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The ability of a material to withstand heavy blows or impact.

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Stress = Force÷Area(CSA)

Strain = Extension÷Original Length

Young's Modulus = Stress÷Strain

UTS = MaxLoad÷CSA

ShearStrength =  ShearForce÷CSA

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Ball indenter steel/tungsten

Diameter of indentation measured

Formula to find Brinell Hardness Number

Not suitable for very hard or very soft materials

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The probe is moved along the component. The pulses and echoes are shown on a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).

If a flaw is present then the pulse will reflect off it and return in a faster time than normal. This produces a shorter blip on the screen.

This test is commonly used for forgings, castings and welds.

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Square Pyramid indenter 136 degrees

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A material that cannot be stretched or squashed easily.

Tensile Strength

Compressive Strength

Shear Strength

Bending Strength

Torsional Strength

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The ability of a material to withstand abrasive wear, scratching and indentation.

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Test specimen held Horizontal

Specimen clamped at both ends

Notch faces away from hammer

300 joules

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Test specimen held Vertical

Specimen clamped at one end

Notch faces towards hammer

167 joules

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Time

Temperature

Nature of the Force