584540)

38. Butts, J. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Luggage Carrier (Date: October 10, 1899, Patent No: 634611)

39. Byrd, T. J.

- Improvement in Holders for Reins for Horses (Date: February 6, 1872, Patent No: 123328)

- Apparatus for Detaching Horses From Carriages (Date: March 19, 1872, Patent No: 124790)

- Improvement in Neck Yokes For Wagons (Date: April 30, 1872, Patent No: 126181)
Selected Invention(s):
- Improvement in Car Couplings (Date: December 1, 1874, Patent No: 157370)

40. Campbell, W. S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Self-Setting Animal Trap (Date: August 30, 1881, Patent No: 246369)

41. Cargill, B. F.
Selected Invention(s):
- Invalid Cot (Date: July 25, 1899, Patent No: 629658)

42. Carrington, T. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Cooking Range (Date: July 25, 1876, Patent No: 180323)

43. Carruthers, George R.
Selected Invention(s):
-Image converter for detecting electromagnetic radiation, especially in short wavelengths (Date: November 11, 1966, Patent No: 3478216)

44. Carter, W. G.
Selected Invention(s):
- Umbrella Stand (Date: August 4, 1885, Patent No: 323397)

45. Carver, George Washington

-Cosmetics And Producing The Same (Date: 6th January 1925, Patent No: 1522176)

-Paint And Stain And Producing The Same, Producing Paint And Stains Cosmetics And Producing The Same (Date: June 9, 1925, Patent No: 1541478)

- Process of Producing Paint And Stains (Date: June 14, 1927, Patent No: 1632365)

Additional information: Carver was born a slave in Missouri sometime between 1860 and 1865 (no exact records exist). After the Civil War, Carver's mother taught him to read and write. Later, he traveled to a school for Black children 10 miles away. He then homesteaded a claim, where he conducted biological experiments and compiled a geological collection. He would later devise over 300 different uses for peanuts, including cooking oil, printer's ink, and axle grease.
Selected Invention(s):
George earned his Bachelor's degree in Agricultural Science from Iowa State in 1894 - the first Black student at the college - and he followed this up with a master's in 1896. He later taught at the Tuskegee Institute, becoming a prominent scientific expert. In 1916, he was made a member of the British Royal Society of Arts and later advised Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi on matters of agriculture and nutrition. He received the 1923 Spingarn Medal and was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

46. Certain, J. M.
Selected Invention(s):
- Parcel Carrier for Bicycles (Date: December 26, 1899, Patent No: 639708)

47. Cherry, M. A.

- Velocipede (Date: May 8, 1888, Patent No: 382351)
Selected Invention(s):
- Street Car Finder (Date: January 1, 1895, Patent No: 531908)

48. Church, T. S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Carpet Beating Machine (Date: July 22, 1884, Patent No: 302237)

49. Clare, O. B.
Selected Invention(s):
- Trestle (Date: October 9, 1888, Patent No: 390753)

50. Coates, R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Overboot for Horses (Date: April 19, 1892, Patent No: 473295)

51. Cook, G.
Selected Invention(s):
- Automatic Fishing Device (Date: May 30, 1899, Patent No: 625829)

52. Coolidge, J. S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Harness Attachment (Date: November 13, 1888, Patent No: 392908)

53. Cooper, A. R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Shoemakers Jack (Date: August 22, 1899, Patent No: 631519)

54. Cooper, J.

- Shutter and Fastening (Date: May 1, 1883, Patent No: 276563)

- Elevator Safety Device (Date: April 2, 1895, Patent No: 536605)
Selected Invention(s):
- Elevator Safety Device (Date: September 21, 1897, Patent No: 590257)

55. Cornwell, P. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Draft Regulator (Date: October 2, 1888, Patent No: 390284)

56. Cosgrove, W. F.
Selected Invention(s):
- Automatic Stop Plug for Gas Oil Pipes (Date: March 17, 1885, Patent No: 313993)

57. Cotton, Donald J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Capillary Liquid Fuel Nuclear Reactor (Date: April 27, 1982, Patent No: 4327443)

58. Cralle, A. L.

- Ice-Cream Mold (Date: February 2, 1897, Patent No: 576395)

Additional information: Alfred L. Cralle was a Black American inventor and businessman. He is best known for his invention of the ice cream scoop. Cralle was born on the 4th of September 1866 in Virginia.
Selected Invention(s):
He never acquired a formal education beyond basic schooling as a child. He worked various odd jobs and devised the idea for his scoop whilst working at a hotel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he noticed how much difficulty people were having serving ice cream with spoons and ladles alone. However, he did not become famous or profit from his ice cream scoop. It spread so quickly that people never knew Cralle was the inventor. He was tragically killed during a car accident in 1920.

59. Creamer, H.

- Steam Feed Water Trap (Date: March 17, 1895, Patent No: 313854)
Selected Invention(s):
- Steam Trap Feeder (Date: December 11, 1888, Patent No: 394463)

60. Crosthwait, David
Selected Invention(s):
- Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating for steam heating systems (Date: September 10, 1929, Patent No: 1727965)

61. Darkins, J. T.
Selected Invention(s):
- Ventilation Aid (Date: February 19, 1895, Patent No: 534322)

62. Davis, I. D.
Selected Invention(s):
- Tonic (Date: November 2, 1886, Patent No: 351829)

63. Davis, W. D.
Selected Invention(s):
- Riding Saddles (Date: October 6, 1896, Patent No: 568939)

64. Davis, W. R., Jr.
Selected Invention(s):
- Library Table (Date: September 24, 1878, Patent No: 208378)

65. De Leon, Martha (Mary) Jones

- Cooking apparatus (Date: June 24, 1873, Patent No: 140253)
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: Martha DeLeon was only the second African-American woman to receive a patent for her invention. Her invention was an early precursor of the steam tables that we see at food buffets worldwide today.

66. Deitz, W. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Improvement in Shoes (Date: April 30, 1867, Patent No: 64205)

67. Dickinson, J. H.

- Player piano (Date: June 11, 1912, Patent No: 1028996)
Selected Invention(s):
- Arm for Recording Machine (Date: January 8, 1918, Patent No: 1252411)

68. Dorsey, O.
Selected Invention(s):
- Door-holding Device (Date: December 10, 1878, Patent No: 210764)

69. Dorticus, C. J.

- Device for Applying Coloring Liquid to Sides of Soles Or Heels of Shoes (Date: March 19, 1895, Patent No: 535820)

- Machine for Embossing Photographs (Date: April 16, 1895, Patent No: 537442)

- Photographic Print Wash (Date: April 23, 1895, Patent No: 537968)
Selected Invention(s):
- Hose Leak Stop (Date: July 18, 1899, Patent No: 629315)

70. Downing, Gertrude E.
Selected Invention(s):
- Corner and Baseboard Cleaner Attachment for Rotary Floor Treatment Machines (Date: February 13, 1973, Patent No: 3715772)

71. Downing, P. B.

- Electric Switch for Railroad (Date: June 17, 1890, Patent No: 430118)
Selected Invention(s):
- Street Letter Box (Date: October 27, 1891, Patent No: 462093)

72. Drew, Charles R. Md
Selected Invention(s):
- Apparatus For Preserving Blood/Blood Plasma Bag (Date: November 10, 1942, Patent No: 2301710)

73. Dunnington, J. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Horse Detachers (Date: March 16, 1897, Patent No: 578979)

74. Edmonds, T. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Separating Screens (Date: July 20, 1897, Patent No: 586724)

75. Eglin, Ellen

- Improved Clothes Ringer (Date: September 8, 1891, Patent No: 459343) - sold to the registered patent holder O. Wheeler.

Additional information: Little is known about Ellen Eglin except she was born in 1849 and worked as a housekeeper and is the inventor of a mechanical clothes wringer.
Selected Invention(s):
Afraid that no one would buy the invention because of her race, she sold her invention to an agent for a pittance in 1888. She died in 1890 without having received any recognition for her device in her lifetime.

76. Elder, Clarence
Selected Invention(s):
- Bidirectional monitoring and control system (Date: December 28, 1976, Patent No: 4000400)

77. Elkins, T.

- Dining, Ironing Table, and Quilting Frame Combined (Date: February 22, 1870, Patent No: 100020)

- Chamber Commode (Date: January 9, 1872, Patent No: 122518)
Selected Invention(s):
- Refrigerating Apparatus (Date: November 4, 1879, Patent No: 221222)

78. Evans, J. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Convertible Settees (Date: October 5, 1897, Patent No: 591095)

79. Faulkner, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Ventilated Shoe (Date: April 29, 1890, Patent No: 426495)

80. Ferrell, F. J.

- Steam Trap (Date: February 11, 1890, Patent No: 420993)
Selected Invention(s):
- Apparatus for Melting Snow (Date: May 27, 1890, Patent No: 428670)

81. Fisher, D. A.

- Joiners Clamp (Date: April 20, 1875, Patent No: 162281)
Selected Invention(s):
- Furniture Castor (Date: March 14, 1876, Patent No: 174794)

82. Flemming, R. F., Jr.
Selected Invention(s):
-Euphonica (a type of Guitar) (Date: March 30, 1886, Patent No: 338727)

83. Goode, Sarah E.

- Folding Cabinet Bed (Date: July 14, 1885, Patent No: 322177)

Additional information: Born into slavery in 1850, Goode was the second of seven children. She was freed at the end of the Civil War, and went on to become one of the first African-Americans to be awarded a patent.

It was in Chicago where Sarah met her husband, Archibald Goode, a carpenter, and stair builder. Possessing an entrepreneurial spirit, Goode opened a furniture store.

Many of her customers lived in small apartments and didn't have much space for furniture.
Selected Invention(s):
As a solution, Goode invented a cabinet bed, similar to what would now be called a Murphy bed. When the bed was not being used, it could also serve as a roll-top desk. Goode died on April 8, 1905, in Chicago at the age of 50.

84. Gourdine, Meredith C.

- Method and apparatus for converting chemical and thermal energy into electricity (Date: January 30, 1996, Patent No: 5487957)
Selected Invention(s):
- Method and apparatus for producing multivortex fluid flow (Date: October 10, 1995, Patent No: 5487957)

85. Grant, G. F.

- Golf Tee (Date: December 12, 1899, Patent No: 638920)

Additional information: Grant was an African American dentist, academic, and inventor. He was born in 1846 in New York, to former slaves. When he was fifteen years old, he was hired by a local dentist, Dr. Albert Smith, as an errand boy. Dr. Smith soon promoted him to lab assistant and encouraged him to pursue a career in dentistry. In 1868, he and Robert Tanner Freeman became the first blacks to enroll in Harvard Dental School. After receiving his degree in 1870, he became the first African American faculty member at Harvard.
Selected Invention(s):
Grant was also an avid golfer and in 1899 he invented his golf tee, which was whittled from wood and capped a latex resin used for root canals. Grant died in 1910 from liver disease.

86. Grant, W. S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Curtain Rod Support (Date: August 4, 1896, Patent No: 565075)

87. Gray, R. H.

- Baling Press (Date: August 28, 1894, Patent No: 525203)
Selected Invention(s):
- Cistern Cleaner (Date: April 9, 1895, Patent No: 537151)

88. Gregory, J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Motor (Date: April 26, 1887, Patent No: 361937)

89. Grenon, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Razor Stropping Device (Date: February 18, 1896, Patent No: 554867)

90. Griffin, T. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Pool Table Attachment (Date: June 13, 1899, Patent No: 626902)

91. Gunn, S. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Adjustable Boot or Shoe (Date: January 16, 1900, Patent No: 641642)

92. Haines, J. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Portable Shampooing Basin (Date: September 28, 1897, Patent No: 590833)

93. Hall, Lloyd

- Asphalt emulsion and manufacture thereof (Date: October 18, 1932, Patent No: )

- Vitamin Concetrate (Date: November 26, 1935, Patent No: )

- Manufacture of Nitrogen-Fortified Whey Concentrate(Date: November 28, 1944, Patent No: )

Additional information: Lloyd Hall was a Black American inventor, chemist, and scientist. He is best known for his work on food preservation techniques. Hall was born in 1894 in Elgin, Illinois, and earned his degree in B.Sc. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry in 1916.
Selected Invention(s):
He would later take up employment at Griffith's Laboratories where he would devise his new techniques for food preservation. Hall died in 1971.

94. Hammonds, J. F.
Selected Invention(s):
- Apparatus for Holding Yarn Skeins (Date: December 15, 1896, Patent No: 572985)

95. Harding, F. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Extension Banquet Table (Date: November 22, 1898, Patent No: 614468)

96. Harney, M. C.
Selected Invention(s):
- Lantern Or Lamp (Date: August 19, 1884, Patent No: 303844)

97. Harper, Solomon
Selected Invention(s):
-Thermostatic controlled hair curlers, combs, and irons (Date: August 11, 1953, Patent No: 2648757)

98. Harris, Dr. Betty Wright

- ATB Spot Test for 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, TATB (Date: October 21, 1986, Patent No: 4618452)

Additional information: Dr. Betty Harris is an American organic analytical chemist, a leading expert in explosives, environmental remediation, and hazardous waste treatment. She was awarded a patent for her TATB spot test, which identifies explosives in a field environment.
Selected Invention(s):
She was born in July 1940 in rural Louisiana and was one of 12 children. Harris later earned her Bachelor's in Chemistry in 1961 and her Master's in 1963 followed by her Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1973, from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.

99. Hawkins, J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Gridiron (Date: March 26, 1845, Patent No: 3973)

100. Hawkins, Lincoln Walter

- Alpha olefin hydrocarbons stabilized with carbon black and a carbocyclic thioether (Date: January 10, 1961, Patent No: 2,967,8453973)

Additional information: Hawkins was born in 1911 in Washington, D.C., the grandson of a slave. After graduating from high school he went to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he was one of only two Black students at the school. He later earned his Doctorate from McGill University, in 1938. In 1942, Hawkins became the first Black person to join the technical staff of Bell Laboratories.

While working at Bell Labs, he devised and patented a new polymer plastic cable sheath for cables that could withstand extreme fluctuations in temperature and last up to seventy years.
Selected Invention(s):
Hawkins retired from Bell Labs in 1976 and worked as the director of research of the Plastics Institute of America until 1983. He died in 1992.

101. Hawkins, R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Harness Attachment (Date: October 4, 1887, Patent No: 370943)

102. Headen, M.
Selected Invention(s):
- Foot Power Hammer (Date: October 5, 1886, Patent No: 350363)

103. Hearns, R.

- Sealing Attachment for Bottles (Date: February 15, 1898, Patent No: 598929)
Selected Invention(s):
- Detachable Car Fender (Date: July 4, 1899, Patent No: 628003)

104. Hilyer, A. F.
Selected Invention(s):
- Water Evaporator Attachment For Hot Air Registers (Date: August 26, 1890, Patent No: 435095)

105. Hodge, John

- Multiple camera systems and methods (Date: June 3, 2008, Patent No: )

-Substituted benzodioxan sweetening compound (Date: March 27, 1979, Patent No: )
Selected Invention(s):
- Fifth-wheel braking control (Date: January 25, 1977, Patent No: )

106. Holley, Kerrie L.

- Personalized content and services based on profile information (Date: May 13, 2019, Patent No: )

- Method for capturing evolving data (Date: July 21, 2020, Patent No: )
Selected Invention(s):
- Dynamic digital shelves using big data (Date: August 27, 2019, Patent No: )

107. Holmes, Lydia M.
Selected Invention(s):
- The Knockdown Wheeled Toy (Date: November 14, 1950, Patent No: 2529692)

108. Hull, Wilson E.

- Sublimation timing switch (Date: November 15, 1966, Patent No: 3286064)
Selected Invention(s):
- Mass release mechanism for satellites (Date: January 28, 1969, Patent No: 3424403)

109. Hyde, R. N.
Selected Invention(s):
- Composition for Cleaning and Preserving Carpets (Date: November 6, 1888, Patent No: 392205)

110. Jackson, B. F.

- Heating Apparatus (Date: March 1, 1898, Patent No: 599985)

- Matrix Drying Apparatus (Date: May 10, 1898, Patent No: 603879)
Selected Invention(s):
- Gas Burner (Date: April 4, 1899, Patent No: 622482)

111. Jackson, H. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Kitchen Table (Date: October 6, 1896, Patent No: 569135)

112. Jackson, W. H.

- Railway Switch (Date: March 9, 1897, Patent No: 578641)

- Railway Switch (Date: November 16, 1897, Patent No: 593665)
Selected Invention(s):
- Automatic Locking Switch (Date: August 23, 1898, Patent No: 609436)

113. Jennings, Thomas L.

- Dry Scouring Cleaning Technique (Date: October 18, 1821/1843, Patent No: 3306x)

Additional information: Jennings was born in 1791 as a freeman who successfully developed a means of cleaning clothes with a technique called dry scouring, the forerunner of today's dry cleaning. Thomas apprenticed as a tailor in his youth with part of his services being providing dry-cleaning services to clients.
Selected Invention(s):
Later on, he created his own business as a tailor and dry cleaner and became highly respected by his local community. He used his early profits to buy his wife's and children's freedom.

114. Johnson, Anthony Dr.

- Photodetector having semi-insulating material and a contoured, substantially periodic surface (Date: November 26, 1985, Patent No: 4555622)

- Integrated optical device having integral photodetector (Date: November 3, 1987, Patent No: 4703996)
Selected Invention(s):
- High-speed circuit measurements using photoemission sampling (Date: January 26, 1988, Patent No: 4721910)

115. Johnson, D.

- Lawn Mower Attachment (Date: September 10, 1889, Patent No: 410836)
Selected Invention(s):
- Grass Receivers for Lawn Mowers (Date: June 10, 1890, Patent No: 429629)

116. Johnson, I. R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Bicycle Frame (Date: October 10, 1899, Patent No: 634823)

117. Johnson, P.

- Swinging Chairs (Date: November 15, 1881, Patent No: 249530)
Selected Invention(s):
- Eye Protector (Date: November 2, 1880, Patent No: 234039)

118. Johnson, W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Egg Beater (Date: February 5, 1884, Patent No: 292821)

119. Johnson, W. H.

- Gearing for Overcoming Dead Centers (Date: February 4, 1896, Patent No: 554223)
Selected Invention(s):
- Gearing for Overcoming Dead Centers (Date: October 11, 1898, Patent No: 612345)

120. Jones, Albert A. & Long, Amos E.
Selected Invention(s):
- Caps for Bottles (Date: September 13, 1898, Patent No: 610715)

121. Jones, F. M.

- Ticket Dispensing Machine (Date: June 27, 1939, Patent No: 2163754)

- Air conditioning Unit (Date: July 12, 1949, Patent No: 2475841)

- Method for Air Conditioning (Date: December 7, 1954, Patent No: 2696086)

- Method for Preserving Perishables (Date: February 12, 1957, Patent No: 2780923)

- Two-Cycle Gas Engine (Date: May 29, 1945, Patent No: 2376968)

- Starter Generator for Cooling Gas Engines (Date: July 12, 1949, Patent No: 2475843)

- Two-Cycle Gas Engine (Date: March 11, 1947, Patent No: 2417253)

- Means for Thermostatically Operating Gas Engines (Date: July 26, 1949, Patent No: 2477377)

- Rotary Compressor (Date: April 18, 1950, Patent No: 2504841)

- System for Controlling Operation of Refrigeration Units (Date: May 23, 1950, Patent No: 2509099)

- Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Atmosphere within an Enclosure (Date: October 24, 1950, Patent No: 2526874)

- Prefabricated Refrigerator Construction (Date: December 26, 1950, Patent No: 2535682)

- Refrigeration Control Device (Date: January 8, 1952, Patent No: 2581956)

- Methods and Means of Defrosting a Cold Diffuser (Date: January 19, 1954, Patent No: 2666298)

- Control Device for Internal Combustion Engine (Date: September 2, 1958, Patent No: 2850001)

- Thermostat and Temperature Control System (Date: February 23, 1960, Patent No: 2926005)

- Removable Cooling Units for Compartments (Date: December 14, 1943, Patent No: 2336735)
Selected Invention(s):
- Means for Automatically Stopping & Starting Gas Engines ("J.A. Numero et al") (Date: December 21, 1943, Patent No: 2337164)

122. Joyce, J. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Coal or Ore Bucket (Date: April 26, 1898, Patent No: 603143)

123. Kelley, George W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Steam Table (Date: October 26, 1897, Patent No: 592591)

124. Latimer, L. H. & Brown, C. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Water Closets for Railway Cars (Date: February 10, 1874, Patent No: 147363)

125. Latimer, L. H. & Nichols, J. V.
Selected Invention(s):
- Electric Lamp (Date: September 13, 1881, Patent No: 247097)

126. Latimer, L. H. & Tregoning, J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Globe Support for Electric Lamps (Date: March 21, 1882, Patent No: 255212)

127. Latimer, L. H.

- Manufacturing Carbons (Date: January 17, 1882, Patent No: 252386)

- Apparatus for Cooling and Disinfecting (Date: January 12, 1886, Patent No: 334078)
Selected Invention(s):
- Locking Racks for Coats, Hats, & Umbrellas (Date: March 24, 1896, Patent No: 557076)

128. Lavalette, W. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Printing Press (Date: September 17, 1878, Patent No: 208184)

129. Lee, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Animal Trap (Date: February 12, 1867, Patent No: 61941)

130. Lee, J.

- Kneading Machine (Date: August 7, 1894, Patent No: 524042)
Selected Invention(s):
- Bread Crumbing Machine (Date: June 4, 1895, Patent No: 540553)

131. Leslie, F. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Envelope Seal (Date: September 21, 1897, Patent No: 590325)

132. Lewis, A. L.
Selected Invention(s):
- Window Cleaner (Date: September 27, 1892, Patent No: 483359)

133. Lewis, E. R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Spring Gun (Date: May 3, 1887, Patent No: 362096)

134. Linden, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Piano Truck (Date: September 8, 1891, Patent No: 459365)

135. Little, E.
Selected Invention(s):
- Bridle-Bit (Date: March 7, 1882, Patent No: 254666)

136. Long, A. E. And Jones, A. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Caps For Bottles (Date: September 13, 1898, Patent No: 610715)

137. Loudin, F. J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Sash-Fastener (Date: December 12, 1892, Patent No: 510432)

138. Love, J. L.

- Plasterers' Hawk (Date: July 9, 1895, Patent No: 542419)
Selected Invention(s):
- Pencil Sharpener (Date: November 23, 1897, Patent No: 594114)

139. Maceo West, James Edward

- Electroacoustic transducer (Date: January 14, 1964, Patent No: 3118022)
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: James Edward Maceo West is a prolific American inventor and professor best-known for the invention of an early microphone called the electroacoustic transducer electret microphone (ETEM). He holds over 250 other patents as well. He was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia in 1931. James would later graduate from Temple University in 1957 with a degree in Physics. He then began a lifetime career at Bell Labs as a full-time acoustical scientist.

140. Marshman, Newman R. & Burridge, L. S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Adding Machine (Date: January 23, 1894, Patent No: )

141. Martin, Thomas J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Fire Extinguisher (Date: March 26, 1872, Patent No: 125063)

142. Martin, W. A.

- Lock (Date: July 23, 1889, Patent No: 407738)
Selected Invention(s):
- Lock (Date: December 30, 1890, Patent No: 443945)

143. Matzeliger, J. E.

- Mechanism for Distributing Tacks (Date: November 26, 1896, Patent No: 415726)

- Nailing Machine (Date: February 25, 1896, Patent No: 421954)

- Tack Separating Mechanism (Date: March 25, 1890, Patent No: 423937)

- Lasting Machine (Date: September 22, 1891, Patent No: 459899)

Additional information: Matzliger was born in 1852 in Paramaribo in Dutch Guiana. After experimenting with different designs, Jan Matzeliger invented the shoe-lasting machine that adjusted the shoe leather upper to fit snugly over the mold.
Selected Invention(s):
Jan was born in 1852, thea son of Surinamese and Dutch parents in Paramaribo in Dutch Guiana (now called Suriname). He showed interest in mechanics from a young age and began working in machine shops at the age of 10. At 19, he left Suriname as a sailor on an East Indian merchant ship, settling in Philadelphia in 1873. He started work at a shoe factory in 1877 and it was here that he conceived of his invention.

144. McCoy, E. J.

- Lubricator (Date: May 27, 1873, Patent No: 139407)

- Lubricator (Date: March 28, 1882, Patent No: 255443)

- Lubricator (Date: July 18, 1882, Patent No: 261166)

- Lubricator (Date: June 16, 1885, Patent No: 320379)

- Lubricator (Date: February 8, 1887, Patent No: 357491)

- Lubricator (Date: May 29, 1888, Patent No: 383745)

- Lubricator (Date: May 29, 1888, Patent No: 383746)

- Lubricator (Date: December 24, 1889, Patent No: 418139)

- Lubricator (Date: December 29, 1891, Patent No: 465875)

- Lubricator (Date: April 5, 1892, Patent No: 472066)

- Lubricator (Date: September 13, 1898, Patent No: 610634)

- Lubricator (Date: October 4, 1898, Patent No: 611759)

- Oil Cup (Date: November 15, 1898, Patent No: 614307)

- Lubricator (Date: June 27, 1899, Patent No: 627623)

- Lubricator for Steam Engines (Date: July 23, 1872, Patent No: 129843)

- Lubricator for Steam Engines (Date: August 6, 1872, Patent No: 130305)

- Steam Lubricator (Date: January 20, 1874, Patent No: 146697)

- Ironing Table (Date: May 12, 1874, Patent No: 150876)

- Steam Cylinder Lubricator (Date: February 1, 1876, Patent No: 173032)

- Steam Cylinder Lubricator (Date: July 4, 1876, Patent No: 179585)

- Steam Dome for Locomtivies (Date: June 16, 1885, Patent No: 320354)

- Lubricator Attachment (Date: April 19, 1887, Patent No: 361435)

- Lubricator for Safety Valves (Date: May 24, 1887, Patent No: 363529)

- Drip Cup (Date: September 29, 1891, Patent No: 460215)

Additional information: Elijah McCoy was born in 1844 in Ontario, Canada. His parents had been runaway slaves who were successfully relocated to Canada by the Underground Railroad. Although his parents were very poor, they managed to save enough money to send McCoy to a boarding school in Edinburgh, Scotland to study mechanical engineering when he was 15.
Selected Invention(s):
On his return to the United States, McCoy had a hard time finding a job because of his race. He eventually took a menial job as a railroad fireman, oiling the working parts of the trains. He found the work slow and boring and so developed a number of devices to allow automatic lubrication. His success may have been the origin of the phrase "the real McCoy" to describe an instrument that is flawless in quality and performance.

145. McCree, D.
Selected Invention(s):
- Portable Fire Escape (Date: November 11, 1899, Patent No: 440322)

146. McLurkin, James

- Systems and methods for dispersing and clustering a plurality of robotic devices (Date: October 16, 2012, Patent No: )

- Systems and methods for dispersing and clustering a plurality of robotic devices (Date: November 30, 2010, Patent No: )
Selected Invention(s):
- System and methods for adaptive control of robotic devices (Date: August 7, 2007, Patent No: )

147. Mendenhall, A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Holder for Driving Reins (Date: November 28, 1899, Patent No: 637811)

148. Miles, A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Elevator (Date: October 11, 1887, Patent No: 371207)

149. Mitchell, C. L.
Selected Invention(s):
- Device for Aid in Vocal Culture (Date: January 1, 1884, Patent No: 291071)

150. Mitchell, J. M.

- Cheek Row Corn Planter (Date: January 16, 1900, Patent No: 641462)

151. Montgomery, Benjamin

Selected Invention(s): Shallow Water Steam Propeller

Additional information: Montgomery was born into slavery in 1819. He was taught to read and write by his owners' children and ran the plantation store. Impressed with his abilities, Montgomery's owner placed him in charge of overseeing the purchasing and shipping operations on the plantation. He also learned land surveying and drafting.

Montgomery later created a propellor that could cut into the water at different angles, allowing boats to navigate more easily in shallow water. He was not able to patent the device because he was a slave. His owner, Joseph Davis, also attempted to patent the device but was denied because he was not the true inventor.
Selected Invention(s):
After the Civil War, Montgomery bought his former owner's plantation.

152. Moody, W. U.
Selected Invention(s):
- Game Board Design (Date: May 11, 1897, Patent No: 27046S)

153. Morehead, K.
Selected Invention(s):
- Reel Carrier (Date: October 6, 1896, Patent No: 568916)

154. Morgan, Garrett

- Breathing device (Date: October 13, 1914, Patent No: 1113675)

- Traffic signal (Date: November 20, 1923, Patent No: 1475024)

Additional information: Garrett Morgan was a Black American inventor and community leader. He famously rescued workers trapped within a water intake tunnel in 1916 and was a prolific inventor.
Selected Invention(s):
Repairing sewing machines inspired him to make his first invention, a belt fastener for sewing machines. In 1907, he opened his own sewing machine and shoe repair shop. This would grow and expand into the Morgan's Cut Rate Ladies Clothing Store in 1909 which had 32 employees.

155. Murray, G. W.

- Combined Furrow Opener and Stalk-Knocker (Date: April 10, 1894, Patent No: 517960)

- Cultivator and Marker (Date: April 10, 1894, Patent No: 517961)

- Planter (Date: June 5, 1894, Patent No: 520887)

- Fertilizer Distributor (Date: June 5, 1894, Patent No: 520889)

- Combined cotton-seed planter and fertilizer-distributer (Date: June 5, 1894, Patent No: 520891)

- Reaper (Date: June 5, 1894, Patent No: 520892)
Selected Invention(s):
- Attachment for Bicycles (Date: January 27, 1891, Patent No: 445452)

156. Nance, L.
Selected Invention(s):
- Game Apparatus (Date: December 1, 1891, Patent No: 464035)

157. Nash, H. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Life Preserving Stool (Date: October 5, 1875, Patent No: 168519)

158. Newman, L. D.

- Brush (Date: November 15, 1898, Patent No: 614335)
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: Newman is best known for her invention of an improved hairbrush design in 1898. She was born in Ohio in around 1885 and later worked in New York City as a family hairdresser. Newman's hairbrush design improved efficiency and hygiene.

159. Newson, S.
Selected Invention(s):
- Oil Heater or Cooker (Date: May 22, 1894, Patent No: 520188)

160. Nichols, J. V. & Latimer, L. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Electric Lamp (Date: September 13, 1881, Patent No: 247097)

161. Nickerson, W. J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Piano Attachment (Date: June 27, 1899, Patent No: 627739)

162. O'Conner, J. & Turner, A.

- Alarm for Boiler (Date: August 25, 1896, Patent No: 566612)

- Steam Gage (Date: August 25, 1896, Patent No: 566613)
Selected Invention(s):
- Alarm For Water Containing Vessels (Date: February 8, 1898, Patent No: 598572)

163. Outlaw, J. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Horseshoes (Date: November 15, 1898, Patent No: 614273)

164. Parker, Alice H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Improvement On The Heating Furnace (Date: December 23, 1919, Patent No: 1325905)

165. Perryman, F. R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Caterers' Tray Table (Date: February 2, 1892, Patent No: 468038)

166. Peterson, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Attachment for Lawn Mowers (Date: April 30, 1889, Patent No: 402189)

167. Phelps, W. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Apparatus for Washing Vehicles (Date: March 23, 1897, Patent No: 579242)

168. Pickering, J. F.
Selected Invention(s):
- Air Ship (Date: February 20, 1900, Patent No: 643975)

169. Pickett, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Scaffold (Date: June 30, 1874, Patent No: 152511)

170. Pinn, T. B.
Selected Invention(s):
- File Holder (Date: August 17, 1880, Patent No: 231355)

171. Polk, A. J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Bicycle Support (Date: April 14, 1896, Patent No: 558103)

172. Pugsley, A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Blind Stop (Date: July 29, 1890, Patent No: 433306)

173. Purdy, W. H. & Peters, L. C.
Invention(s):
- Design for Spoons (Date: April 23, 1895, Patent No: 24228)

174. John E. Purdy and Daniel R. Sadgwar
Selected Invention(s):
- Foldable Chair (Date: June 11, 1889, Patent No: 405117)

175. Purdy, W.

- Device For Sharpening Edged Tools (Date: October 27, 1896, Patent No: 570337)

- Device For Sharpening Edged Tools (Date: August 16, 1898, Patent No: 609367)
Selected Invention(s):
- Device for Sharpening Edged tools (Date: August 1, 1899, Patent No: 630106)

176. Purvis, W. B.

- Bag Fastener (Date: April 25, 1882, Patent No: 256856)

- Hand Stamp (Date: February 27, 1883, Patent No: 273149)

- Fountain Pen (Date: January 7, 1890, Patent No: 419065)

- Electric Railway (Date: May 1, 1894, Patent No: 519291)

- Magnetic Car Balancing Device (Date: May 21, 1895, Patent No: 539542)
Selected Invention(s):
- Electric Railway Switch (Date: August 17, 1897, Patent No: 588176)

177. Queen, W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Guard for Companion Ways and Hatches (Date: August 18, 1891, Patent No: 458131)

178. Ray, E. P.
Selected Invention(s):
- Chair Supporting Device (Date: February 21, 1899, Patent No: 620078)

179. Reed, Judy

- Dough Kneader and Roller (Date: September 23, 1884, Patent No: 305474)
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: Reed is considered to be the first African-American woman to ever receive a patent. Little else is known about her life.

180. Reynolds, H. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Window Ventilator for Railroad Cars (Date: April 3, 1883, Patent No: 275271)

181. Reynolds, R. R.
Selected Invention(s):
- Non-Refillable Bottle (Date: May 2, 1899, Patent No: 624092)

182. Rhodes, J. B.
Selected Invention(s):
- Water Closet (Date: December 19, 1899, Patent No: 639290)

183. Richardson, A. C.

- Hame Fastener (Date: March 14, 1882, Patent No: 255022)

- Churn (Date: February 17, 1891, Patent No: 446470)

- Casket Lowering Device (Date: November 13, 1894, Patent No: 529311)

- Insect Destroyer (Date: February 28, 1899, Patent No: 620362)
Selected Invention(s):
- Bottle (Date: December 12, 1899, Patent No: 638811)

184. Richardson, W. H.

- Cotton Chopper (Date: June 1, 1886, Patent No: 343140)

- Child's Carriage (Date: June 18, 1889, Patent No: 405599)
Selected Invention(s):
- Child's Carriage (Date: June 18, 1889, Patent No: 405600)

185. Richey, C. V.

- Car Coupling (Date: June 15, 1897, Patent No: 584650)

- Railroad Switch (Date: August 3, 1897, Patent No: 587657)

- Railroad Switch (Date: October 26, 1897, Patent No: 592448)

- Fire Escape Bracket (Date: December 28, 1897, Patent No: 596427)
Selected Invention(s):
- Combined Hammock and Stretcher (Date: December 13, 1898, Patent No: 615907)

186. Rickman, A. L.
Selected Invention(s):
- Overshoe (Date: February 8, 1898, Patent No: 598816)

187. Ricks, J.

- Horseshoe (Date: March 30, 1886, Patent No: 338781)
Selected Invention(s):
- Overshoes for Horses (Date: June 6, 1899, Patent No: 626245)

188. Rillieux, N.
Selected Invention(s):
- Sugar Refiner (Evaporating Pan) (Date: December 10, 1846, Patent No: 4879)

189. Robinson, E. R.

- Casting Composite (Date: November 23, 1897, Patent No: 594286)
Selected Invention(s):
- Electric Railway Trolley (Date: September 19, 1893, Patent No: 505370)

190. Robinson, J. H.

- Life-Saving Guards for Locomotives (Date: March 14, 1899, Patent No: 621143)

- Life-Saving Guards for Street Cars (Date: April 25, 1899, Patent No: 623929)
Selected Invention(s):
- Dinner Pail (Date: February 1, 1887, Patent No: 356852)

191. Romain, A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Passenger Register (Date: April 23, 1889, Patent No: 402035)

192. Ross, A. L.

- Runner for Stoops (Date: August 4, 1896, Patent No: 565301)

- Bag Closure (Date: June 7, 1898, Patent No: 605343)
Selected Invention(s):
- Trousers Support or Stretcher (Date: November 28, 1899, Patent No: 638068)

193. Ross, J.
Selected Invention(s):
- Bailing Press (Date: September 5, 1899, Patent No: 632539)

194. Roston, D. N.
Selected Invention(s):
- Feather Curler (Date: March 10, 1896, Patent No: 556166)

195. Russell, L. A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Guard Attachment for Beds (Date: August 13, 1895, Patent No: 544381)

196. Sammons, W. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- The Comb (Date: December 21, 1920, Patent No: 1362823)

197. Sampson, G. T.

- Sled Propeller (Date: February 17, 1885, Patent No: 312388)
Selected Invention(s):
- Clothes Drier (Date: June 7, 1892, Patent No: 476416)

198. Scott, R. P.
Selected Invention(s):
- Corn Silker (Date: 7th August, 1894, Patent No: 524223)

199. Scottron, S. R.

- Adjustable Window Cornice (Date: February 17, 1880, Patent No: 224732)

- Cornice (Date: January 16, 1883, Patent No: 270851)

- Pole Tip (Date: September 21, 1886, Patent No: 349525)

- Curtain Rod (Date: August 30, 1892, Patent No: 481720)

- Supporting Bracket (Date: September 12, 1893, Patent No: 505008)

Additional information: Samuel R. Scottron was a Black American inventor and entrepreneur. He was born sometime between 1841 and 1843 and moved to Florida in 1864, starting a grocery store chain. Later, he soon sold his store and relocated to Springfield, Massachusetts, and worked as a barber. After finding that his customers had difficulty in seeing the back of their heads, Scottron invented dual adjustable mirrors on a standing pole. He obtained a patent for his first invention, the Scottron Mirror, in March 1868.
Selected Invention(s):
Scottron graduated from Cooper Union with a degree in Algebra and Engineering in 1875 and obtained a number of patents for various devices. He was an avid abolitionist and wrote on race-related matters for various newspapers and magazines. Scottron died of natural causes on October 14, 1908.

200. Skanks, S. C.
Selected Invention(s):
- Sleeping Car Berth Register (Date: July 27, 1897, Patent No: 587165)

201. Shorter, D. W.
Selected Invention(s):
- Feed Rack (Date: May 17, 1887, Patent No: 363089)

202. Smith, J. H.

- Game (Date: April 17, 1900, Patent No: 647887)

- Lawn Sprinkler (Date: May 4, 1897, Patent No: 581785)
Selected Invention(s):
- Lawn Sprinkler (Date: March 22, 1898, Patent No: 601065)

203. Smith, Mildred E.
Selected Invention(s):
- Family Relationships Card Game (Date: October 28, 1980, Patent No: 4230321)

204. Smith, P. D.

- Potato Digger (Date: January 27, 1891, Patent No: 445206)
Selected Invention(s):
- Grain Binder (Date: February 23, 1892, Patent No: 469279)

205. Snow, William & Johns, James A.
Selected Invention(s):
- Liniment (Date: October 7, 1890, Patent No: 437728)

206. Spears, H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Portable Shield for Infantry and Artillary (Date: December 27, 1870, Patent No: 110599)

207. Spikes, R. B.

- Combination Milk Bottle Opener And Bottle Cover (Date: June 29, 1926, Patent No: 1590557)

- Method and Apparatus for Obtaining Average Samples and Temperature Of Tank Liquids (Date: October 27, 1931, Patent No: 1828753)

- Automatic Gear Shift (Date: December 6, 1932, Patent No: 1889814)
Selected Invention(s):
- Transmission and Shifting Thereof (Date: November 28, 1933, Patent No: 1936996)

208. Standard, J.

- Oil Stove (Date: October 29, 1889, Patent No: 413689)
Selected Invention(s):
- Refrigerator (Date: July 14, 1891, Patent No: 455891)

209. Stewart, E. W.

- Machine For Forming Vehicle Sear Bars (Date: November 11, 1887, Patent No: 373698)
Selected Invention(s):
- Punching Machine (Date: May 3, 1887, Patent No: 362190)

210. Stewart, T. W.

- Metal Bending Machine (Date: December 27, 1887, Patent No: 375512)

- Mop (Date: June 13, 1893, Patent No: 499402)
Selected Invention(s):
- Station Indicator (Date: June 20, 1893, Patent No: 499895)

211. Stokes, Rufus
Selected Invention(s):
- Exhaust Purifier (Date: April 16, 1968, Patent No: 3378241)

212. Sutton, E. H.
Selected Invention(s):
- Cotton Cultivator (Date: April 7, 1874, Patent No: 149543)

213. Sweeting, J. A.

- Device for Rolling Cigarettes (Date: November 30, 1897, Patent No: 594501)
Selected Invention(s):
- Combined Knife and Scoop (Date: June 7, 1898, Patent No: 605209)

214. Taylor, B. H.

- Rotary Engine (Date: April 23, 1878, Patent No: 202888)
Selected Invention(s): Temple's Toggle/Blood Harpoon
- Slide Valve (Date: July 6, 1897, Patent No: 585798)

215. Temple, L.
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: Temple was born as a slave in 1800. In 1829, he obtained his freedom and moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he worked as a blacksmith and opened a whalecraft store.

In 1848, Temple invented an improved harpoon with a pivoting head that was very similar to those used by First Peoples. His harpoon was a great success, but he never patented it. He died in 1854 from injuries sustained after falling into a hole near his shop.

216. Thomas, S. E.

- Waste Trap (Date: October 16, 1883, Patent No: 286746)
Selected Invention(s):
- Waste Trap for Basins, Closets, etc. (Date: October 4, 1887, Patent No: 371107)

- Pipe Connection (Date: October 9, 1888, Patent No: 390821)

217. Thomas, Valerie

- Illusion Transmitter (Date: October 21, 1980, Patent No: 4229761)

Additional information: Valerie Thomas is an accomplished African-American scientist and inventor who patented the illusion transmitter and contributed greatly to NASA research.
Selected Invention(s):
She was born in May 1943 in Maryland and quickly showed an aptitude and fascination for technology at a young age. She later graduated from Morgan State University and became one of only two women to major in Physics there.

She began her lifelong career at NASA in 1964. In the 1970s, she managed the development of the image-processing systems for Landsat, the first satellite to send images to the Earth from space. During her career at NASA, she worked Project Manager of the Space Physics Analysis Network and Associate Chief of the Space Science Data Operations Office. She retired from NASA in 1995.
Selected Invention(s):
218. Toliver, G.

- Propeller for Vessels (Date: April 28, 1891, Patent No: 451086)
Selected Invention(s):
219. Tregoning, J. & Latimer, L. H.

- Globe Supporter for Electric Lamps (Date: March 21, 1882, Patent No: 255212)
Selected Invention(s):
220. Turner, M.

- The Fruit Press (Date: April 25, 1916, Patent No: 1180959)

221. Walker, P.
Selected Invention(s):
- Machine for Cleaning Seed Cotton (Date: February 16, 1897, Patent No: 577153)

- Bait Holder (Date: March 8, 1898, Patent No: 600241)
Selected Invention(s):
222. Waller, J. W.

- Shoemaker's Cabinet or Bench (Date: February 3, 1880, Patent No: 224253)
Selected Invention(s):
223. Washington, W.

- Corn Husking Machine (Date: August 14, 1883, Patent No: 283173)
Selected Invention(s):
224. Watkins, Isaac

- Scrubbing Frame (Date: October 7, 1890, Patent No: 437849)
Selected Invention(s):
225. Watts, J. R.

- Bracket for Miners' Lamp (Date: March 7, 1893, Patent No: 493137)
Selected Invention(s):
226. West, E. H.

- Weather Shield (Date: September 5, 1899, Patent No: 632385)
Selected Invention(s):
227. West, J. W.

- Wagon (Date: October 18, 1870, Patent No: 108419)
Selected Invention(s):
228. White, D. L.

- Extension Steps for Cars (Date: January 12, 1897, Patent No: 574969)
Selected Invention(s):
229. White, J. T.

- Lemon Squeezer (Date: December 8, 1896, Patent No: 572849)
Selected Invention(s):
230. Williams, C.

- Canopy Frame (Date: February 2, 1892, Patent No: 468280)
Selected Invention(s):
231. Williams, J. P.

- Pillow Sham Holder (Date: October 10, 1899, Patent No: 634784)
Selected Invention(s):
232. Winn, F.

- Direct Acting Steam Engine (Date: December 4, 1888, Patent No: 394047)

233. Winters, J. R.

- Fire Escape Ladder (Date: May 7, 1878, Patent No: 203517)

- Fire Escape Ladder (Date: April 8, 1879, Patent No: 214224)
Selected Invention(s):
Additional information: Joseph Winters was a Black American abolitionist and inventor. He is best known for his patent for a wagon-mounted fire escape ladder.

He was also an active member of the Underground Railroad Movement in the United States. Joseph developed his ladders whilst noting the trouble fireman had unloaded and raised their ladders from wagons. Joseph died in 1916 at the age of 100.
Selected Invention(s):
234. Wood, F. J.

- Potato Digger (Date: April 23, 1895, Patent No: 537953)

235. Woods, G. T.

- Steam Boiler Furnace (Date: June 3, 1884, Patent No: 299894)

- Apparatus for Transmission of Messages by Electricity (Date: April 7, 1885, Patent No: 315368)

- Relay Instrument (Date: June 7, 1887, Patent No: 364619)

- Polarized Relay (Date: July 5, 1887, Patent No: 366192)

- Electro-Mechanical Brake (Date: August 16, 1887, Patent No: 368265)

- Telephone System and Apparatus (Date: October 11, 1887, Patent No: 371241)

- Electro-Magnetic Brake Apparatus (Date: October 18, 1887, Patent No: 371655)

- Railway Telegraphy (Date: November 15, 1887, Patent No: 373383)

- Induction Telegraph System (Date: November 29, 1887, Patent No: 373915)

- Overhead Conducting System for Electric Railway (Date: May 29, 1888, Patent No: 383844)

- Electro-Motive Railway System (Date: June 26, 1888, Patent No: 385034)

- Tunnel Construction for Electric Railway (Date: July 17, 1888, Patent No: 386282)

- Galvanic Battery (Date: August 14, 1888, Patent No: 387839)

- Railway Telegraphy (Date: August 28, 1888, Patent No: 388803)

- Automatic Safety Cut-Out for Electric Circuits (Date: January 1, 1889, Patent No: 395533)

- Electric Railway System (Date: November 10, 1891, Patent No: 463020)

- Electric Railway Conduit (Date: November 21, 1893, Patent No: 509065)

- System of Electrical Distribution (Date: October 13, 1896, Patent No: 569443)

- Amusement Apparatus (Date: December 19, 1899, Patent No: 639692)

- Electric Railway (Date: January 29, 1901, Patent No: 667110)

- Electric Railway System (Date: July 9, 1901, Patent No: 678086)

- Regulating and Controlling Electrical Translating Devices (Date: September 3, 1901, Patent No: 681768)

- Electric Railway (Date: November 19, 1901, Patent No: 687098)

- Automatic Air Brake (Date: June 10, 1902, Patent No: 701981)

- Electric Railway System (Date: January 13, 1903, Patent No: 718183)

- Electric Railway (Date: May 26, 1903, Patent No: 729481)

Additional information: Granville Woods was a very prolific inventor who came to be known as the "Black Edison". He made key contributions to the development of the telephone, streetcar, and more.
Selected Invention(s):
Woods received little schooling as a young man but later spent some time working on railways and took courses in engineering and electricity. He eventually set up his own company to develop and manufacture electrical apparatus. The patent for his improved telephone transmitter was bought by Alexander Gra ham Bell. One of his most important inventions was a grooved metal wheel that allowed streetcars to collect electric power from overhead wires.

However, his most important invention was the induction telegraph, which allowed communication by voice over telegraph wires. In 1901, Woods invented the power pick-up, which is the basis of the "third rail" used by electric-powered transit systems.

236. Wormley, J.

- Life-Saving Apparatus (Date: May 24, 1881, Patent No: 242091)

Alphabetically order list of Black Inventors

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A-Z List of Black and African-American inventors and inventions

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Many Black inventors struggled through hardship, poverty, and, in some circumstances, slavery. Still, they prevailed and proved their genius to the world. The following are but a few of the many inventive and talented members of the Black community who have greatly contributed to progress in the United States.

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I'm not a racist...Really? A poem (video)

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I'm not a racist...Really? A poem (video)

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by Original Jedi Media (1min 49s)

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Look, I'm really not a racist .. THE POEM.. 2020

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1 hour 20 mins

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Dr. Robin DiAngelo discusses 'White Fragility'

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AFTER THE FLOOD: THE CHURCH, SLAVERY AND RECONCILIATION

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AFTER THE FLOOD: THE CHURCH, SLAVERY AND RECONCILIATION

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Previous Screenings:

April 14: Spring Harvest, Skegness - preview screening

April 20: Spring Harvest, Minehead - preview screening

May 25: London - Premiere screening and Q&A​

July 11: Church of England General Synod, York​

​​July 12: Manchester - the 'Northern Premiere'. Read a report here.

​July 15: Birmingham - read and watch a review here.

July 22: Bristol - read a review here.

August 5: Lambeth conference, Canterbury. Read a report here.​

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Previous Screenings: April 14: Spring Harvest, Skegness - preview screening April 20: Spring Harvest, Minehead - preview screening May 25: London - Premiere screening and Q&A​ July 11: Church of England General Synod, York​ ​​July 12: Manchester - the 'Northern Premiere'. Read a report here. ​July 15: Birmingham - read and watch a review here.

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From the Baptist Union GB

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Why is the Sam Sharpe Lecture important?

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by Soong-Chan Rah

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"This book illuminates the resilient faith of a current lamenter's raw trust in God. Everyone engaged in the shared struggle to hope in the midst of a violent and unjust world ought to read this accessible integration of biblical text, witness and sharp insight into the present cultural realties of the American church. Readers will discover a pithy prophetic response to the reality of shame, the problem of privilege and the possibilities of honor, hope and worship with integrity. This volume is a credit to the Resonate series."

James K. Bruckner, professor of Old Testament, North Park Theological Seminary, author, Healthy Human Life

"Soong-Chan Rah adds a significant voice to the rich and growing interpretive corpus on the book of Lamentations. He brings to his study a special attentiveness to the rootage of lament in Korean religious tradition. As Western culture is increasingly in 'free fall,' there is compelling reason to pay steady attentiveness to Lamentations. Rah's book will be of great value in that now-required attentiveness."

Walter Brueggemann, Columbia Theological Seminary

"Let me warn you ahead of time. This isn't a how-to, feel-good, seven-steps-to-cool-justice kind of book. In a culture today where we often elevate conversations about justice, reconciliation and peacemaking, Dr. Soong-Chan Rah provokes challenge and courage for the church not just to love the ideas of such things but to commit ourselves to the journey-even at the cost of including the oft forgotten process of deep lament and confession. To say that I loved Prophetic Lament by Dr. Rah would be somewhat misleading. I didn't love the book, but I confess, I needed this book and believe this to be an important resource for the wider church."

Eugene Cho, senior pastor, Quest Church, author of Overrated

"Not often am I taken by surprise when reading a book. As an academic and a writer, I've read a lot of books, and even though I've read the Bible many times over, I confess I had not really taken Lamentations or lament seriously until now. In Prophetic Lament, Rah gifts the church not only with his caring prophetic voice but also his pastoral calling, which help us to grieve the sins of our society and those of the church. This book is timely and reaches very deep theologically, emotionally and spiritually. If you care about our country and about how God feels about us, Prophetic Lament is not just a must-read; it is a must-read-now! Place this book on the top of your reading priority list."

Randy Woodley, Distinguished Professor of Faith and Culture, George Fox Seminary, author, Shalom and the Community of Creation

"Soong-Chan Rah argues for reorienting Christian theology, ministry and church life around the harsh realities of our time. The anguished cries of those who endured the ransacking of Jerusalem by the Babylonians, which come to us in the book of Lamentations, have much to teach us. Repentance and shame, not triumphalism; compassion and justice, not consumerism; hope in a sovereign and faithful God, not despair-these are what that ancient text and Prophetic Lament call us to embrace. A needed word!"

M. Daniel Carroll R., distinguished professor of Old Testament, Denver Seminary

"As a product of the African-American and urban church I am grateful for this important resource on the mission of God in the context of suffering. Soong-Chan Rah's transparent, prophetic and practical voice comes through in powerful and deeply insightful ways on the pages. In a time when too many churches are held captive to a feel-good and happy-rich gospel, this book shows us a more authentic biblical narrative."

Efrem Smith, president and CEO of World Impact, author of The Post-Black and Post-White Church

"Finally, a book that rightly commends lament as the best way to interpret and reckon with the pain and suffering so prominent in today's news! The book also gives Lamentations, an oft-overlooked biblical book, a voice-a very fresh voice-in that reckoning. The author's scholarship is first-rate, his style winsome and true-to-life, and his message occasionally hard-hitting but always hugely relevant. An important book for openhearted evangelicals."

Bob Hubbard, professor emeritus of biblical literature, North Park Theological Seminary

"In modern American Christianity, especially in the white church, we have done a disservice to our faith, our relationship with God and ultimately the justice of our society by focusing on the triumphal Scriptures of praise and glossing over the equally essential Scriptures of lament. In Soong-Chan Rah's riveting and provocative commentary on the book of Lamentations, he shows us that there can be no authentic praise and joy without justice, and no true justice without the deep acknowledgement of injustice, pain and sin inherent in the biblical practice of lament. Soong-Chan Rah masterfully explains the meaning of Lamentations in the context in which it was written, then seamlessly applies the lessons of these Scriptures to our contemporary setting, raising a powerful and prophetic challenge to the American church on critical issues such as racial inequity. I recommend this book to anyone who wishes to understand and embrace a fuller, more authentic and more just expression of Christianity. Prophetic Lament is more evidence of Soong-Chan Rah becoming one of the most important theologians of our time, and one of the few who truly understands the world into which theology must now enter."

Jim Wallis, New York Times bestselling author of The UnCommon Good, president of Sojourners, editor in chief of Sojourners magazine

"Soong-Chan Rah challenges the notion of American evangelicalism rooted in arrogant triumphalism and lifeless consumerism. He calls us to lament, to truly engage in the suffering of our neighbors and thus experience the great hope of God. Prophetic Lament has tremendous insight and profound ministry implications for church planters, urban ministers and all who follow Jesus as he loves and disciples sinners in this broken world."

John Teter, church planting team leader, Evangelical Covenant Church, senior pastor, Fountain of Life Covenant Church

"You and I live in a 'Magic Kingdom'-a world of wealth, success and prosperity. But most of the world lives in a 'Tragic Kingdom' of poverty, suffering and injustice. That's why we need the book of Lamentations, which offers God's perspective on the hurt and pain in our world. My friend and World Vision US board member Soong-Chan Rah illuminates this neglected piece of Scripture and makes it relevant for those of us tempted to ignore the world's suffering."

Richard Stearns, president, World Vision US, author, The Hole in Our Gospel and Unfinished

"In the hands of Soong-Chan Rah, the book of Lamentations becomes a provocative and prophetic call for justice and solidarity with the voiceless, oppressed and suffering in our cities. Prophetic Lament is a treasure-trove of biblical truth, historical understanding, theological insight, and contemporary application and relevance. More than a biblical commentary, Prophetic Lament is needed medicine for a Christianity enamored with a theologia gloriae and not the wisdom and power of a theologia crucis. This is a book to read, ponder and live out."

Eldin Villafane, professor of Christian social ethics, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, author of Beyond Cheap Grace

"Lament is a fundamental truth-telling language of God's people. It is a necessary way to speak about what is and what is not yet; to cry out in the midst of injustice and perceived absence; to bear witness to the Lord of dying and rising. This is the language of a kingdom between two advents, simultaneously occupying the space of suffering and glory, where pain and praise are sung in paradoxical unison. Lament sings funeral dirges in the dark to the Lord of Light, in harmony with our cruciform Lord, relying on God's justice and mercy. Too many of us unacquainted with suffering, however, are dangerously unpracticed at lament. Enter Soong-Chan Rah, prophet, cultural exegete and language instructor/choir director. Through the lamentations of a people who lost their way and finally found their voice, Rah penetrates our false narratives and selective memory. He exposes the racial story of a deaf, dumb and blind US church, bearing the image of lifeless idols that have rested precariously on the sands of false identity and entitlement. With compassion and razor-sharp precision, Rah teaches us, wide-eyed or wincing, to sing these hope-filled songs of lament. In the process, we begin to see, hear and speak faithfully to and with a compassionate God whose Son, well acquainted with grief and lament, still bears our human image and sings for and with us as king and high priest."

Cherith Nordling, associate professor of theology, Northern Seminary

"In offering a critical analysis of the book of Lamentations, Soong-Chan Rah leads us beyond a shallow understanding of peace as the absence of conflict and a one-sided understanding of sin that fails to acknowledge the suffering of the victim. In doing so, he prophetically calls us to examine the work of reconciliation between those who live under suffering and those who live in prosperity. Dr. Rah's Prophetic Lament is a much-needed addition to the ministry of reconciliation, a refreshing take on the book of Lamentations and the timely call for lament in the American church."

Christena Cleveland, associate professor of the practice of reconciliation and director of the Center for Reconciliation at Duke Divinity School, author of Disunity in Christ: Uncovering the Hidden Forces that Keep Us Apart

" Prophetic Lament teaches readers about one of the most critical and appropriate responses to suffering in this world. The integration of spiritual lament and a prophetic call for justice is a critical reminder for the contemporary church to return to the truths of Scripture as we seek to understand tragedy and brokenness. Soong-Chan Rah powerfully reminds readers that an evangelical theology devoid of lament lacks the foundational depth of one of the most significant spiritual practices of the people of God. This book provocatively challenges the church to embody a 'full narrative of Christ in his suffering and in his triumph.'"

Mae Elise Cannon, ordained minister in the Evangelical Covenant Church, author of Social Justice Handbook: Small Steps for a Better World and Just Spirituality: How Faith Practices Fuel Social Action

" Prophetic Lament weaves a compelling analysis of the book of Lamentations with American theological history and the economic and racial justice crisis we face today in the United States. As the American church seeks to find our prophetic voice, Dr. Rah reminds us the best place to start is with deep tones of lament."

Troy Jackson, director, AMOS Project, coauthor, Forgive Us

" Prophetic Lament is a commentary on the Old Testament book of Lamentations. Rather than reading as a typical commentary with foci on individual verses, original languages, and such, the book reads as an extended essay that swerves consciously between the experience of Israel's exile and reflections on contemporary events, particularly issues of justice that have often escaped white churches. . . . "Lamentations is a book that can and should speak into our current circumstances and, in Prophetic Lament, Rah has given us an accessible introduction for our troubled times."

David Swanson, Signs of Life, December 19, 2015

"This timely book is indeed prophetic in its call for us to live as the faithful and repentant people of God in our violent age."

C. Christopher Smith, Relevant, December 18, 2015

"In his superb new book, Prophetic Lament: A Call for Justice in Troubled Times, Soong-Chan Rah uses a series of reflections on the Old Testament book of Lamentations to explore our discomfort with lament and to call us to recover this historic practice of our faith."

C. Christopher Smith, Englewood Review of Books, Fall 2015

"Rah combines biblical exposition with cultural critique. . . . He applies the message of Lamentations to the complex contemporary issues of urban ministry, justice, and racial reconciliation. Prophetic Lament will complement other commentaries and enrich the reader's understanding and application of this short but powerful book of the Bible."

Daniel Johnson, CBA Retailers + Resources, October 2015

"You wouldn't expect a journey through the book of Lamentations to be particularly relevant to life in the 21st century. And yet that is what Soong-Chan Rah accomplishes. Lament, Rah emphasizes, is an essential part of the deeper engagement God desires for humanity and creation."

Relevant Magazine, September/October 2015

"Soong-Chan Rah ranks among the top American scholars who perceptively understand the contemporary Western church, speak prophetically into it, offer hope, and do not hesitate to prove the theological implications of scripture. I count his Prophetic Lament: A Call for Justice in Troubled Times as one of the most personally, and unexpectedly, impactful that I have read. It is currently shaping me in uncomfortable yet necessary ways."

David M. Johnstone, Christian Scholar's Review, XLVI: 2, Winter 2017

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The American church avoids lament but lament is a missing, essential component of Christian faith. Soong-Chan Rah's prophetic exposition of the book of Lamentations provides a biblical and theological lens for examining the church's relationship with a suffering world. Hear the prophet's lament as the necessary corrective for Christianity's future.

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By Anthony Reddie

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Insights from Black Theology for Christian Faith and Ministry. New Edition with an afterword on why Black Lives Matter

'Theological institutions, ordinary people, preachers, worship leaders and house group facilitators should wrestle with this little volume.'

- Methodist Recorder

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Insights from Black Theology for Christian Faith and Ministry. New Edition with an afterword on why Black Lives Matter 'Theological institutions, ordinary people, preachers, worship leaders and house group facilitators should wrestle with this little volume.' - Methodist Recorder

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The Christian ImaginationTheology and the Origins of Race

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The Christian ImaginationTheology and the Origins of Race

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Willie James Jennings

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Theology and the Origins of Race

Willie James Jennings

Format: Paper View Inside
Price: $27.50

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Cloth

Winner of the 2015 Louisville Grawemeyer Award in Religion and of the 2011 American Academy of Religion Award for Excellence, Constructive-Reflective Study

"[A] theological masterpiece."--Chris Smith, Englewood Review of Books

A ground-breaking account of the potential and failures of Christianity since the colonialist period

Why has Christianity, a religion premised upon neighborly love, failed in its attempts to heal social divisions? In this ambitious and wide-ranging work, Willie James Jennings delves deep into the late medieval soil in which the modern Christian imagination grew, to reveal how Christianity's highly refined process of socialization has inadvertently created and maintained segregated societies. A probing study of the cultural fragmentation-social, spatial, and racial-that took root in the Western mind, this book shows how Christianity has consistently forged Christian nations rather than encouraging genuine communion between disparate groups and individuals.

Weaving together the stories of Zurara, the royal chronicler of Prince Henry, the Jesuit theologian Jose de Acosta, the famed Anglican Bishop John William Colenso, and the former slave writer Olaudah Equiano, Jennings narrates a tale of loss, forgetfulness, and missed opportunities for the transformation of Christian communities. Touching on issues of slavery, geography, Native American history, Jewish-Christian relations, literacy, and translation, he brilliantly exposes how the loss of land and the supersessionist ideas behind the Christian missionary movement are both deeply implicated in the invention of race.

Using his bold, creative, and courageous critique to imagine a truly cosmopolitan citizenship that transcends geopolitical, nationalist, ethnic, and racial boundaries, Jennings charts, with great vision, new ways of imagining ourselves, our communities, and the landscapes we inhabit.

Willie James Jennings is Associate Professor of Theology and Black Church Studies at Duke Divinity School, where he previously served as academic dean. He lives in Durham, NC.

"

Jennings excavates the major theological issues involved as the old world encountered-violently-the new and engaged in displacement and racialization of the 'subjugated' peoples. At stake is a whole way of conceiving the self, the other, and the world of their mutual relations."-Miroslav Volf, Yale University

"There is no study that I know of that traces with such detail, consistency, insight, historical depth and geographic spread, the links between racism, capitalism and Christian theology. A brilliant piece of work."-Walter Mignolo, Duke University

"How did Christianity become so closely identified with racial segregation and oppression? Jennings successfully addresses a question that others have taken for granted or left unanswered. This original and important book has the potential to change the way theology is done henceforth in America."-Cheryl Sanders, Howard University

"Sensitively descriptive writing. . . . This study lays out realities that must be honestly admitted."-

Nancy Hawkins, America

"[A] theological masterpiece."-Chris Smith, Englewood Review of Books

"Jennings engages broad historical sources and cultural theory in uncommonly exquisite yet accessible prose. . . . This broadly conceived study promised to reconfigure the historical understanding of race, religion, and empire in the Americas and to stimulate theological reflection on Christian-Jew relations."-S. A. Johnson, Choice

"[An] astounding book. . . . Jennings's genius carries through. . . . A highly textured instance of theology at its best."-Jonathan Tran, Religious Studies Review

"Detailing the nooks and crannies of white supremacist Christianity, The Christian Imagination allows not only for greater sophistication when considering race and theology. It also points to possible cures to the disease so elegantly diagnosed."-Edward J. Blum, Journal of Religion

Shortlisted for the 2011 American Academy of Religion Awards for Excellence in the Study of Religion, in the Constructive-Reflective Study of Religion Category

Winner of the 2011 American Academy of Religion's Award for Excellence in the Constructive-Reflective Study of Religion category

Winner of the 2015 Louisville Grawemeyer Award in Religion presented by the Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary and the University of Louisville

ISBN: 9780300171365
Publication Date:

384 pages, 6 1/8 x 91/4
2 b/w illus.

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Christian Imagination | Yale University Press

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Theology and the Origins of Race Willie James Jennings Format: Paper View Inside Price: $27.50 Our shopping cart only supports Mozilla Firefox. Please ensure you're using that browser before attempting to purchase.

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Kerry Washington | American Son | Official Trailer | Netflix

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HARRIET | Official Trailer | Now Playing

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12 YEARS A SLAVE - Official Trailer (HD)

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UNESCO Webinar: The Legacy of Slavery, Transgenerational Trauma & Collective Healing

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UNESCO Webinar: The Legacy of Slavery, Transgenerational Trauma & Collective Healing

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At this exciting international event, the UNESCO Slave Route Project and the Guerrand-Hermès Foundation for Peace Research Institute (GHFP) brought together high-profile speakers and artists to launch "Healing the Wounds of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and Slavery: Approaches and Practices: A Desk Review." This timely Report draws together the perspectives of researchers and practitioners to map major approaches to addressing the legacy of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and slavery. It was the fruit of collaboration between an international team of researchers and practitioners, under the guidance of the UNESCO Slave Route Project and the GHFP Research Institute. The Report highlights the imperative to embark on a collective journey towards healing transgenerational trauma and the importance of systemic transformation.

Formally launching and disseminating this is an active response to UNESCO's Global Call against racism. It will inspire the world to learn from the histories of slavery, acknowledge the harms of structural injustice and institutional racism, and promote inclusion, pluralism and intercultural dialogue.

Ms Gabriela Ramos, UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences, and Mr Sharif Istvan Horthy, Chairman of the GHFP Research Institute, took the opportunity of this presentation and announced a broader collaborative project entitled "Educational Transformation and Collective Healing: Addressing the Traumas and Legacy of Slavery". This ambitious initiative aims to nurture youth leadership capacities so that young people can implement a racial healing programme for building just communities and initiate policy changes to address structural dehumanisation. Following the official presentation, Episcopal Church Presiding Bishop Michael Curry, offered his support for this initiative.

An international panel of historians of slavery, scholars in race studies, and experts in racial healing - Paul Lovejoy, Myriam Cottias, Achille Mbembe, Walter Mignolo and Joy DeGruy - discussed key insights of the Report, including the psycho-social legacy of slave trade and slavery. They also explored practical steps along the pathways that the UNESCO Slave Route Project and the GHFP partnership might take to empower and engage global communities and public institutions in collective healing.

The launch concluded with an inspiring dialogue between two living legends - Marcus Miller, UNESCO Slave Route Project Spokesperson, and African-American musician and composer, and Ray Lema, the Congolese musician and composer - about the power of music for healing and cultural transformation.

Watch the recording of the UNESCO Launch event here:

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26th May 2021 UNESCO Webinar: The Legacy of Slavery, Transgenerational Trauma & Collective Healing

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At this exciting international event, the UNESCO Slave Route Project and the Guerrand-Hermès Foundation for Peace Research Institute (GHFP) brought together high-profile speakers and artists to launch "Healing the Wounds of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and Slavery: Approaches and Practices: A Desk Review." This timely Report draws together the perspectives of researchers and practitioners to map...

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What reparations for slavery might look like (article)

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What reparations for slavery might look like (article)

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by Patricia Cohen

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What Reparations for Slavery Might Look Like in 2019 (Published 2019)

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The idea of economic amends for past injustices and persistent disparities is getting renewed attention. Here are some formulas for achieving the aim.

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Practical ways to pursue racial reconciliation (video)

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Practical ways to pursue racial reconciliation (video)

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Pastor Bryan Loritts (5 min)

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Practical Ways to Pursue Racial Reconciliation

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A poem by Nathan L. McGuire

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Evicted from my space!

Invitation withdrawn,

At the mention of my distress,

Rebuttal made,

Checkbox for listening ticked,

Point of view reinforced.

"I'm not a racist."

Reflection and introspection,

not options for this conversation,

The pace of the race dictated,

Negotiation a myth.

Power-sharing my hope but your nightmare,

Equality for my descendants denied,

"Pride...?"

Your greed and visceral disdain for my skin is evident,

But, "I'm not racist" you declare,

Inviting me to affirm your truth.

Who bears the weight of suffering generations?

My mother, brother, sister and ancestors too.

The neutrality of the message behind the pew,

A form of violence that provides justice for the few,

Those who claim not to be racist,

Must grapple with this reality,

Dismantling their neutrality,

Going against the river every day must become your normality.

Yes, you are rich and you choose not to see,

Blinded by the imperial religion that argues it invented tea,

Moulded by years of fanaticism,

Inability to engage with the philosophy of pacifism.

You see,

The ideology of white supremacy has assimilated our skins,

People of colour forced to become the anthesis of a heroine,

Like a tattoo,

or something that sticks stronger than super-glue.

Words like:

Thug,

Swarm,

Ruffian,

wrong 'un,

oh don't forget the 'little house nigger',

and you wonder why the police so easily pull the trigger.

The media no longer hiding from its philosophy...

"People of colour do not have humanity."

Make my country great again,

A familiar slogan,

You smell summer's roses

We smell wet ass,

Can you not see us holding our noses?

Competition, subservience and ruling through violence,

Nation after nation subjected to your 'saving'

Paving over the cost of your white greatness,

A war here and war there,

Installing 'human rights' throughout humanity,

Killing and stealing while riding on your version of Christianity,

Stop!

And read your scripture -

Galatians 3:28b,

"Feed them the crumbs of your abundance,

Under the banner of this great nation, we serve,

As long as we have enough for us to preserve."

Swerve,

Reparations is the way you show you care,

Anything less is a reminder of your Empire's barren claims to share.

Remember this,

The words "I'm not a racist"

Does not wipe your ancestors slate clean,

If you're serious,

Don't allow this response to become your routine,

Debating your racism,

Does not help me or you,

The doctor has diagnosed this flu.

I invite you to look into,

Something more than a rebate,

The depth of the wound in humanity is great,

Reparation is the remedy,

Anything less is a fully funded comedy,

If for some reason you struggle to swallow that pill,

Maybe just maybe,

You are racist still...

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Evicted from my space! Invitation withdrawn, At the mention of my distress, Rebuttal made, Checkbox for listening ticked, Point of view reinforced. "I'm not a racist." Reflection and introspection, not options for this conversation, The pace of the race dictated, Negotiation a myth. Power-sharing my hope but your nightmare, Equality for my descendants denied, "Pride...?"

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by Joshua Luke Smith (4min 15s)

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Check Your Blind Spot | Joshua Luke Smith

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Talk by author Ibram X Kendi (54 min)

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by Rev. Nathan McGuire

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Pain,

overwhelming,

frustration boiling,

powerlessness scorching,

young hearts full of fear and confusion,

hunted, hated because of the colour of our skin.

Indifference,

suppression,

by those who choose to ignore,

what a privilege it is,

to ignore our suffering skin.

In Christ, colour blind you say,

oh how I wish you would be honest,

tell us the truth!

You don't like us enough even to listen.

Silence.

"You make me sick."

Christ declares to the Church,

Revelation 3:16,

His blood cries on behalf of the last,

His breathe too was taken,

cheerlessly lost,

did you know our apathy costs?

Suffering,

the language of repentance,

A holy communion,

missed by those who comfortably sleep,

enjoying the violence of their dreams.

Hope,

resurrecting,

choosing to take up my cross,

knowing my saviour is with those,

whose hearts are full of loss,

in Him they will rise

the day is set,

black, brown and white,

the triumphant reset.

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Pain, overwhelming, frustration boiling, powerlessness scorching, young hearts full of fear and confusion, hunted, hated because of the colour of our skin. Indifference, suppression, by those who choose to ignore, what a privilege it is, to ignore our suffering skin. In Christ, colour blind you say, oh how I wish you would be honest, tell us the truth!

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David Lammy MP's impassioned speech on the mistreatment of the Windrush generation (video)

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David Lammy MP's impassioned speech on the mistreatment of the Windrush generation (video)

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(3min 45s)

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Windrush generation being subjected to 'cruel and inhumane treatment by UK government' | ITV News

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Video - 5 mins

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Empire of Dirt: How Your banks Made Money from Slavery

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VICE World News host Zing Tsjeng explores how City of London and it's financial institutions profited from slavery in America long after the slave trade was abolished.

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How wealthy slave owners entered British society with David Olusoga (video)

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How wealthy slave owners entered British society with David Olusoga (video)

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(5min 39s)

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How wealthy slave owners entered British aristocracy | History - Britain's Forgotten Slave Owners

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Ethnicity, Race and Inequality in the UK - State of the Nation

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Ethnicity, Race and Inequality in the UK - State of the Nation

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A range of articles exploring inequality in the UK -2020

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HM Treasury admission concerning payments to slave traders (2018)

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HM Treasury admission concerning payments to slave traders (2018)

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t was one of those tweets by a public body you couldn't quite believe. "Here's today's surprising #FridayFact," HM Treasury declared last week. "Millions of you helped end the slave trade through your taxes." Attached to the tweet was an image of slaves in chains with the caption: "In 1833, the British government used £20m, 40% of its national budget, to buy freedom for all slaves in the empire. The amount of money borrowed for the Slavery Abolition Act was so large that it wasn't paid off until 2015. Which means that living British citizens helped pay to end the slave trade."

The slave trade was actually abolished in 1807. The 1833 Slavery Abolition Act abolished, as the name suggests, slavery itself. A Treasury so loose with its facts might explain something about the state of the British economy. Worse, however, was the claim that British taxpayers helped "buy freedom for slaves". The government certainly shelled out £20m (about £16bn today) in 1833. Not to free slaves but to line the pockets of 46,000 British slave owners as "recompense" for losing their "property". Having grown rich on the profits of an obscene trade, slave owners grew richer still from its ending. That, scandalously, was what the taxpayer was paying for until 2015.

The Treasury deleted its tweet on Saturday morning. It is, however, part of a long tradition of the British authorities playing down their central role in the transatlantic slave trade, while claiming credit for ending slavery. It was not Britain but slaves themselves and radicals in Europe who began the struggle against enslavement. Nevertheless, the "moral capital" of abolitionism, as historian Katie Donington observes, continues to provide "a means of redeeming Britain's troubling colonial past".

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Let's put an end to the delusion that Britain abolished slavery | Kenan Malik

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t was one of those tweets by a public body you couldn't quite believe. "Here's today's surprising #FridayFact," HM Treasury declared last week. "Millions of you helped end the slave trade through your taxes."

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What is Queen Elizabeth's legacy in Africa? | DW News

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What is Queen Elizabeth's legacy in Africa? | DW News

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11:08 mins

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What is Queen Elizabeth's legacy in Africa? | DW News

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Revere or Remove? The Battle Over Statues, Heritage and History

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Revere or Remove? The Battle Over Statues, Heritage and History

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Revere or Remove? The Battle Over Statues, Heritage and History