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Modernization theory looks at how technological change "enhanced human productivity and raised living standards in many nations. From this point of view, the solution to global poverty is to promote technological development and market economies around the world." (Macionis, p. 509) I chose an excerpt from sociology modules that gives detailed descriptions about the theory. It looks at how one small technological advancement affects many things in turn, like a chain reaction.

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I chose a youtube video to describe the idea of postmodernity because it "[refers] to the transformations caused by the Information Revolution and the postindustrial economy." (Macionis, p.508) This means that it affects several aspects of society, and this video keeps the explanation short and simple while giving many comparisons.

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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Modernity and the Individual

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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Modernity and the Individual

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Individuality is something that is constantly built up throughout one's life. What defines them is how others react to them and how they decide to respond to that. In the book, they take a step back to socialization in chapter three and explain how "people’s personalities are mostly a product of their social experiences." (Macionis, p.504) I chose this photo because these two factors are some of the most important things that affect our social experiences.

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Social-Conflict Perspective: Modernity as Class Society

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Social-Conflict Perspective: Modernity as Class Society

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Social conflict theory is an approach that "views the heart of modernization as an expanding capitalist economy, marked by inequality." (Macionis, p.503) This cartoon portrays that inequality in the way that capitalists exploit the poor.

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Structural-Functional Perspective: Modernity as a Mass Society

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Structural-Functional Perspective: Modernity as a Mass Society

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This photo puts a clear visual on how the Structural-Functionalist theory is a perspective that "sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability." (Macionis, p.501)  I chose it because mass society is described as "a society in which prosperity and expanding bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties." and marked by "weak kinship and impersonal neighborhoods." (Macionis, p.501) When I looked at the photo I noticed that most people were distanced from each other which was an interesting detail that supports the perspective.

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This photo depicts the anger that Asians and Asian-Americans are currently going through because of  Covid-19. Although the pandemic originated in China, there have been "rumors" or "unconfirmed information that people spread informally...Rumor thrives in a climate of uncertainty, when people care about some issue but are not sure of the facts." (Macionis, p.492)  The rumors cause people to believe that anyone who is Asian has the virus; it caused reports of hate crimes to increase because several Asians, even those who are not Chinese, have been targeted by racist remarks and violence.

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I chose to represent social change in the U.S. regarding sexuality; gay marriage being legalized in 2008 was like a catalyst. Being gay was much more accepted and Americans began to become more aware and supporting of other gender identities which other countries began to take notice of. This is similar to a cultural change event known as  "diffusion" which "creates change as products, people, and information spread from one society to another. " (Macionis, p.489) The following article from VOA News includes insight on the impact that the U.S. has made.