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principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.
Ex:tenth amendments , constitution

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act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
Ex: Judicial, Executive

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Cycles that businesses go through
Ex:

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part of the business cycle where the economy is declining
EX:

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The highest point in the business cycle where the economy is doing great
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This a part of the business cycle where the economy is doing better and things are headed toward the peak
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This is the lowest part of the business cycle where the economy is is terrible
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a business cycle contraction when there is a general decline in economic activity.
Ex:

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A very low point in economics
Ex:

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policy adopted by the monetary authority of a country that controls either the interest rate payable on very short-term borrowing or the money supply, often targeting inflation or the interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.
Ex:

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central banking system of the United States of America.
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monetary policy that increases the money supply usually by lowering interest rates.
Ex:

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course of action undertaken by a central bank such as the Federal Reserve to slow down overheated economic growth, to constrict spending in an economy that is seen to be accelerating too quickly, or to curb inflation when it is rising too fast.
Ex:

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central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world's central banks, that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank.
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economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country's economy.
Ex:

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unpaid borrowed funds, carried by the Federal Government of the United States, which is measured as the face value of the currently outstanding Treasury securities that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies.
Ex:

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a financial loss for during a period where expenses exceed revenues.
Ex:

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a period when income or receipts exceed outlays or expenditures.
Ex:

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a tax that imposes a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with a higher income, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay.
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a tax applied uniformly, taking a larger percentage of income from low-income earners than from high-income earners.
Ex:

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income tax system where the same percentage of tax is levied on all taxpayers, regardless of their income
Ex:

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the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
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the amount by which the cost of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports.
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the amount by which the value of a country's exports exceeds the cost of its imports.
Ex:

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the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity.
Ex:

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the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another individual or group.
Ex:

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The value of a nation's exports in excess of the value of its imports.
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The difference between the value of a country's exports and the value of its imports such that imports exceed exports.
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an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries
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obtain from an outside or foreign supplier, especially in place of an internal source.
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Britain's unofficial policy, initiated by prime minister Robert Walpole , to relax the enforcement of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth centuries.
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This is what upset the colonizers about their old place of living
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the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.
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Only someone with this will understand what this is
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life, liberty and property
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implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.
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believed that human nature allowed people to be selfish.
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idea of dividing government power into three branches the "separation of powers.
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His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought.
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comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
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a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publish" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.
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for the constitution
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People who don't believe in the government
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gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution.
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an agreement made between large states and small states regarding how much power states would have under the United States Constitution.
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uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786.
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established that a slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person, insofar as determining the total population of a state.
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called for each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population.
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recommended that states be represented based upon their population numbers, and it also called for the creation of three branches of government.
Ex:

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first democratically-elected legislative body in British North America.
Ex:

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ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
Ex: Congress, Judicial

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Belief in the government and constitiution
Ex: Argentina, Australia

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restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.
Ex: Freedom of the press, Equality

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power to tax, to borrow money, to regulate commerce and currency, to declare war, and to raise armies and maintain the navy.
Ex: Borrowing money, Regulate currency

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powers approved by the Constitution

Regulate interstate commerce.

Declare war.

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powers not given or prohibited by any part of the gov.
Ex: Collect and lay taxes, Borrowing money

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Powers shared between fed gov and state
Ex:power to tax, build roads

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procedure by which a court can review any case
Ex: Roe vs. Wade,  President nixon scandal

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a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.

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delaying vote

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a joint committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill

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being a part of a whole

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a person who takes part in an organized attempt to influence legislators.

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an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session.

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a group of people that seeks to influence public policy on the basis of a particular common interest or concern.

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a permanent committee that meets regularly.

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a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.

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In common law legal systems original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.

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Appellate jurisdiction is the power of an appellate court to review, amend and overrule decisions of a trial court or other lower tribunal.

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the series of steps a legal dispute goes through in the court system.

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refers to the relative number of prisoners who, after being released, return to prison or jail because they have committed another crime.

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the body of law that regulates the operation and procedures of government agencies.

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the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.

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a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary

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a system of law concerned with the punishment of those who commit crimes.

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the official power to make legal decisions and judgments.

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an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.

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a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs the legal entities of a city, state, or country by way of consent.

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the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes.

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a wrongful act or an infringement of a right leading to civil legal liability.