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-Inspired by egg's shape to minimise the drag and consequently improve the performance of the cyclist.

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-Inspired by the shark skin.

- Composed by elastane and sillicon to improve buoyancy and reduce the drag.

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-To improve performance the F1 create negative lift called aerofoils.

-Shape of the F1 is the most important because he need to be the speedest in the race.

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Mars is home to some of the amazing geological features in the solar system.

It's amazing features and similarities to Earth have made it an exciting destination for unmanned crafts for over 50 years.56 missions have been launched to the Red planet wich were designed to explore the surface of the planet.

There is of course a faster way to do it : Flight, but complains in fly on Mars,planes uses thrust to create lift on the wings by effectively pushing down air to overcome the force of gravity on. On earth, planes achieve thrust by burning fuel with oxygen from the atmosphere.Because Mars doesn't have any significant amounts of oxygen in its atmospehere ( 0.146 % from the composition of the atmosphere), it results by the fact that an airplane sould bring its own supply like electric motor for example, Thereby severely limiting the range of any aircraft. The atmosphere on Mars is less than 1 % of thickness that on earth meaning a lot more thrust and speed is needed to create the same amount of lift as on earth but Mars only has about one-third the gravitational pull of earth, slightly reducing the required thrust.

It truns out that the speed required to generate enough lift for a light aircraft on Mars is around «  The speed of Sound » , equivelent to 1 200 km/H, compared to just 100 km/H on Earth. At that speed, turning becomes a problem because the planes have massive amounts of inertia and the wings don't have enough drag to change the direction of the flight.This means plane turns but the direction of flight doesn't change resulting in a horrible crash at the speed of sound.

Nasa and other space agencies are seriously considering the use of balloons. Balloons are much cheaper to produce and importantly can cover a lot more area concept of Mars planes. It can be flying in order of several months completing several trips around the entire planet.

Needless to say, none of these missions ever went ahead, this is because they can't do what Rovers have been trying to do ever since they landed on Mars.

Finding life on another planet would arguably be the most important scientific discovery ever.

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Climbing: We demonstrate the relationships between the four forces in the climb to show that the aeroplane is still in a state of equilibrium when climbing.

The forces acting on the aeroplane in a climb:
There are four forces acting on the aeroplane, lift, drag, thrust and weight, and that in straight and level the aeroplane was in equilibrium. The same is true of the climb, the forces are in equilibrium. They will also know about airflow. Explain that for simplicity, the diagram will show the forces acting throught just one point, and that the climb angle has been exagerated for clarity.
Since the aeroplane is in equilibrium there must be a force equal and opposite to this resultant R1. The relationship of  the four forces is next explained, as was done in straight and level. Starting with thrust (T) and drag (D ). In straight and level flight thrust equals drag. In a climb, thrust must increase to equal drag plus the rearward component of weight.

Why then, does the aeroplane not accelerate?
Break weight down into its two components, with the rearward component of weight added to the drag vector. Thrust is equal to the drag plus the rearward component of weight

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Do you think that flying on Mars is possible?
....

I can tell you that: yes, it's possible!

Like Earth, Mars has an atmosphair, so flying on Mars is possible. Preasure on Mars is 1/140 of the one on Earth, so it needs a lot of preparation and research.
For example, the NASA is developping an engine, called Prandtl-m, which will go on Mars between 2022 and 2024. You can have more details on this website about this engine and differents constraints.

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Could This Become The First Mars Airplane?

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Innovation could lead to a flier in 2022-24.

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A Canard configuration is a special aeronautic arrangement composed of a small forewing, placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft.

This design provides a positive lift, added to the one generated by the main wing, compared to a classic tailplane, which creates negative lift. It also avoids stalling: this surface stalls first, making the aircraft nosing down, saving the main wing from stalling.

But there are some drawbacks.
This Canard configuration limits the lift gain from flaps on the wing. Longitudinal stability contraints higher loading on forward surfaces than backward onces.

The following picture is a Eurofighter "Typhoon", from Airbus. As you can see there are some little forward fixed-wings : this is the Canard.

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What is turbulence?
Turbulence is blow or areas of air overpressure. They can go in any direction and give the impression that the plane is climbing, falling, or receiving violent impact.
Areas where we risk to meet turbulence are known because they correspond to controlled meteorological events.
phenomene causing turbulence:
- the sun on the ground,
- the wind,
- jet stream,
- Fronts of hot air and cold air,
- the clouds
Are turbulence dangerous?
1.The strength of the wings
Even if you see the wings move and you hear sounds, turbulence can't cause any damage to an aircraft. They are designed to hold turbulence that doesn't exist on Earth.
2.The loss of altitude
the feeling of falling or climbing when you cross turbulences, it is a sensation, because the plane moves only a few centimeters.
3.the risks for passengers
There is only one risk during a turbulence, this is that a passengers falls.

know level turbulence
On board of the plane:

- no color, no turbulence
- green means light turbulence,

- yellow predicts light to moderate turbulence,
- red indicates moderate to strong turbulence,
- purple indicates strong or very strong turbulence

In the lower altitudes, arrows describe the strength and direction of the wind. this arrow shows a direction (the wind comes from the North-West), and gives an intensity: a long line means 10 knots of wind, a half-line is 5 knots. here we will have a northwesterly wind for 25 knots, equal to 50 km / h.