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The authors of this text are Henry J. Dargie and S. Grant. These two authors speak about the physical benefits of exercise, and how improving the body, can also improve the mind at the same time. This source connects to my research question because exercise would not only provide psychological benefits but physical ones as well. This source also relates to my physical benefits thematic cluster for the reasons mentioned above.

Dargie, H., & Grant, S. (1991). Exercise. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 303(6807), 910-912. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/29713290

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 The effect that exercise has on the transition from prison to community  

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 The effect that exercise has on the transition from prison to community  

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The author of this source is George Orwell. In this text, he speaks about all the negative effects of sports. Orwell mentions the psychological concerns that sports can cause to those participating and those watching. This text contradicts my answer to my research question and due to the information present, it also goes under this thematic topic.

Orwell, G. (1945-1950). The sporting sprit: Vol. IV. Journalism and Letters of George Orwell.

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The Moral Education Theory of Punishment

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The Moral Education Theory of Punishment

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This source by the author by Jean Hampton dives into the ethics of punishment. She examines the different perspectives of prison and punishment, and she also talks about the process of inmates returning to the community. These two topics are the reason why this source is beneficial for providing to my research question, and my thematic cluster.

Hampton, J. (1984). The Moral Education Theory of Punishment. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 13(3), 208-238. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265412

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Prisoners as Research Participants: Current Practice and Attitudes in the UK

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Prisoners as Research Participants: Current Practice and Attitudes in the UK

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The authors of this source are Anna Charles, Annette Rid, Hugh Davies, and Heather Draper. These authors speak on the topic of research participation in prisoners, and how reform and change are necessary to see the change in the policies put in place. In addition to this, this text highlights the importance of research in relation to physical benefits, and how these results can change the prison systems. The correlation between the research of physical benefits of exercise is the main reason as to why this article relates to my research question, and why it belongs in this theme.

Charles, A., Rid, A., Davies, H., & Draper, H. (2016). Prisoners as research participants: Current practice and attitudes in the UK. Journal of Medical Ethics, 42(4), 246-252. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/44014355

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Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding Individual Pathways

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Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding Individual Pathways

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This text is by authors Christy A. Visher and Jeremy Travis. These authors address the process of prisoners transferring from confinement to their communities. This source is important to my research question and especially this thematic cluster because of the focus on the transition mentioned above.

Visher, C., & Travis, J. (2003). Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding Individual Pathways. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 89-113. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30036962

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This article is by authors Nyle Sky Kauweloa and Jenifer Sunrise Winter. These two authors from the University of Hawaii dive into the topic of how esports can positively affect a person. Although esports isn't the same as physical activity sports, the idea of teamwork and bettering yourself are the same. This source also dives into how playing sports can help someone fit into a community. This is the reason why this source relates to my research question and belongs to this thematic topic.

Kauweloa, N. S., & Winter, J. S. (n.d.). Taking college esports seriously. Game      Studies. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from http://loading.gamestudies.ca/

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Exercise: Not a Miracle Cure, Just Good Medicine

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Exercise: Not a Miracle Cure, Just Good Medicine

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Authors Domhnall MacAuley, Adrian Bauman, and Pierre Fremont dive into the benefits of exercise in this source. While this article speaks about both the psychological and physical benefits, it primarily focuses on the physical benefits and how they can affect a person. This source relates to my research question by demonstrating important reasons for exercise in prison. This also relates to this thematic cluster because of the highlighted physical benefits.

MacAuley, D., Bauman, A., & Frémont, P. (2015). Exercise: Not a miracle cure, just good medicine. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 350. Retrieved April 7, 2021, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26520372

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Psychological Benefits of Sports and Physical Activities

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Psychological Benefits of Sports and Physical Activities

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The author of this source is Alicia Garcia-Falgueras who addresses the topic of how sports, and exercise, can reap positive benefits. She explores topics such as how physical activity can help to prevent mental illnesses such as depression and dementia. Helping to prevent depression in inmates, is a huge step in recovery, and making sure that prisoners don't return to jail again. These benefits mentioned are mainly psychological which is why this source belongs in this thematic cluster, and why it belongs as a part of my research question.

Garcia-Falgueras, A. (2015, November 22). Psychological benefits of sports and

physical activities. Science Domain International. Retrieved April 13,

2021, from http://www.sciencedomain.org/

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The Academic and Psychological Benefits of Exercise in Healthy Children and Adolescents

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The Academic and Psychological Benefits of Exercise in Healthy Children and Adolescents

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This source is by authors Martin Rasmussen and Karin Laumann. In this text, they speak about the correlation between physical activity and the brain. Exercise can help to shape the chemistry of the brain, and this relates to my research question because positively changing the brain, will help with rehabilitation. This effect on the brain makes this source an excellent text to utilize for my research question, and include in this thematic topic.

Rasmussen, M., & Laumann, K. (2013). The academic and psychological benefits of exercise in healthy children and adolescents. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 945-962. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23581530

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Prisoners should be provided with greater access to exercise because its benefits are providing inmates with rehabilitation and recovery in a natural method

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Prisoners should be provided with greater access to exercise because its benefits are providing inmates with rehabilitation and recovery in a natural method

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In our world today, the inmates of the prison system require rehabilitation and recovery more than ever. The number of people that are in prison, get released, and then return back to prison is outrageous. This shouldn't be a problem. By increasing the access to exercise in prison, can aid in rehabilitation and recovery for inmates. Through psychological, and physical growth through exercise, the transition back into the community would be much smoother and result in less re-admittance. The source Is There a Role for Rehabilitation in Sentencing quotes "The recognition of rehabilitation as a sentencing goal is long overdue" (Sands 1999). Rehabilitation was a key factor in the creation of the prison systems to help promote recovery for its inmates. Although many prison systems do their part in helping with rehabilitation, many still need to reform their policies. In the text, The Rehabilitation Myth quotes "Prison normally lacks all that is most valuable to a man - love, loyalty, manly pride" (Nussbaum 1971). These emotions, surprisingly, can be achieved through physical activity in many different varieties. Exercise is a powerful tool in changing the human body and the brain's chemistry which is the perfect reason to why prison systems must allow for more access to it.

Sands, J. (1999). Is There a Role for Rehabilitation in Sentencing? Federal Sentencing Reporter, 12(2), 112-115. doi:10.2307/20640238

NUSSBAUM, A. (1971). The Rehabilitation Myth. The American Scholar, 40(4), 674-676. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41209909

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Should the prison systems reform their approach to rehabilitation by providing more access to exercise? 

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Should the prison systems reform their approach to rehabilitation by providing more access to exercise? 

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Main: Scientific
Secondary: Ethics