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1. In at least two works, discuss the presentation of competing ideas, hopes, or visions and consider the effects created.

2. In some works of fiction, characters undergo change or even transformation. Compare how, and with what effect, the works of two writers depict such alterations.

3. Compare the presentation and function of villains or anti-heroes in at least two works.

4. “I am the master of my fate.” To what extent and in what ways does the literature you have read depict characters who are, or are not, in control of their fate? Refer closely to at least two of the works you have studied in your answer.

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- Enemy of the party
- once an important member of the party but he became a traitor
- Wrote a book with his ideas (The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism)
- He is the organizer of a rebellion
** not clear is he really existed. Book actually was written by O'Brien and other party members to lure in rebels

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- widower and owner of shop. Nice and trust worthy
- memeber thought police
- want old (35 yrs) and arrested julia and winston

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- Almost divine
- omnipresent
- "cult leader"
- Totalitarian governor
- war hero, inventor and philosopher
*Maybe doesnt exist and its just a symbol

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- a lot of propaganda
- torture to control people
- fear tactics
- constant monitoring
- economic suppression
- newspeak: control thoughts

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- Inner party: oligarchical political class. They can turn off telescreens, they live more comfortably
- Outer party: "Middle class", constant uninterrupted surveillance
- Proles: "lowest class". relative freedom and simple pleasures.(proletarian)

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- English Socialism
- Located in oceania
- Oligarchical collectivism
- Main goal: power and keep citizens under control
-newspeak, doublethink and mutability of the past

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- winston could represent Humanity: the desire of peace, individuality, happiness, love and democracy
- Totalitarian government took all of that away from Winston
- Orwell's warnings to society of totalitarian governments and what it could do to society

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1. Committed to the regime, but still questions its practices. He is an ordinary party member but is a thought criminal
2. This questioning progresses into writing in his diary. At first, it is pointless and he doesn't know what he is writing about. (automatic writing):  “He did not know what had made him pour out this stream of rubbish.”
3. The diary turns into a place where he can question the regime and its practices. As well as recognizing that the proles are the only hope “If there is hope it lies in the proles.” they just need to become conscious
4. He gains the understanding that true freedom is freedom of thought “Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.”
5. He meets Julia, sex as a political act
6. He tries to join Goldstein. He reads the book (but gets arrested after 2 chapters)
7. He understands that power is all that the path seeks and in room 101 he is "intellectually murdered"

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The effects that framing sex as a duty has in relationships

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The effects that framing sex as a duty has in relationships

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- Perhaps the reason why Katherine stiffened and was tense during sex was because she felt the obligation to make a baby
- This also has effects on  couples because their only motivation to be together is because they have a "duty to the Party"
- "The only recognized purpose of marriage was to beget children for the Service of the Party" (p.65)

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- Winston: Winston churchill
- Smith: most common english last name,
-Churchill indicates a connection with religion and the church, smith with the working class

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- young, reckless and seeks pleasure
- political rebellion is more about sexual desires than against the ideology
- No last name (she could be named anything not really important)
- In min of love she was broken easily, no character strength
- not very intellectual: no understanding of the party or ideology

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Katherine:
- Her age is not mentioned, we only know of her due to Winston's memory
- She was tall, vulgar and empty-minded
- They separated roughly 11 years ago and had been together for 15 months

- The description of their relationship focuses primarily on Winston's difficulties when having sex.
- He perceived that, during this act, she was rigid and submissive but, at the same time, tried to push him as far as she could
- Their relationship ended because Katherine wanted to have a baby but Winston did not

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“They got me a long time ago,” said O’Brien with a mild, almost regretful irony. (245)
"He was the tormentor, he was the protector, he was the inquisitor, he was the friend." (250)
"Can you not understand that the death of the individual is not death? The party is immortal" (272)

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1. began with Winston thinking about raping and torturing the "dark haired girl"
2. To sex as a political act and as a way to satisfy their desires
3. To the end of 1984 were they fall in love and that is what ultimately gets them caught (ultimate offence against party)
4. Through torture in the min of love forced to change love to apathy ("Do it to julia!")

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- Antagonist --> power and control
- Mistery: at the end we don't know much about him
- Winston admires him intellectually
- Symbolic of dehumanization and collective identity
-  Torture and manipulation as a member of the inner party --> Winston still trusts him
- Does the brotherhood really exist?

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It could be considered this way because eroticism, as an emotion, is idiosyncratic, which implies that it is very difficult for external forces to influence it. Nevertheless, by framing eroticism as an act that only served a purpose if it was tied to reproduction, they could, with the help of language, give it a negative connotation, allowing them to have control over their citizens

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- Affairs with other party members
- hides rebellion through orthodoxy
- Personal and no ideological motivation (superficial)
- She only cares about the now and not about stopping it for the future
- sexual rebellion: not for the better of people but for her desires
- Sex is a political act

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General info:
-39 years old
- Works at the Record Department, which is a branch of the Ministry of Truth that dealt with the treatment and subsequent forgery of historical documents.
- Curious,

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- 26 yrs old
- works fiction department mintrue
- Juliet of Winston
- opportunistic, risk taker and not interested in politics