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Magnets are solid objects that attract iron or steel. Magnets do this by a phenomenon called magnetism, in which they generate a force that extends into a (magnetic) field (i.e., the area around the magnet).
A magnet may have the ability to do this naturally, such as lodestone, or it may acquire the ability when combined with other elements (e.g., samarium cobalt).

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The three types of magnets are the following
Temporary
Permanent
Electromagnets.

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Temporary magnets become magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field. They lose their magnetism gradually, when the magnetic field is removed. Some irons and iron alloys, as well as paper clips and nails, function as temporary magnets.

Screwdrivers can be temporarily magnetized

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Permanent magnets do not easily lose their magnetism. These magnets may be naturally-occurring (“rare-earth”) elements, or chemical compounds.
Permanent magnet examples include Alnico (an alloy of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt) and ferrites (ceramic-like material made from a mix of iron oxides with nickel, strontium, or cobalt).

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Electromagnets are created by running an electrical current through a coil with a metal core. The energized coil creates a magnetic field. When the current is shut off, the magnetic field disappears.
o not easily lose their magnetism. These magnets may be naturally-occurring (“rare-earth”) elements, or chemical compounds.
Permanent magnet examples include Alnico (an alloy of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt) and ferrites (ceramic-like material made from a mix of iron oxides with nickel, strontium, or cobalt).
Electromagnets are created by running an electrical current through a coil with a metal core. The energized coil creates a magnetic field. When the current is shut off, the magnetic field disappears.

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Magnets in Experiments
Permanent magnets are commonly made from ceramic, alnico, and neodymium. Ceramic magnets are strong, and work well for most experiments. Alnico magnets are stronger and more expensive, and work very well for science experiments. Neodymium magnets are the strongest and most expensive of the three.

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Magnets come in a variety of shapes and sizes like disc, sphere, horseshoe and a number of other unique forms.  Usually, bigger magnets are stronger, but now always. Small magnets can be improved to increase strength by using different materials. The shape of a magnet, however, can tell you a lot more than size. Each magnet’s shape has an influence how it is used. It determines how the magnetic field lines are arranged outside of the magnet as well as the strength of its pull. What are some of the common shapes of magnets and how are they used?

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A magnet’s power is focused at the poles and lessens at the sides. Bar magnets are generally the weakest shape, because the poles have the smallest area. They are, however, the most common shape used in everyday life such as refrigerator magnets and compasses.
Bar magnets are also commonly used for demonstrations in the classroom. For example, you can use the bar magnet to reveal a magnetic field by spreading metal shavings on a piece of paper concealing a magnet.

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Horseshoe magnets are just bar magnets bent in a U shape. The U shape makes the magnet stronger by pointing the poles in the same direction. Originally created as a replacement for the bar magnet, this shape has become the universal symbol for magnets. It can be used to pick up metal objects of any size depending on the strength of the horseshoe magnet. For example, small horseshoes can collect paper clips while industrial-sized horseshoe magnets are used in construction and engineering to pick up large pieces of heavy metal. Horseshoe magnets are also used at the bottom of pendulums.

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Disc Magnets
We can manipulate a magnet’s shape to increase the area of the poles, thereby increasing the strength of its pull. Because of the wide, flat surface, disc magnets have a large pole area making them strong, effective magnets.
Depending on the size of the disc, this shape has a variety of uses. Disc magnets are used every day in clothing, fashion accessories, and home decor. Sewing disc magnets into clothing is a great way to hold fabric together. Industrial-sized disc magnets are commonly used to pick up old cars at junkyards. Breaking Bad fans may recognize this magnet from the season 5 premiere when a junkyard disc magnet is used to destroy the hard drive of a laptop from a distance.

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Sphere Magnets
Sphere magnets are often sold as toys and novelty items. Sphere magnets make popular desk toys such as Rattlesnake Eggs. This shape can also be used to create bracelets and necklaces. Spherical magnets are also effective tools when demonstrating how some elements and molecules are structured if you use the spheres to represent atoms.
Cylinder Magnets

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Cylinder magnets are sometimes used in medicine. According to BBC News, some doctors experiment with magnetic rods to treat scoliosis patients. Unlike metal rods, magnetic rods can be lengthened noninvasively by remote control even after the rods have been placed in the patient’s spine. This eliminates the need for multiple surgeries to lengthen the rod during treatment.

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Ring magnets are usually used in science experiments such as a demonstration of magnetic repulsion where the magnetic rings are threaded through a wooden pole. When the same poles of the magnets face each other they won’t touch.
Ring magnets are also occasionally used in medicine. For example, some studies have shown that they neutralize Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) if they malfunction. ICDs correct the heart’s rhythm with an electric shock if it becomes irregular. Sometimes the ICD malfunctions and can apply more shocks than are needed, which can be fatal for the patient unless a ring magnet is applied to the patient’s chest.

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The magnetic pole is the region at each end of a magnet where the external magnetic field is the strongest. Poles of a magnet may refer to a magnetic monopole which is a hypothetical elementary particle. Magnetic poles of the astronomical bodies is a special case of magnets
Planet Earth has a North magnetic pole where the north hand of the compass point downwards.It also a south magnetic pole where the south hand of the compass point downward.

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When a bar magnet is suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field orients itself in a north-south direction. The north-seeking pole of such magnet, or any similar pole, is called a north magnetic pole. The south-seeking pole, or any pole similar to it, is called a south magnetic pole. Unlike poles of different magnets tend to attract each other while the like poles are known to repel each other.
The bar magnet is an easy device to visualize the magnetic poles. The two ends of a permanent magnet are called poles of a magnet. The force exerted by a magnet is depicted using curved lines with arrows. These lines of force along with the magnetic field surrounding the magnet are known as magnetic field lines. The arrows on the lines show the direction of a magnetic force i.e. from the North Pole to the South Pole of the magnet.
Bar Magnet: Opposite poles attract while same poles repel each other.
Breaking a magnet into two does not mean its North pole and the South Pole become isolated. Each half is found to have its own north and south poles.
The best example of common magnets seen in our household is the bar magnet. A bar magnet, in general, is a long and rectangular in shape of a uniform cross-section that attracts pieces of ferrous objects. There are two different poles of a magnet; north pole and south pole. The magnetic compass needle is also a commonly used device which has helped sailors for navigation in the early days, as well as today. The needle has a small magnet which is free to move horizontally on a pivot. The two poles of the compass needle points towards the North and South directions.

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The Earth is composed of layers having different chemical compositions and different physical properties. The crust of the Earth has some permanent magnetization, and the Earth’s core generates its own magnetic field, sustaining the main part of the field we measure at the surface. So we could say that the Earth is, therefore, a "magnet."
But permanent magnetization cannot occur at temperatures above about 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit), when the thermal motion of atoms becomes too vigorous to maintain the ordered orientations needed for permanent magnetization. The core of the Earth has a temperature of several thousand degrees Celsius, and is not permanently magnetized.

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Physics lover - Magnet Magnet Its about magnet and just magnet.

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A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents,[1]:ch1[2] and magnetized materials. A charge that is moving in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity and to the magnetic field.[1]:ch13[3] The effects of magnetic fields are commonly seen in permanent magnets, which pull on magnetic materials such as iron, and attract or repel other magnets. In addition, a magnetic field that varies with location will exert a force on a range of non-magnetic materials by affecting the motion of their outer atomic electrons. Magnetic fields surround magnetized materials, and are created by electric currents such as those used in electromagnets, and by electric fields varying in time. Since both strength and direction of a magnetic field may vary with location, they are described as a map assigning a vector to each point of space or, more precisely—because of the way the magnetic field transforms under mirror reflection—as a field of pseudovectors.

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